Paradigmatic Changes in Analyzing Social Problems: From Competition to Cooperation Book Review

Where is suitable point to departure for analyzing social problems? And what are the backgrounds and factors of social evolutions? As a basic dividing we can study variety of concepts and theories in two paradigms: competition and cooperation. The logic of this division is explained in book of “Anthropology of yarygari(cooperation)”. This book is based on survey and exploratory researches by Morteza Farhadi, ph.D. Connected social interactions, backgrounds, definitions, conceptions and the related theories are presented and criticized. Moreover Yarygari (cooperation) is explained in three different types of “Khodyary” (voluntary contribution), “Hamyary” (cooperation), “Degaryary” (alternative contribution) besides some other types which are extracted from their combination. By Demonstrating role of cooperation as a rule of social order and analyzing social problems, his worthy effort has light up global structures of cooperation. The mentioned rule is not only decoding communication in human society but also among animals. This rule is less known in sociology and anthropology and its explanation of social problems is limited to a special viewpoint; competition. The effect of western’s competition paradigm led to publicizing the superiority of competition’s systems which invert social evolution in Iran and the countries like that. These countries are talented and productive in different types of tradition of cooperation (also culture of yarygari) and any misunderstanding of their condition causes false prescription. Studying the analyses of important subjects such as participation and political participation in Iranian culture especially the case of Iranian women are samples which show analyzing capacity of new findings and provide more explanations.