Extraction and determination of Kaempferol and Quercetin in petals of 10 genotypes of Rosa damascena Mill. from western Iran

Flavonoid components are the largest phenolic groups in nature. Pigments are primarily responsible for the color of rose petals (the colorless flavonoids aid the intensification and stabilization of petals color). The aim of this research was extraction and determination of flavonoid compounds kaempferol and quercetin in petals of Rosa damascena from western of Iran and cultivated in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Samples were collected on late April 2006. A 5 g fresh flower petals was blended with 30 ml of 9:1 methanol:acetic acid, the extract was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two flavonoids kaempferol and quercetin glycoside compounds were extracted from ten samples. The highest kaempferol content were obtained from Kordestan (595 ppm), Qazvine (505 ppm), West Azarbaijan (484 ppm), and Ilam (483 ppm), and the lowest from Kermanshah (74 ppm), Hamedan (88 ppm) and Lorestan (Poldokhtar) (252 ppm). The highest quercetin glucoside contents were obtained from Ardabil (322 ppm), West Azarbaijan (312 ppm), Ilam (302 ppm), and Chahar Mehal (239 ppm), and lowest were from Lorestan (Poldokhtar) (77 ppm), Hamedan (80 ppm), Kermanshah (117 ppm) and Kohkiluyeh (Gachsaran) (158 ppm). According to these results, the best samples were obtained from west Azarbaijan (484 ppm kaempferol, 312 ppm quercetin), Ilam (483 ppm kaempferol, 302 ppm quercetin) and Ardabil (447 ppm kaempferol, 322 ppm quercetin).