Comparison of Essential Fatty Acid Intakes and Serum Levels of Inflammatory Factors between Asthmatic and Healthy Adults: A Case- Control Study

Dietary fatty acids play a critical role in modulation of airway inflammation in asthma. This study was conducted to compare dietary intakes of essential fatty acids and serum levels of inflammatory factors in asthmatic and healthy adults, and to examine the potential relationship between inflammatory markers and dietary fatty acids.In this case-control study, 47 asthmatic patients (26 males and 21 females) were compared with 47 controls (24 males and 23 females). Blood samples were taken from case and control groups and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin and adiponectin were determined. Dietary intakes were assessed by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).Dietary intakes of omega-3 fatty acids were significantly lower in asthmatic patients compared to controls (p<0.05). Serum concentrations of TNF-α, hs-CRP and leptin were significantly higher in asthmatic patients. There was a significant negative relationship between adiponectin levels and saturated fatty acid intakes in both groups, but the relationship between adiponectin and mono-unsaturated fatty acid intakes was positive and significant only in asthmatic group. No significant correlation between other inflammatory factors and dietary intakes was found in this study.Higher intake of omega-3 and lower levels of inflammatory factors in the healthy control group compared to asthmatic group may explain the protective role of essential fatty acids in asthma. Further studies with larger sample size are needed in this regard.