Comparison of fentanyl and combination of pethedine and midazolam for pain control during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Shock wave during extracorporeal lithotripsy causes pain for which analgesic drugs are prescribed most often. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and adverse effects of fentanyl and combination of pethedine and midazolam for pain control during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). In this single blind clinical trial study, 89 patients older than 18 years with renal or upper urethral stones who were candidates for ESWL were randomly allocated into Intervention (45 patients) and control groups (44 patients). First group (Intervention) was given I.V. fentanyl (1 mg/kg) and control group was given I.V. pethedine (0.7 mg/kg) and (0.02 mg/kg) midazolam before starting ESWL. Then ESWL was performed in two groups with guidance of fluoroscopy by standard technique. During operation every 20 minutes and 2 hours after operation severity of pain was checked according to visual analogue scale. Efficacy of operation was evaluated in two groups according to follow up KUB and ultrasonography. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using Chi square test. Frequency of painless operation and mild pain in fentanyl group were found 26.6 and 24.4 percents, respectively. Although severe pain was more observed in the control group (32.5%), but it was not significantly different (P>0.05). Efficacy of operation didn’t show significant difference between two groups of patients (P>0.05). Similar pethedine and midazolam lower dose of intravenous fentanyl provides adequate analgesia with minimal side effects and suitable efficacy for pain control during ESWL, which can be used in outpatients, without need to monitoring in adult patients.