Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Spring 2016

The present study was carried out to determine the metabolizable protein (MP) of treated alfalfa, using nylon bags technique. Two fistulated whether with average BW 45±2 kg were used. The data was analyzed using completely randomized design. The experimental treatments were treatments A: control treatment, B: alfalfa treated with 0.4% formaldehyde and chopped before drying sun, C: alfalfa treated with 0.4% formaldehyde and D: alfalfa chopped before drying sun. The incubation times were 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. The degradability parameters of crud protein (CP) for soluble fractions (a) were 8.16, 5.7, 7.15 and 5.88% and fermentable fractions (b) were 72.023, 37.113, 49.11 and 54.35% for treatments of A, B, C and D, respectively. The MP of treatments A, B, C and D were obtained 119.72, 131.39, 132.49 and 127.45 gkg-1DM, showing a significant difference between four treatments. The alfalfa treated with 0.4% formaldehyde had high MP compared to others. These results showed that the processing of alfalfa with formaldehyde and sunlight heat caused high MP.

Forage resources have been assessed with goats in the High Catchment zone of Mandrare in Southern Madagascar. Floristic component, nutritive value of fodder species and goat foraging behaviour have been determined by sampling areas, monitoring, recording, calculating and analysing some parameters floristic index and foraging rhythms. Using one ram, two castrated goats and three ewes, foraging behaviours were examined by sequential recording during two periods (end of dry season and end of wet season). Using Principal Component Analysis, four pasturelands were identified with dominant browse species: Acacia farnesiana, Poupartia caffra, Kigelianthe madagascariensis and Rhigozum madagascariense. Their floristic aspect have been characterized a higher heterogeneity formation (1.04 ± 0.07) and Shannon – Weaver Index (0.18 to 0.95; p < 0.05) and lower pasture value have been recorded (19.14 ± 4.81 %; p<0.05). Acacia farnesiana rangeland has been dominated by shrubs with the highest pasture value and involved in better goat foraging behaviour. Most of the 43 identified species were available dominated by browses species with 12% spines species, a higher bite rate, best pasture and nutritive value have been mentioned in low lands. In fact, the relationships between phytosociology and nutritional parameters allow for improvement of range management and native rangeland restoration.

In this report we described the necropsy and histopathological findings of clostridial enterotoxaemia in 2 Damascus goat kids for the first time. Seven cases of diarrhea occurred among kids in a farm of Damascus goats in Shambat city, Sudan in 2011. All cases died shortly after onset of diarrhea without any apparent symptoms other than diarrhea. Three animals were necropsied, detailed examination of organs was performed and pathological lesions were recorded. All animals were in a good health condition. Necropsy revealed hemorrhagic abomasitis in one case and fibrino-necrotizing enteritis in the other case; while no lesions were recorded in one animal. Impression smear taken from abomasum and small intestine showed clusters of gram positive capsulated bacilli with round ends. Histopathology examination showed hyperemia in submucosa of abomasum along with distension of gastric glands with blood and presence of fibrin exudate in submucosa. Lesions in small intestine were characteristic for fibrino-necrotizing enteritis. Â Â Â Â Â Â

A study was conducted to determine the white cells threshold levels of rabbits exposed to crude oil ingestion in the oil producing region of Niger Delta of Nigeria. a total of thirty four (34) rabbits consisting of two bucks kept separately away from the thirty two (32) does randomly allotted to four treatment groups of A, B, C and D with the following (Bonny light) percentage crude oil inclusion rate per kg of feed mash of 0.0%, 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.03% were used in this study respectively. Each treatment was replicated into two replicates of two does. Results obtained revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in the percentage values of lymphocytes, ersinophils and giant cells- recorded amongst the treated groups. The percentage values of basophils showed that, group B recorded lower values than the root group. It was therefore concluded that, rabbits can tolerate exposure to crude oil ingestion up to 0.03% in formulated feed. The degree of stress imposed can be monitored by studying the leucocytes. Such indices can form useful parameters for laboratory application in clinical examination Â

The study was conducted to investigate the gross responses, meat yield traits and excreta/litter quality of broilers fed diets based on only plant ingredients or conventional diets containing animal protein. A total of 320 day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) was distributed randomly into five treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5), each replicated eight times with eight chicks per replicate in a completely randomized block design. Diets T1 and T2 were formulated with entirely plant ingredients, whereas diets T3 and T4 were conventional, and contained both plant and animal ingredients. Diet T5 was used as control, basically contained plant ingredients except for tallow mixer. All diets were iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous in nature, cold-pelleted and fed the birds ad libitum from d1-35 days. Live weight up to 35d was improved (P<0.05) in the birds that were fed greater (P<0.01) amount of conventional diets (T3, T4) than those on plant-based or control diets. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and performance index (PI) differed significantly (P<0.01) between treatment up to 14 days only. Birds fed conventional (T3 and T4)diets tended to be more efficient in both FCR and PI than those of other diet group, although the differences between treatment were non-significant (P>0.05) on day 35. Mortality was unaffected (P>0.05) between treatment. Excreta pH values and the concentration of ammonia were not influenced (P>0.05) by treatment. Higher (P<0.01) dry matter content was found in the conventional diets (T3 and T4)than the plant-based (T1, T2) or control diets (T5). Except for abdominal fat content, the other meat yield characteristics such as dressing percentage, breast weight, thigh weight, drumstick weight, giblet weight, shank weight, neck weight etc., were not influenced (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. Birds fed conventional diets (T3 and T4) demonstrated increased (P<0.01) abdominal fat content compared to other dietary treatments. Breast weight (%) tended to be increased (P<0.08) in the birds when the birds fed on plant-based diet (T1). In conclusion, the productivity of broilers fed conventional diets was better than those fed on plant-based diets only.

Research work was carried out to determine the impact of vitamin C, E and their synergism on estrogen and testosterone status of rabbits. Twenty four (24) adult rabbits comprising 50:50 ratio of both sexes were used in this study, they were randomly allocated into four Treatment groups designated A, B, C and D with the vitamins added at the following levels 0.00/kg vitamins, 500mg/kg Vitamin C, 3000iu vitamin E/kg and 6000iu vitamin E/kg and 1000mg vitamin C/kg respectively in a Compete Randomized Design (CRD). The study lasted for six (6) weeks with two (2) weeks serving as stabilization period. The results revealed significant impact on the estrogen status amongst the treatment groups (P<0.05). On the hand, there were no significant difference between the treatment groups on the Testosterone status probed (P> 0.05). It was therefore concluded that Vitamine C and E can be used to improve the profile of estrogen of rabbit does. Â

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of supplementing different levels of Aloe Vera gel and garlic powder on performance and liver functions of broiler chickens. For this purpose, one hundred and sixty, one-day-old, Ross chicks were used, in completely randomized design, in four treatments and each with four replicates. The treatment groups consisted of: control group fed only with non-supplemented basal diet, group 2 supplemented with 3% Aloe Vera gel in drinking water, group 3 supplemented with 3%garlic powder in diet and group 4 supplemented with 1.5% Aloe Vera gel in drinking water + 1.5% garlic powder in diet, which were reared for 42 days. The results of this study showed that broilers receiving A. Vera gel + garlic powder had highest final body weight, feed intake and lowest FCR compared to the control groups (P > 0.05). The other results of this study showed that adding A. Vera gel and garlic powder decreased in serum activity of SALP, SGPT and SGOT between the birds receiving A. Vera and garlic powder with other groups (P > 0.05).

The experiment was conducted at the university of Maiduguri teaching and research farm and ten formulations were developed using wheat offal, sorghum husk, and cowpea husk as energy sources and cottonseed cake, poultry litter as protein sources. The result from the rumen degradation shows that at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 hours formulation 7 recorded highest (P<0.05), while formulation 2 recorded lowest (P>0.05) percent degradability. At 72 hours formulation 8 recorded highest (P<0.05) percent degradability, followed by formulation 7 and the lowest was recorded in formulation 2. The highest cost of production was recorded in formulation 8, while the lowest cost was recorded in formulation 1 and 4. The study shows that formulation 7 which has (82%) degradability rate at 72 hours of incubation, with crude protein of 12.08% and with moderate cost of N3, 800.00/100kg has been recommended to be used for feeding ruminant’s animal during the dry seasons when the pasture are of poor quality, which limit their performance.

The objectives of this study were to investigate some histochemical components and to conduct morphometrical study on the liver of the camel. Ten livers of adult dromedary camels were used. The distribution of glycogen throughout the hepatic tissue has been studied with the use of either Best’s carmine, or Periodic Acid Schiff reagent (PAS). The glycogen content of the liver varied from animal to animal, and among lobes and lobules within the same liver. The left lobe and quadrate lobe contained more glycogen than the right and the caudate lobes. In some lobes, the lobules adjacent to subcapsular region of the liver had a larger amount of glycogen compared to the lobules located far from the capsule. Moreover, the cells located directly under the capsule showed intensely stained masses of glycogen. The hepatocytes contained numerous lipid droplets as demonstrated by the modified method of Lillie Ashbrun's Isopropanol Oil Red. The number of lipid droplets varied from moderate to numerous in the hepatocytes of all livers examined. The distribution of the glycogen and lipid showed a distinct lobular pattern; where the hepatocytes located at the peripheral zones of the lobules contained by far more of these two substances than the centrolobular cells. The mean absolute volume of the fresh liver was about 6692 cm3. Morphometric data of the components of the liver as percentages from the absolute volume were as follows; the hepatocytes (79.60%), the blood vessels and hepatic sinusoids (12.38%), the connective tissue (7.70%), and the bile duct and ductules (0.30%). The morphometric analysis indicated that the left hepatic lobe had the largest amount of connective tissue. Also the left lobe and quadrate lobe presented a high percentage of blood supply.Â

An in vitro gas production technique was used in this study to elucidate the effect of active live yeast on gas production. The treatment contained 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) per kg of biscuit waste based on DM, respectively. 2 h after incubation time the treatment with Sc 7.5 g/kg DM had the highest gas production (P<0.05). At the early incubation times (4 and 6 h), the treatments 1 and 2 (treatment with Sc, 0 and 2.5 g/kg DM, respectively) had the highest gas production volume among treatments, but up to 8 h the gas production volume in treatment 4 (treatments with Sc, 7 g/kg DM) was the lowest gas production volume (p<0.05). It was concluded that in vitro gas production valueof biscuit waste was improved with addition of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 2.5 g/kg DM, but Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 5 and 7.5 g/kg DM decreased gas production volume.