Journal of Research and Health
Volume:8 Issue: 3, May-Jun 2018

Gender equality means the enjoyment to rights, opportunities, and life chances has not been governed or limited by the gender. One of the issues highlighted in international human rights is the elimination of gender-based discrimination and the need for equality between men and women in the human society. Gender inequality comes from biological differences and social context [1]. Women need different treatment than men to prosperous the same rights. For example, in order to benefit from the right to work, women may need help and support from families and the societyin taking care of the child or doing their homework as a traditional duty.

Therapist related factors and also patient has many effects on phenomenon of successful termination of psychotherapy. Factor and growing a combination of these factors causes the patient to prematurely leave the psychotherapy sessions. This study aimed to investigate the role of demographic factors in predicting of successful termination of individual psychotherapy. Population study contained all of patients who referred to psychiatry and psychology clinics. Researcher made demographic questionnaire and outcome questionnaire were used to collect data. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that referral source, severity problem, income, access treatment, gender, level of education, therapist's level of education and type of therapy were predictors of successful termination and the final research model can predict 61% of the variance in the criterion for the successful termination of psychotherapy. There was no significant relationship between the cost of the treatment and the clinical diagnosis with successful termination of individual psychotherapy. The results showed that demographic factors are important predictors of successful termination of individual psychotherapy.

A new direction in the prevention of drug use is the identification of protective factors. One of the protective factors is the resilience that refers to the process of returning to normal functioning after a stressful event. The present study investigates the relation of attachment styles and problem solving skills to resiliency in treatment-seeking substance dependents referring to the treatment clinics. The study population were drug addicts who had referred to addiction treatment clinics of Ahwaz city. The participants included 186 men and women with drug addiction who were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected by using adult attachment style questionnaire, Connor and Davidson Resiliency Scale, and the scale of the problem-solving developed by Cassidy and Long. The results indicated a positive correlation between secure attachment and resilience. They also showed a positive correlation between problem solving skills and resiliency. Results of the regression analysis indicated that attachment style and problem solving can predict the resiliency with 5% variance. Having beliefs about solving life's problems along with a secure attachment style can increase people’s resiliency. This can be used by treatment centers as an important aspect in training patients how to solve the problems and deal with the issue of drug addiction.

Choosing spouse and entering into marriage is a turning point in the growth and character development. Certainly, the choice of partner is one of the most important decisions in life. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of marital adjustment through study of variables of attachment and determinism as predictors of marital adjustment. The study used a correlation method and conducted on a sample of 50 student couples from Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University that was selected by convenience sampling. To collect data, the marital adjustment scale, attachment scale for adults, and deterministic thinking scale were used. Except for variables of avoidant attachment and overall deterministic thinking, which were not correlated with marital adjustment, other variables (secure attachment, ambivalent attachment, determinism in interaction with others, philosophical determinism, determinism in future anticipation, and determinism in tragic events) had significant relationships with marital adjustment. All the variables were also able to predict marital adjustment. Based on significant correlation of the components of this research, the findings can be used to improve the compatibility of couples.

Breast cancer is the most widespread diagnosed illness in women all over the world. The current study’s aim is to analyze the relationship of emotional well-being with women’s characteristics suffering from breast cancer. This research has been a correlation study. The population studied the women suffering from breast cancer being visited by clinics and hospitals of Semnan state that 250 participants were sampled. Questionnaires have been used for receiving data in this study: The questionnaire of life quality SF- 36 and the questionnaire of temperament and character of Cloninger. The results indicated that the correlation coefficient between emotional well-being and novelty seeking dimensions and vulnerability, cooperativeness, self-directedness is significant. The results from regression analysis proved that the subscale level of novelty seeking, vulnerability, cooperativeness and self-directedness are significant in predicting emotional well-being. The results indicate that there is a significant statistical relationship between emotional well-being and characteristic dimensions. According to this relationship we can conclude that the experience of stressful events in life can lead to negative emotions. Thus, providing psychological interventions can reduce the harmful variables of characteristic and increase the well-being in treatment protocol of patients and life satisfaction.

This study was done to investigate female heads of household’s decision-making process for remarriage and its barriers. Since an important part of these women’s life was not researchable through questionnaires and details of their life would be omitted, it's felt the need to do qualitative work; therefore, it's a qualitative study by narrative analysis strategy in which we used both thematic analysis and structural analysis by using semi-structured interviews with 9 women in Gonabad. The results of this study showed these persons strongly felt the lack of husband due to the variety of needs, but barriers to remarriage have a deterrent role in the final decision to remarriage and this structural pressure is to the extent that put women in conflict for making final decision and this conflict will increase over time. In the final, 9 of them had feeling the need, tending to remarry, social perceptions, expectations originated from emotions, expectations originated from position, subjective norms and evaluating and expecting benefits.

Increasing tendency to drug use is a major social problem, Treatment attempts, regardless of the motivation, are not complete. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between treatment motivation, substance use, craving, withdrawal symptoms and health locus of control in addicted patients. Research population this study included all male and female patients referring to the addiction treatment center. The convenience sampling was used to select the sample and the sample size was determined as 100 participants. Data collection tools consisted of questionnaires demographic characteristics, treatment motivation, craving, withdrawal symptoms and multidimensional Health Locus of Control. There was significant relationship between treatment motivation with craving, withdrawal symptoms and health locus of control and between treatment motivation with variables of sex, education, occupation and type of substance. There was no significant correlation between the components of the health locus of control, craving, withdrawal symptoms with sex, education, marriage and occupation. Regression results showed effective Perceived suitability of the treatment was 0.43 on the craving and Perceived suitability of the treatment and Problem recognition are respectively 0.40 and 0.23, on the Withdrawal Symptoms. Considering the role of treatment motivation in reducing the return to drugs and the more willingness to treat and relapse less in people with internal control of control in future plans to address the problem of addiction and pushing addicts to treatment, the relevant variables have paid particular attention.

Unintentional injuries are major cause of death and disability in children. In this regard, mothers play important role in adopting preventive measures to avoid these injuries. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of protection motivation to prevent home injuries among mothers with children under 5 year-old. This study was performed on 204 mothers having children under 5 year-old in health centers. Proportional stratified random sampling was use as sampling method. The inclusion criteria were living in Jiroft city, ability to read and write, having at least one child under 5 year-old and desire to participate in the study. A researcher-made with 41 items questionnaire was used to measure demographics characteristics and protection motivation theory constructs in terms of home injuries. The results showed that there was significant relationship between mean scores of protection motivation and perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, response efficacy, self-efficacy, response costs and fear. The results of linear regression analysis showed that self-efficacy, fear and response costs could predict 20% of variance of motivation to protect from home-related injuries. Considering that self-efficacy, response cost, and fear could predict protection motivation among mothers so use of such constructs in health promotion interventions can improve the safety behaviors of mothers at home.

Body is center of many debates in sociology during last decades. Sociologists believe that human body is a project of identity. It seems that women pay more attention to their body; therefore, this study investigated the effective factors on body modification of Tehranian women. Body modification includes weight control, cosmetic services, using medicines and creams, and medical services. Among the theories of body modification, theories of Pierre Bourdieu, Anthony Giddens, and Brayan Turner were selected as the theoretical framework of this research; then research model and hypothesis were extracted. The statistical population was all of the Tehranian women at the age range of 22-44 years. Using multi-stage cluster sampling method, 384 women were selected. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. The results of the study showed that body modification can have a significant relationship with consumerism, media consumption, personal identity, social class and age. Moreover, nearly 47% of body modification changes were explained by “consumerism”, 7% by “media consumption”, and 12% by “personal identity”. The results showed that the age group of 25-35 years has the highest practice of body modification. Furthermore, “social class” showed a positive significant relationship with body modification. According to the theories of Giddens, Bourdieu and Turner, it can be concluded that modernity and its components consumerism, hegemony of media, and identification influences the body modification of Tehranian women

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neuro-developmental disorder which was diagnosed by three features including: attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity. This study aimed to determine the effect of executive function training based on daily life on reducing symptoms and improving adaptive skills in children with ADHD. 16 children aged 7-10 years old with ADHD were selected by random sampling method from clients of the department of psychiatry in Babol hospital and were divided randomly into experimental and control groups (n=8). Subjects were assessed in two steps at pretest and posttest by SNAP-IV and Barkley Functional Impairment Scale Children and Adolescents (BFIS-CA). The intervention group received 11 training sessions (1 hour in each session) with their mothers. The research findings showed that subjects of the experimental group had significant reduction in posttest scores of SNAP-IV scale than the control group. Significant reduction was observed in the scores of BFIS scale in the experimental group for both Home-school impairment and Community-Leisure impairment subtests. According to findings executive function training based on daily life leads to reduce ADHD symptoms and improve adaptive skills in children with ADHD. It is concluded that executive functions training based on daily life for ease of use and the applicability of its methods can be used in different situations such as home and school for reducing symptoms and improving adaptive skills in children with ADHD.

Self-esteem and lack of social phobia are considered amongst the components of mental health. These features are more likely to be created during the early years of life like any other mental aspect. Hence, the present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral play therapy in self-esteem and social anxiety of student. The statistical population included all the students in Tehran, from whom a sample of 24 was drawn through multi-stage cluster sampling. They were randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. The data gathering tools included Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and Connor Social Phobia Inventory. The experimental group underwent the group play therapy while the control group received no treatment. The findings indicated that group play therapy was effective in the increase of self-esteem and decrease of social phobia among the students. Therefore, it is recommended that children’s counseling and therapy centers as well as school officials employ the necessary interventions to enhance health, improve self-esteem, and decrease social phobia with regard to the necessary constructs for the improvement of children’s and adolescents’ mental health.

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric diagnoses which its growing trend has created major problems for mental health. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between social health components and incidence of depressive disorder among students of Yazd university. Data were collected by using stratified sampling method among 250 undergraduate students (107 males and 143 females). The research instrument included beck depression inventory, perceived social support scale, social cohesion scale, social trust scale and social tie scale. According to the results of this study, there was significant negative correlation between perceived social support and depression, there was significant negative correlation between two social cohesion components namely belief and commitment with depression. There was significant negative correlation between the component of public trust in social trust structure and depression. There was relatively strong positive correlation between social health and incidence of depression in undergraduate students. Therefore the social and behavioral interferences to strengthen public health is essential to prevent the incidence and prevalence of depression.