فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 30، بهار 1397)

In the process of regional and inter-provincial planning and development, identify and determine the levels of development of Township and awareness of their strengths and weaknesses is important. Because the application of quantitative criteria and methods for determining the levels of development in the spatial system of the regions has led to the recognition of the inequality of settlements and, on the other hand, the optimal allocation of resources and ultimately contributes to the targeted planning of provincial development programs. Knowing this, the present study aims to assess the spatial distribution of development indicators in Yazd province. The method of research in this study was descriptive-analytic and research data were collected through documentary study (Yazd Province Statistical Office, Provincial Government and Governorate of Yazd province). In this study, we used Delphi technique and entropy weighing system to weigh indices. In order to evaluate the spatial distribution and developmental levels, the ORESTE technique and the cluster analysis have been used. The findings of the research show that Yazd province in terms of spatial distribution of development indicators: Has overdeveloped Three Township, among the development Five Township and down development Two Township. The results also show that Ardakan has the most and the city of Bafgh and Bahabad is far from the development circuit of the province and it is necessary to prioritize the development plans of the province.

When an earthquake occurs, city is affected as a system. In other words, urban elements are not only affected by earthquake and its side effects, but they also affect other urban elements or are affected by themin a systematic interaction. As the level and manner of impact by urban elements increase, more elements are affected.in Abdolabad in district 19 of Tehran divided into northern and southern part. The research method is analytical- descriptive and library and document studies have been conducted as well as FAHP based analyses Resultsshow that current management of old urban tissues lacks essential capability to deal with earthquakes and managerial elements in neighborhood level are more affectedduring earthquakes, compared with other elements affected by urban land use. Results indicate that management, economy and community’s involvement in the renewal and revival with 0.145, 0.112 and 0.110 scores are in first to third place, respectively and this reflects the importance of the components compared with other components of the study. Additionally, in this paper, considering the components and sub-criteria and using the software, North Abdolabad, compared with South Abdolabad,was in the first place and accordingly, best area in terms of post-earthquake planning to manage and organize.

This research seeks to study the building of pavements in the areas of Darakeh, Sattarkhan and Hamila and its effect on mental security and citizens’ movements. The methodology is a descriptive-analytic one and in order to analyze the data, the software spss has been used. In this research, the statistic community is composed of passersby who have used the pavements. Given the statistical community wherein the flowing population of the passersby is taken into account, the sample consists of 400 questionnaires and in order to complete the questions in the questionnaires during nighttime, 200 questionnaires and 200 questionnaires for the day have been completed by using interviews. The results indicate how the functional dimension in security are interdependent with the function of the criteria and the dimension of security given the criteria in such factors in terms of service, culture, society and economy; also by trial and error as well as exact scrutiny with the knowledge of security criteria concerning pavements, the feeling of security is achieved regardless of gender and health scale of the passersby. Ignoring a certain path for the movement of the disabled and the absence of a proper separation of the passersby and the riders, the presence of the porters and their disorganization, the absence of predicting a proper place for temporary activities such as salespersons, improper light and brightness particularly at night, the insufficient activity of police forces during night and the absence of monitoring camera are among the shortcomings.

Dust storm is a phenomenon that mainly occurs in arid and semiarid regions in the result of high speed of wind and its turbulence on soil surface without coverage and erosion competent and cause to view amount reduction to less than 1 kilometer. In this study, dust and precipitation data in synoptic station selected in Alborz and Qazvin provinces was used during 2000 to 2014. After 06 and 07 codes extraction from meteorology data, days with dust were detected and monthly and yearly frequency of dust were analyzed statistically. evaluation of drought effect on the dust phenomena occurrence was performed using the SPI method for annual and monthly scales at 3, 9 and 18 months intervals. The drought results showed a severe drought at the Karaj station in 2013 and an extreme drought at the Qazvin Station in 2008. The result of investigation of annual dust showed that Karaj and Qazvin stations with regard to 06 and 07 codes had the highest dust phenomenon. Monthly evaluation also showed that the most frequent events occurred at the stations of Karaj and Qazvin in the months of May and June. By examining the relationship between drought and the frequency of days with dust, it was also found that there was no significant correlation between these two phenomena at the Karaj station on an annual and monthly scale, but at Qazvin Station between days with dust and SPI values in the 18-month interval, there was a weak correlation in 10% level, but there was no significant relationship between other time scales.

The increasing population growth and its consequences such as urban development and reliance on the transport system have increased energy consumption and the environmental effects so it is crucial to use to appropriate tools and methods for the study of the destructive consequences of urban development in order to achieve sustainable development. One of these methods is the evaluation of the ecological footprint which calculates the amount of negative effects of each individual on the environment. Lahijan as the biggest city of the east of Gilan and the third most populous city in Gilan is faced with increasing urban population and consequently urban development and increased use of transportation as a result. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ecological footprint of Lahijan transport and it answers to the question of whether the ecological space of Lahijan can provide sustainable urban transport? The method is based on analytical and descriptive method and using the ecological footprint indicator. The results show that the ecological footprint of transport of any person residing in Lahijan is 0/8922 hectares. Considering the total population of the city, equal to 150325/32 hectares of land is required for the transport sector that Compare to the amount of available land, the city has a deficit of land equal to 122831/32 hectares and this represents the amount of pressure on the ecological space to supply energy needed for transportation, which leads to the ecological instability of Lahijan transportation sector.

Today, tourism is of great importance in the economic, social, and cultural changes of countries and so the satisfaction of tourists plays an important role in the continuity of tourism and the future of this industry. The satisfaction of tourists usually helps to increase the rate of support for staying, loyalty and attracting tourists and that's Very effective In acquiring economic goals, such as raising the rate of support for longevity, tourist livelihood and attraction As well as in achieving economic goals, such as increasing the number of tourists And long-term economic success in the country. The purpose of this article’s Prioritizing factors affecting the satisfaction of tourists from tourism and tourism services offices of Mazandaran province using factor analysis technique. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study is tourists from Mazandaran province. Given the fact that the number of uncertain communities and the variance of the prototype are not available, 170 samples were selected based on the sample size formula. To collect information used a researcher made questionnaire their validity was confirmed and reliability of the questionnaire was 0.74, respectively, according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. T-test, KMO and MSA were used for inferential statistics. AHP was also used to prioritize components. The results of the paper show that all the factors that were prioritized by AHP Namely communication skills, body image, physical skills, technical skills, new media, service and price on the satisfaction of tourists and tourism province tourism agencies were effective.

Nowadays, human bioclimatic studies are base of regional construction planning, especially in field of settlements and urban issues, architecture and tourism. This project evaluates temperature maximum and minimum by using of tourism climate index (TCI), climatic factors affecting on climatic conditions for tourism activities in Khouzestan. This research is an applied research that is done analytical- descriptive method and in the research intended indicators are taken account for 12 synoptic stations in Khouzestan during statistics period (1993-2012). Then, results are entered to GIS setting and tourism climate is zoned for Khouzestan seasonal and finally, tourism calendar is designed for the province. In this research, obtained results show that Khouzestan climate potentials are more desirable in cold months for tourism and these conditions are undesirable as we approach to the warmer seasons and there is not comfort, in the other words, the best bioclimatic conditions is winter and autumn in this state and warm seasons are undesirable due to temperature and relative humidity high changes. In the spring, microclimatic conditions can be created by to build hotels, motels and camps according to climate for tourists feel peace. But, in the summer there are tourism downturn and unfair climate conditions due to climatic drastic changes.

Climate changing specially cumulative temperature is most important issue in 21 century. Then evaluation of this problem on a global regional and local scales is very important. Nowadays, A lot general circulation model to predict future climate conditions were designed. But the output from these models have been developed. On a regional and local scales, one of the most common methods is the use of LARS-WG model downscaling. In this study, with the aim of climatic zoning of East Azerbaijan province. In the first, climate data of fifteen years (up to2010) for ten synoptic stations were collected. Then by using the mentioned model, information for 2011-2030 to 2046-2065 was produced. By using the inverse distance weighting method, the province was zoned and after that the performance of method analyzed which shows the acceptable result. According to the model outputs, about precipitation, in both period, the amount of that will decrease which the most is belong to 2065 that it is 40mm of average observation period.

Urban management is an important factor in the development of ports and coastal town. That is why governments try to expand coastal tourism by using urban management. This research aims to investigate the effects of urban management on coastal tourism in terms of 321 people including tourists and locals in too (based on Cochran formula). This research is descriptive-analytic based on the method of doing it. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between the variables. In the studies, indicators such as primary infrastructures, basic infrastructure and tourism infrastructure, Islamic congressional approvals, proper accessibility and facilities and services were identified as the most important quality factors for coastal environments, which is undesirable in the case of the coast of the city soon after these conditions. It can also be said that urban management has a positive and significant relationship with the development of coastal tourism, which is equivalent to.759, which means that, no matter how more sustainable urban management, the same amount of coastal tourism will be developed.

Wave of quantitative models in the social sciences during the 1990s, coupled with issues of development and underdevelopment, Application of multi-criteria decision methods expanded in determining the development of the areas. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of multi-criteria decision (Electra, Vikor, TOPSIS, Copland, taxonomy and saw) Measure the degree development County province is in Khuzestan. The research methodology is based on practical purpose and descriptive nature is analytical. Statistical population is 24 County in Khuzestan province. That use 71 variables in six different rankings paid County of the province finally, using three different

the coefficient of variation, percentage changes and the changes in the model to Measure the degree development of County and their rankings chosen. The results showed that the County in different models, achieved Position and rankings differently. The results indicate low-intensity changes, percentage changes and index changes are in taxonomy and electric models and it seems that these two methods are compared with other methods of multi-criteria decision to measure the degree of development of County, have more credibility.

This study compared the thermal comfort of tourists in the city of Abadan and Zanjan using the Indicators of nervous strain (CI), Terjung and MEMI index is done. To do this research, meteorological data and Zanjan synoptic stations Abadan during a period of 20 years (1394-1374) have been used. the results of bioclimatic nervous strain index (CI) cold conditions in any one month during the year in Abadan station is found. climatic conditions in late autumn and winter (November, December, January, February and March) is cool. Human comfort factors Zanjan stations in summer (July and August) the comfort reigns. The results show that the study area (station Zanjan) eight months of cold air to the skin surface quickly freezes and four months, the weather is very cool and comfort. Bioclimatic index Tarjong daily climatic conditions in Abadan station, respectively, for the months of January, February and March sovereignty air climatic conditions (comfort) show comparing the heat of the day and night conditions Zanjan stations show that in autumn and winter thermal conditions in a cool, cool, very cool and super cool and very cool in summer and spring climate prevails in the region. Index MEMI Abadan in the months of January and February, with the low in March and December cold stress, drought stress, and climatic comfort is the highest quality. According to the model used in the most appropriate time for tourism in winter months (January, February, March) in Abadan and summer months (July, August, September) in Zanjan.

The land use of spatial outcomes the interaction between man and his activities in space, and in general, the logical arrangement of the establishment of population and activity in the territory of the land, and its role in other programs is such that all social development programs and Economics is affected by different geographic levels.The purpose of this article is to present strategies and guidelines for the development of Baneh and marivan border areas. This research was done through the descriptive analytic method, and it was intended to serve an applied research. The documents and data collection was done by field study, and by library method. It was prepared in the format of a questionnaire, which was conducted by 20 experts. The models used in this study were SWOT-ANP and SWOT- AHP hybrid models,To do this, the SWOT technique used to identify the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. To take the best strategy, ANP and AHP models were used to weight the series of internal and external factors (SO, WO, ST, WT). The research findings showed that in the model SWOT-QSPM, WT as the main strategy, In the SWOT-ANP model, SO strategy, with the score weight of 0/861 is the most important strategy in the development and promotion of the region. Furthermore, ST strategy in the SWOT- AHP model, with the score weight of 0.166 is one of the most important strategies.

The costs of a project is included the design and implementation and the costs of ownership, (operation, maintenance and expenditures) throughout the project’s life cycle. One of the building’s Operational period costs is the cost of energy that the energy consumption analysis during the design phase can lead to major savings in the project’s life cycle.The rapidly growing world energy use has already raised concerns over supply difficulties, exhaustion of energy resources and heavy environmental impacts (ozone layer depletion, global warming, climate, etc.). The global contribution from buildings towards energy consumption, both residential and commercial, has steadily increased reaching figures between 20% and 40% in developed countries, and has exceeded the other major sectors: industrial and transportation. Growth in population, increasing demand for building services and comfort levels, together with the rise in time spent inside buildings, assure the upward trend in energy demand will continue in the future. For this reason, energy efficiency in buildings is today a prime objective for energy policy at regional, national and international levels.In this research, Value engineering workshop, consisting of specialized working Group of Project Management, Architecture and Civil Engineering was formed to study energy efficiency in building’s facade (Case Study: Omid commercial-residential complex in Mashhad) and the proposed options were assessed in the design phase and after the consensus of expert opinions, by using the brainstorming method, improving ideas were replaced. Finally, evaluation of options and the calculation of difference between them were presented. This research is a descriptive and practical study. The data collection tool was a literature review and case study. The study aims to assess the studies of value engineering to increase the quality and reduce the cost of architectural designs and delivering a sample of proposed solutions in order to use value engineering services in these designs. So far, the value engineering is the most practical in the fields of industrial, agriculture, transport and services design in the world. This study aimed to express the results of value engineering as applied to architecture projects, in order to reduce the costs and energy consumption in façade design by using the Energy Plus software and it shows the practicability and usefulness of the value engineering in architectural projects. Findings shows that studies of value engineering in architectural projects have the following

improving the level of staff’s knowledge, unfolding the weaknesses of the primary design, Achieving new solutions, Encourage to participation and work in groups, Simplification of the design, making needs and goals of the project clear, Coordinating the various proceedings and reduce the costs.

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the role of good urban governance in increasing the resilience of informal settlements. This is a casual and correlational descriptive applied research, which uses an analytical approach. Research population of the study are residents of informal settlements of Tabriz metropolis. Using simple sampling method and Cochran formula, the sample size obtained 400 people. To analyze the data, the spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression (stepwise) tests have been used. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by academics and urban professionals. Using Cronbach Alpha special formula, the reliability of questionnaire obtained 0.92 for good governance and 0.91 for urban resilience. Research findings show's that except the variables of rule of the law and justice and fairness, the remaining variables of good urban governance have a significant relationship with the dependent variable. Also the results of multiple regression test revealed that the variable of responsibility has the power of predicting resilience more than other variables, and the variables of transparency, participation, responsiveness, consensus building, efficiency and effectiveness respectively are the next. These six variables have the ability of predicting 89% of resilience changes of informal settlements. Finally, practical recommendations about the role of each of the aspects of governance on increasing the resilience is provided.

One of the major structural and structural damage of Iran's management, especially in environmental matters Is Bureaucracy This is the case in times of environmental crises Cause Lack of initiative and timely response Has been From the macro management area. One can say that this is a global issue and there are several solutions for it which is one of the most effective initiatives in this field. The purpose of this article Is Review and analyze the role of NGOs In providing the ground for the participation of people away from stuck and administrative bureaucracy In order to manage the financial and geographical conditions of the environmental crises of Iranian metropolises. The main question of this article is that Due to the Inefficiencies of bureaucratic management in dealing with environmental crises in Iranian metropolitan areas How can people-public organizations manage the macroeconomic crisis of the country through the establishment of participatory management of the financial and geographic dimensions of the environmental crisis? In addition, the main question of other sub-questions is raised in this article what is the history of partner-driven management? And what are the views expressed in this regard? The findings of this paper show that Iranian metropolises face various environmental crises such as air pollution, vegetation and forest degradation, drought and ...That conventional government mechanisms have not only failed to manage them But because of the requirements of development and progress, and sometimes they have also exacerbated them. The research hypothesis is that NGOs can In contrast to the financial and budgetary constraints and the complex and slow structure of the state bureaucracy provide a collaborative model of management for the financial and geographic management of macroeconomic crisis in Iranian cities. Considering this introduction in this paper, using the qualitative research method and using library resources and scientific and research papers Will try To be paid Analyze and explain the role of NGOs In providing the ground for the participation of the people from the clutches of the administrative bureaucracy for the financial and geographic management of the environmental crises of the metropolises of Iran.

In the study of urban issues in the form of sustainable urban development, it is assumed that if the cost, regardless of equalization mechanisms, is used to develop infrastructure, equipment and urban services, it will intensify the inequality among different classes of urban population. In other words, urban sustainability is a type of sustainable development that encompasses environments and urban spaces. This will be achieved when sustainable development principles and approaches are used as the basis for urban development studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the status of Khorasan Razavi Khorasan provinces in different areas of development and to determine the imbalance in this field using multiple subscripts and multiple indicators. The issue that necessitates this research is to implement provincial-level programs in the field of sustainable development so that both provincial cities in development can achieve a fair level and improve the province's situation throughout the country.

Among the many attractions that exist in the tourism industry in Iran, North of Iran attracts millions of tourists as one of the country's tourism hubs with annual natural heritage. One of the most attractive branches in tourism is the use of attractions in the natural environment, in other words ecotourism Also, due to the increased population and the pressure that enters into the environment, Tourism can also have adverse effects on the environment And the best solution is to develop tourism, especially ecotourism, in a sustainable way. Ramsar also faces a positive and negative growth in the industry. The research methodology is applied, descriptive and analytical, and has been used to collect information through documentary and library methods. The statistical population of this research is Ramsar Environmental Experts And considering the impossibility of conducting research on the whole society, a multi-stage random sampling method has been used. Data were analyzed using Delphi method and SPSS software the results indicate that changing the use of plain and coastal lands, pollution of surface water due to inadequate disposal of wastewater systems and waste collection has damaged the environment of Ramsar.

One of the most fundamental human needs, adequate housing. The mission of the State, proper implementation of the constitution in order to provide affordable housing, In the form of Mehr housing cooperatives, is for the poor and low income households. To achieve this noble goal, all organs of the sub-cabinet have been mobilized. Ministry along with other institutions, implementation of the assigned task, the plan is responsible. In fact, one of the goals of the Ministry of Cooperatives, to create necessary conditions to provide housing for people with low incomes and lack of capital and vulnerable, in the form of cooperatives, and identify these people, and grant necessary facilities to them. On the basis of this, first of all, there must be an evaluation of the previous policies, based on which new planning and policies, that In this study, to assess public housing policies, in urban low-income groups, on Descriptive-correlation method are investigated. The study area, is Saman city. Saman, a city of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, is located at a distance of 22 km northeast of Shahrekord. Saman, due to being on the edge of the river, the area suitable for agriculture, horticulture and attract tourists. For data collection, analysis and evaluation of results, SPSS software was used. Findings of the research show, Generally speaking, government housing policies are not appropriate for low-income groups, and people are not satisfied with government policies regarding housing for low-income groups. As well as those of municipal policies, as representative of the Government, the provision of housing for low income groups in the city, and the implementation of government policies, the provision of housing in this group, as well as how to monitor the implementation of government policies, the provision of housing urban low-income groups, are satisfied, But it seems that social security is not appropriate in Mehr housing.

Increasing of population is caused that water demands in domestic, industry and agriculture sectors are raised. This situation is needed implementing effective decisions to achieve optimal water allocation considering inter basein water transfer, water value and economical issues. This research presents a methodology for optimal water allocation with considering transferred water and users utilities in Qom province. Qom is located in drought area of Iran. In the proposed methodology, Particles Swarm Optimization (PSO) optimization model has been used for optimizating sum of benefit ratio to water allocated amount as goal function. This methodology has been developed in two cases; with and without considering transferred water and users utilities. In the second case, utilities of stackeholdes are considered in two concept: Water value and Strategic management. According to experts’ estimations, for defferent demands some weights of priority have been estimated. The results show better allocation in strategic management and water value concepts.

Isfahan Risbaf factory is one of the remarkable industrial works in Iran. One of the strategies to protect this heritage of industrial architecture is to establish and develop tourism based on its capabilities and values. Regarding this, the present article aims to use the strategic planning approach (technics such as internal factor evaluation (IFE) matrix, external factor evaluation (EFE) matrix and SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) model) and by using SPSS software, the library method and field studies (panel of experts) develop and prioritize the most important strategies for tourism development at Isfahan Risbaf factory. The results of this research indicate that the Isfahan Risbaf factory as a system faces with 9 opportunities and 15 threats (consisting of 6 external factors and 24 indicators) and 32 strength points and 14 weaknesses (including 9 internal factors and 46 indicators). Isfahan Risbaf factory, with its 9 internal factors with a total score of 3.781, and 6 external factors with a total score of 4.023 for establishment and development of tourism, is faced with strength point in internal environment and with opportunity in external environment, respectively. Also, considering that the tourism situation in the Isfahan Risbaf Factory is in section I of the comparative table of internal and external factors, its extraction strategy is "Growth and Construction Strategy".

Today, social capital is defined by social security and has an intra-group character and this is not only that which is not only low in the nomadic society but also very strong and with the inter-group character in the development debate, and with the two-tier relationship between the government and the people, and valuing the people and taking action to empower them, can be achieved with sustainable social capital. On the other hand, increasing social capital in a society by aligning it with security in the nomadic areas that play an important role in creating national security, one of the main strategies for achieving sustainable development in a region. The social security of each society is one of the basic needs. Security in its objective sense is the measurement of the absence of a threat to value; in the mental sense, the lack of fear of being attacked by such values. On the other hand, the economic flourishing of a society, investment, planning for development, progress, and any activity that can be an effective factor in improving the economic, social and other dimensions of society, is possible only with the establishment of security.

Tehran MetropolisIs Faces with demographic and physical changes. Because of many of the rules, regulations and regulations associated with these developmentsHas enjoyedThe diversity and diversity of issuing and regulating authorities this variation has caused problems in some cases And perhaps around the city, different executives and programs can be manipulated and modified. The main question of the present article is that in the framework of the study of the interrelationship between population settlement and employment, the organization of the mother's privacy in Tehran should be based on what strategy? To investigate the research problem, a collection of information has been provided through documentary and library methods The findings of the present study are descriptive-analytic and using expert judgment (Delphi method) and using the field survey method (observation and questionnaire), for analyzing information, the multi-criteria decision making method of Topsis The purpose of presenting a suitable strategy in the management of the privacy of the city of Tehran has been used. The results of the article show thatLack of public participation in privacy protection and change of user has been able to rank first among evaluated issues by integrating models.Of the other issues that are ranked second is the lack of clarification of Tehran's urban area and continuous control, and the lack of specialist expertise in Tehran's urban privacy management, the rule of thumb is a section on population management and activity that is mentioned in the last rankings.

Piraeushri areas have evolved as a conurbation around the city and during urbanization, and have affected the development of metropolitan areas. Therefore, it is essential to take into consideration the concepts and methods of integrated spatial-functional urban management as an appropriate and effective model for the sustainable management of peri-urban areas. Accordingly, this paper examines the concept of impoverishment and its consequences, explores, re-explores and presents a model for integrated urban management in area 22. For this purpose, using the Delphi technique and creating a panel of experts and experts in the field of urban management familiar with the conditions of the spatial area of ​​research; the study of the stakeholders and management actors of the region, the determination and differentiation of their structural and functional status, the identification of the type of relationship and cooperation And their interaction with each other in the current and desirable conditions, and finally a proposed model for management of this region was presented. Also, by identifying the exact roles of each entity (among the five roles of policy, planning, implementation, monitoring and support), losers and winners of the region from the point of view of the panelists and the optimal form of their relationship (horizontal or vertical) and the proper relationship ( Cooperation, Coordination and Co-operation) were reviewed. Finally, the establishment of a Strategic Council of the best mechanism in the present management of this district was introduced. Describing the functions and structure, a management plan was proposed for this area.