Diagnostic reference levels at intraoral and dental panoramic examinations

The aim of this study was to measure and determine diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) of programs used at intraoral and dent panoramic examinations in Kosovo. To determine DRL, were performed measurements for dose area product (DAP) at intraoral and dental panoramic radiology systems. This study has covered over 47% of X-ray units, which are in use for intraoral and panoramic imaging examinations on the country.  From results, we conclude that, the mean of DAP (mGy cm2) for single intraoral examination is 26.8, 29.6 and 39.7 for incisor, premolar and molar, respectively. Therefore the mean of DAP (mGy cm2) value for panoramic dental radiology is 62.7, 74.1 and 90.3 for child, adult and large adult, respectively. For each modality mention above are proposed specific DRLs. Recommended DRLs value for intraoral radiography for incisor, premolar and molar programs are: 28.5, 36.5 and 50.3 mGy cm2, respectively. Also, DRLs for dental panoramic radiography for child, adult and large adult programs are: 73.0, 81.0 and 93.0 mGy cm2, respectively. A better quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) should be enforcement. For strengthening of QA and QC engagement of radiographers and Medical Physicist is mandatory.