Management of Diabetes Mellitus in Islamic Fasting

Millions of Muslims across the globe fast during the holy month of Ramadan, as well as on the other specific dates of the lunar calendar. Although the Islamic law exempts patients from fasting, more than 50 million Muslim patients with diabetes mellitus fast during Ramadan. Ramadan fasting in diabetic patients may increase the risk of various complications, such as hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypovolemia, and thrombosis. This study aimed to review the safe management of blood glucose in the diabetic patients willing to fast during Ramadan.  This literature review was conducted via searching in databases such as Medline, PubMed, PMC, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and the reference lists of relevant articles.  The diabetic patients who are willing to fast during Ramadan should be prepared within at least 1-2 months prior to the beginning of Ramadan through Ramadan-focused advice, medical assessment before Ramadan, modifications in their medication protocol, balanced diet, physical activity plans, and advice on the self-monitoring of blood glucose.  According to the results, safe Ramadan fasting in diabetic patients could be achieved with the help of healthcare providers, including physicians and pharmacists.