Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery
Volume:13 Issue: 1, Winter-Spring 2018

In this study, the general anatomical features of the digestive tube and the transit time of the digestive tube of the Zarudni’s spur-thighed tortoises were examined by contrast radiology.
Design: Experimental study.
Animals: 4 adult female Zarudni’s Spur-thighed Tortoises (Testudo graeca zarudnyi).
Procedures: At a temperature of 25-27°c a set of dorsoventral radiograph was taken to locate the Gastrografin position.
The normal gastric, small intestine and large intestine anatomy were obtained and the mean gastric, small intestine and large intestine transit times were 0.2 hr, 2.1 hr and 27 hr, respectively. Our results showed some differences in the gastrointestinal transit time with that of other species.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: The noninvasive diagnostic imaging techniques provide detailed information concerning gastrointestinal tract. Since there have not been any anatomical and radiological studies on this species in Iran, results of this study can use as a reference in this species.

The studies have been shown that aspirin, an anti-inflammatory agent, could reduce occurrence of different cancers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pharmacological effective concentrations of aspirin with/without radiotherapy on growth rate of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line
Design: Experimental Study
Animals: The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line from rats
Procedures: The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was prepared commercially and cultured. The cultured cells were then separated to labelled tubes and treated for 24 hours with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mg aspirin plus 0.1 mg doxorubicin. Cells were then exposed to radiation. Cell proliferation and survival were measured by MTT assay, following acridine orange and propidium iodide staining methods using spectrophotometry and fluorescence microscopy.
The findings showed that proliferation and survival of the cells treated with 5 mM aspirin followed by radiotherapy were significantly decreased compared to them of the control group (PConclusion and Clinical Relevance: Although anti-proliferative activity of aspirin was lower than that of doxorubicin, it can be considered in combination therapy because of its affordability and cost-effectiveness

This study aimed at evaluation of histopathological findings of application of chitosan- nano selenium biodegradable film on full thickness excisional wound healing in rats.
Design: Experimental Study
Animals: Seventy-two male Wistar rats
Procedures: Animals were randomized into six groups of 12 animals each. Group I: Animals with created wounds and no further treatment. Group II: Animals with wounds were dressed with chitosan film only. Group III: Animals with wounds were treated with sodium selenite. Group IV: Animals with wounds were treated with sodium selenium nanoparticles. Group V: Animals with wounds were dressed with chitosan/ sodium selenite film. Group VI: Animals with wounds were dressed with chitosan/nano sodium selenite film.
There were significant differences in comparisons of group VI and other groups, particularly in terms of cellular infiltration and neovascularization. During the study period, scores for neovascularization was significantly higher in group VI rats than other groups (P Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Chitosan/nano sodium selenite biodegradable film resulted in significant improvement in histopathological indices in full thickness wound healing. Thus, from this study it could be concluded that chitosan/nano sodium selenite biodegradable film have a reproducible wound healing potential and hereby justifies its use in practice.

This study refers to the role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of mammary gland tumor in bitches as a complementary diagnostic method and its ultimate goal is to evaluate the results of mammography with the positive results of ultrasonography.
Design: Prospective study.
Animals: 12 German Shepherd bitches with swollen mass in the mammary gland region (group I) and 12 healthy German shepherd bitches without any swollen mass (group II-healthy group).
Procedures: these bitches were evaluated by ultrasonography and assessment of axillary lymph nodes was performed simultaneously. Also, mammography was performed in these dogs and the results were reported by another radiologist. Finally, all suspected cases were referred for biopsy or surgery, and definite results were announced by the pathologist. In addition to, tumor markers such as carcino emberionic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15.3 (CA 15.3) were detected in all samples (group I and group II).
Based on the results of the 12 cases of suspicious masses evaluated by ultrasonography, 9 cases of tumors (definitive diagnosis with pathological tests) and 3 cases of abscess were reported in the cases of group I. Moreover, tumor markers remarkably increased in the all sera samples of group I compared group II. The average diameter of the mass was 13 mm and the mean diameter of the lymph nodes was 5 mm. In mammography findings due to presence of dense mammary tissue, 18.3% of the cases had negative or only one asymmetric density and the remaining cases (81.7%) were positive.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Based on the results of this study, ultrasonography in diagnosis of mammary gland tumors especially in young bitches can be effective with high sensitivity.

Busulfan(Bus) is a chemotherapy drug that is widely used for cancer treatment. The protective effect of CoQ10 evaluated on testis and sperm parameters after busulfan treatment.
Design: Experimental Study
Animals: Thirty tow adult male Wistar rats
Procedures: In this experimental study 32 adult male Wistar rats have randomly divided into four groups: Control group received normal saline (0.1 mL, daily, intraperitoneally). Sham group received a single dose of busulfan 10 mg/kg, IP. Positive control group received 0.1 mL CoQ10 (10 mg/kg, IP). The treatment group received busulfan along with CoQ10 (10 mg/kg, IP). All procedures were continued for 35 days. For histomorphometric analyses, the thickness of testicular capsule, the germinal epithelium height and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules were measured. Semen analysis was used for the assessment of sperm parameters.
Histomorphometric analyses showed the thickness of testicular capsule was increased in busulfan groups (PConclusion and Clinical Relevance: Administration of CoQ10 in busulfan-treated animals improved histological and sperm quality.

This current study was done to find any correlation between clinical mastitis and lameness occurrence and incidence in dairy farms.
Design: This prospective field trial was done on a case control study basis. Cows were divided into two mastitis and control group and lameness recorded and compared in both groups.
Procedures: This current study was done during 9 month in a dairy herd with 800 milking cows. The mastitis scoring system was based on the International Dairy Federation definitions of mastitis severity from one to three. All cows were trimmed two times annually and also high locomotion score, lame and long toe cows referred for possible inspection and treatment. Records of sole ulcer (SU), white line disease (WLD), Toe Ulcer (TU), heel erosion (HE), digital dermatitis (DD) and interdigital necrobacillosis (INB) were assessed in this study. Data of the lesions up to three month after occurrence of mastitis was followed. 543 cows affected with mastitis were allocated to treatment and the same amount of the cows that didn’t show any mastitis during past three month allocated to control group.
Occurrence of mastitis reduce incidence of digital dermatitis significantly. Lameness except digital dermatitis were higher in mastitis group than control group (PConclusion and Clinical Relevance: Mastitis can play a role in occurrence of claw horn lesions (CHL) and any control program of lameness in the herds with high incidence of CHL should precede with control program of other predisposing or causative factors of this condition. Mastitis besides other infectious causes as a predisposing factor can play a significant role on lameness.

To evaluate and compare the analgesic effects of caudal epidural administration of lidocaine (LIDO), caudal laser radiation and epidural lidocaine plus laser radiation in horses.
Study design: A blinded, randomized, prospective, experimental cross-over study.
Animals: Five healthy horses, 15.7 4.9 years of age, weighing 240 37 kg.
The horses were randomly assigned to receive four treatments (group NS: saline (0.9% NaCl) solution via caudal epidural injection,group L: lidocaine( 2 mg/kg of body weight) via caudal epidural injection, group LLL: laser radiation (3000hrtz- for 10 minute) and group LL: caudal epidural lidocaine injection plus laser radiation at intervals of at least 1 week. Motor and sensory blockade evaluations used by TENS machine. perineal analgesia Anal and vaginal tone was recorded. Positive pain responses were defined as purposeful avoidance movements of the head, neck, trunk, limbs and tail. Absence of attempts to kick, bite and turning of the head toward the stimulation site were used to indicate analgesia.
Analgesia produced in the tail, perineum and upper hind limb in all horses received lidocaine. Statistical analyses assessed sensory and motor stimulation and did not show a significant difference between horses in groups 1, 2, 3, 4 in right and left sides.
Conclusion and clinical Relevance: We concluded that low level laser in combination with caudal epidural lidocaine treatments provided sufficient analgesia in horses, and this treatment is offered a longer duration of analgesia than laser, lidocaine caudal administration although the sensory and motor stimulation did not show significant difference between groups. Low level laser may be effective adjuvants in caudal epidural anesthesia in horses. Our results showed that LLL plus lidocaine may be preferable to a high dose of epidural lidocaine.

The aim of this study was to determine the age of physical maturity and evaluation of radiology and histology of hind limb ossification centers in pigeon.
Design: Fundamental study.
Animals: 14 pigeons.
Procedures: These pigeons were cultivated in identical and standard conditions and radiological and histological tests performed every 7 days to 91 days.
Based on the results of radiology and histology, the hind limb skeletal differentiation in pigeons with the appearance of centers of immature cartilages in diaphyses of the femur, tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus at the end of the first week and the fibula bone at the end of the third week began. Growth sequences in the femur, tibiotarsus, fibula, tarsometatarsus and digits were observed during different stages. The maximum growth of these bones was related to the periods of maximum cartilage activity and their bone formation, and the femur holds steady its growth relation to the length of the skeletal body of the hind limb, although at the end of the fifth week its growth slowed down. The histological findings were based on the examination of the proximal extremity of the femur. The tissue samples at one day were lack of bone marrow and the bone marrow begins to form at the end of the first week. The presence of epiphyseal growth plate in samples and its bone formation was confirmed on the basis of radiology early in the fifth week.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: According to this study, the best time to complete the development of bone formation and the formation of all parts of the hind limb skeleton of the pigeon is probably 35 days after the hatch.

Case Description: Olecranon fractures are frequently encountered in horses especially in foals. External trauma due to kicks or falls is the most common cause of the fracture. Treatment modalities of olecranon fractures including prolonged stall rest and surgical reconstruction of the different types of fractures have been proposed with different outcomes.
Clinical findings: The horse displayed a 75-day duration of right forelimb lameness while galloping. According to the owner the horse had stumbled on his right forelimb and found 2 days in a non-weight bearing stance with a painful swelling felt on the right elbow on palpation.
Treatment and Outcome: This article described nonsurgical management of an olecranon fracture in an adult horse subjected to 2 months complete stall rest. The horse regained soundness and performed his job normally.
Clinical relevance: Information regarding the history, clinical signs, diagnosis, management and long-term prognosis were discussed and compared with the current literature. Uncomplicated olecranon fractures with late referral to the clinic may go unnoticed because of no lameness in physical examinations.

Perivascular wall tumors (PWTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms in the group of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) and are defined as neoplasms deriving from mural cells of blood vessels, excluding the endothelial lining. In the present paper, we describe the gross morphology, histopathology and immunoreactivity of a hemangiopericytoma (HP) as a PWT in a dog with recurrence after surgical excision. The mass was 3-4 cm, solitary, soft, unencapsulated, well circumscribed and grey to brown color. Cut surfaces of the mass contained discrete, round and relatively homogeneous tumors without any lobulation and liquefied foci in the centers. Histologically, the tumor was richly vascularized which arranged in staghorn vessels pattern. The neoplastic cells were uniform in appearance with mild to moderate pleomorphism and had spindle-shaped to oval/round nuclei with vesicular to hyperchromatic chromatin and eosinophilic to the amphophilic cytoplasm with variable amounts of the collagenous stroma. In the immunohistochemical evaluation, proliferating stromal and vascular cells in this tumor demonstrated strong immunoreactivity for vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin. Although, these cells were negative for S100, lysozyme, CD31, and CD34. The present findings show that hemangiopericytoma in dogs can be a locally aggressive behavior with a repeated recurrence that led to the surgical amputation of limbs or even euthanasia of dogs.