Effect of Exercise Training and Middle-Age on Pathological and Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy

Aging is an inevitable process, which is associated with the development of various diseases such as cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertrophy can occur in both pathological and physiological types. Both types can be divided into eccentric or concentric. If age is associated with inactivity, this can lead to pathological heart hypertrophy. However, exercise is able to control pathological hypertrophy, but it could lead to physiological hypertrophy. In this paper, we consider the effects of middle-age on heart and cardiac hypertrophy types and the effects of exercise.