Frequency of Decreased Bone Mineral Density and Its Risk Factors during Childhood among Iranian Hemophilia Patients

This study was undertaken to assess the frequency of decreased bone mineral density and its risk factors as well as its impact on the quality of life during childhood among hemophiliac patients. Thirty seven children with severe hemophilia A and B, referred to Mofid Children’s Hospital during 2010, were selected. For all patients the joint score, body mass indexes, bone mineral density, the level of inhibitor antibodies were measured. Short forms of Haeamo-QoL questionnaire were used to assess their quality of life. Data were statistically analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z, Mann-Whitney, T-test, Fisher’s eact test, and χ² test. In this study the overall prevalence of low bone density was 35%. Factors that were significantly associated with the frequency and severity of decreased bone density were age, presence of inhibitor antibodies, and reduced joint range of motion. Total quality of life score, and the sub scores of “viewpoint” and “others” as well as the “attitude” were decreased significantly in patients with decreased bone density. According to our findings there is a high prevalence of low bone density among hemophiliac patients. The body mass index should be maintained by appropriate nutrition and exercise to prevent loss of bone density in patients with hemophilia. Prophylaxis regimen in early childhood and regular monitoring of inhibitor antibody development are advised for early detection and management of this complication.