فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال هشتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 33، زمستان 1397)

In order to achieve sustainability in agriculture, the need for modern water resources management in order to protect and optimize the use of this vital source can be an effective step in sustainability programs. Therefore, one of the ways to achieve agricultural water management, good governance Is a village In this research, we seek to investigate rural well-being in agricultural water management in the villages of Quchan city. The research method is analytical. For analyzing the data, SPSS software and Fuzzy Mamdani model have been used. The results of fuzzy model of Mamadani showed that in the result of good rural governance level in agricultural water management, the final naphasian output as the output of the fuzzy inference system in MATLAB software is equal to 0.39, which has a low utilization rate based on good rural governance indicators The study explains that among these indicators, after determining the membership function and normalizing the data, the range of significance is as follows: accountability index, accountability, collective agreement, equity and equality, legitimacy, transparency and openness and participation They have received it. In the following, using the path analysis test, direct and indirect effects of each of the good rural governance indicators on agricultural water management were studied. The results showed that the collective agreement index with the Beta coefficient was 0.67, the transparency index And openness with a Beta coefficient of 0.432 is the highest and lowest direct effect of good rural governance in managing agricultural water resources.

Abstract Rapid urbanization, services and health and care infrastructures inequalities between geographical regions have been led to imbalance in population and activities. Statistical populations of this research are 14 counties of Tehran province based on 2011 national political division. 57 indices from health and care section of national population and housing consensus of 2011 have been selected and analyzed. For assessing distribution of indices Coefficient of variant (C.V), for leveling TOPSIS, VIKOR, SAW, CAPLAND for combination of models, geographically weighted regression  to determining relationship between population and indices in the Arc GIS were used. The research findings indicate inappropriate distribution in the health and care indices between counties of Tehran province. Based on final leveling, Tehran and Firouzkouh are in first level, Damavand, Shemiranat, Robat-Karim, are placed in second level, and in third level, Pishva, Pakdasht and Ray are located. In turn, Islamshahr, Shahriar, and Varamin are in fourth level and finally, Malard, Qods and Baharestan are placed in fifth level. Finally, the results of GWR indicate that the relationship between people and factors distribution is positive in Tehran, Shemiranat, Firouzkouh, Damavand, Pakdasht, Robat-Karim but in turn, is negative in Pishva, Varamin, Ray, Islamshahr, Baharestan, Shahriar, Malard and Qods. These means that, the increase of population  were not equal to increase in facilities. Then,  spatial inequality in regional level is very high and are not in good consistent with concepts of social and spatial justice. Therefore, it is necessary to consider balanced distribution based on population and Geographical situation.

Abstract
In era of globalization and the influx of communication technologies and extensive human interaction space with the help of cyberspace, identity and belonging are fading concepts that on the one hand and the other in a state of change and evolution. The identity of the agent identifying himself against others, on the one hand indicator of similarities and on the other hand highlights the difference. Identity can be introduced as a sychological-cultural concept, that foundation image, perception, tasks and interaction with others. Rather, a subjective concept that is constantly interacting with objective phenomena. Identity, also, interact with spatial concepts, and give objectivity to concepts and perception formed in the geographical phenomena to stabilize and strengthen. In this paper, we review the definitions and characteristics of identity, the relationship of this concept with key concepts in geography such as place, space, scale, border, state and territory.

Today, the tourism industry is influenced by several factors, one of the most important parameters of the tourism climate. Climate and tourism are closely linked so that the climate affects the environmental resources, the duration and quality of tourism, the health of tourists, the personal experiences of tourists, and the choice and the decision to travel. Various indicators have been presented to study the status of the tourism climate. The purpose of this study was to assess the climate conditions and characteristics in the development of tourism processes in Isfahan province, which examined the tourism climate indices for the years 2009 to 2013. The results obtained from climate models and comparison of results with the actual climate of Isfahan show that TCI, PET and PMW indices have better explanatory power than Baker. The results show that the fluctuations of the city of Isfahan were different in different months of the year. Based on the calculations made in each of the five stations, the April, May, September and October months showed the highest numerical values of the TCI Index of Isfahan, which have ideal conditions. According to the Baker index, the May, April, September and October months are airy and mild, and people with normal wear and tear are comfortable, and on PET and PMW indicators, the comfort conditions for tourists are provided in September. In fact, it can be admitted that most of the methods considered September to be the best month in terms of comfort that humans feel comfortable in this month, and in the months of January, February and December, which are cold months, the climate of the province is affected by climatic systems, which are unfavorable conditions in this There are months and humans do not feel over the course of these months.

Abstract Iran's geopolitics have unbreakable ties with its neighbors and we can say that many of Iran's geopolitical issues and challenges have origins in peripheral countries. The purpose of this article is review of Afghanistan's most influential geopolitical issues in particular drug transit and border insecurity on Iran's security. The main issue of the paper is that how the Afghanistan geopolitics in the field of drugs and border security has Iran's security affected? The results of this paper show that Iran is the geopolitical highway in the Middle East in a way, the geopolitical challenges of the periphery have a significant impact on its security and insecurity. Afghanistan due to the non-integrated, decentralized and non-national political, security and ethnic structure as well as a black and non-transparent economy based on the cultivation, production and export of narcotics confronted strongly defends Iran's national security in the economic and frontier area. Given this introduction in this article will try by using library resources as well as scientific and research articles to be paid analyze and explain the influential geopolitical issues of Afghanistan, in particular drug tenseness and border security insecurity on Iran's security.

Abstract Today, the study of various economic sectors, especially with the approach of business cycles, has expanded greatly. The economic behavior of central or state governments prior to the election is one of the topics that is being studied under the heading of "business political cycles." The study of the behavior of local governments or municipalities is one of the areas that began in the eighties. The purpose of these studies is to examine the behavior of municipalities before the city council elections in order to influence the composition of the votes. In this study, the study of commercial political cycles with regard to the effect of elections on the development costs of the twenty municipalities of Khuzestan province has been studied using the model of Varpenel. The municipal budget and the livelihoods of the elections as independent variables and municipal development costs are the dependent variable of this model. The results of the model estimation show that it is not possible to conclude that there are commercial political cycles for municipalities.

Abstract Management of underground resources has a special priority in arid and semi-arid in Iran. Increasing underground resources is one of the useful ways for providing water requirements during the drought years, The main objective of this study was for mapping underground dam in the basin of Gaz River in Hormozgan Province was selected. Accordingly, using regional analyzes and analyzes, digital elevation models, satellite information, hydrological characteristics, geology and meteorology were investigated in appropriate software, especially GIS, in remote sensing, and eventually Three sites were suggested. After preliminary examinations and field visits from selected sites, site number 2 was selected as the prime and priority site. The site is geologically located on sandstone and conglomerate units, and a small Chilean sand gravel with good permeability. Quaternary sediments including alluvium and alluvial terraces are also seen at the margin of the flood zone of Gaz river with acceptable permeability. The surface slope of the river was estimated at 2.5%, which is topographically prone to underground dam construction. The reservoir drainage area of the proposed site is estimated to be 777600 cubic meters per day and the reservoir will be filled in for about 69 days. Therefore, with proper management, it is possible to drain 3-4 times per year. Thus, the annual drainage capacity of the dam is estimated at 3,110,400 cubic meters in four turns.

Abstract Identifying the natural features of each region, especially of the climate, can play an important role in land planning and development and make it progress. Hormozgan province in the south of the country and the poor rainfall and air temperature is relatively high. In this research, we tried to use some popular traditional classification criteria such as De Martonne, Gorzninsky, Thronthwaite, Emberget, Selyaninov, Ivanov and Dr. Karimi to identify the region's climate. Then, the location of the provinces in the traditional classification should be specified. The research method used in this descriptive - analytic study. The required data were collected from the Haji Abad, Minab, Qeshm, Bandarlenge, Rudan, Jask and Bandar Abbas Meteorological stations from 2002 to 2017. Based on the calculations done to determine the type of climate in Hormozgan province, the De Martonne index shows a climatic type. Grosczynski, Thronthwaite, Selyaninov, Ivanov and Karimi show the two climates in the province. Emberget index shows four climates for different regions of the province. In most indices, Minab, Hajiabad, and Rudan cities have similar climates and two cities of Bandarlenghe and Jask were more similar in climatic conditions.

Considering that Iran is a one of the disaster-prone countries in the world, so Planning in advance of a crisis of important issues that should be noteworthy in organizations such as urban management, the prevention of disasters and other institutions and organizations that affected somehow in urban management. disaster management creations With the widespread utilizes of all factors in the optimization actions and reduce the damage caused by the disaster and deal intelligently and Program-based. In recent years,Construction of Disaster Management support bases Ongoing exposure by organization of prevention and Disaster Management in a country. One of the Notable items before the Construction this bases is evaluate and select the appropriate location for Establishment of This type of land uses. In this paper, locating disaster management bases has been studied in Gorgan city.For this purpose, the first step have been formulated and detect parameters and Effective measures at locate the these bases and with Using Theoretical bases of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) have been investigated to calculate the parameters weighting with using the software EXPERT CHOICE and then according to the ability of geographic information system (GIS) As spatial Analyzer on Solving of complex urban problems and define the Specified parameters to data layers, and Has been applied the such ability of this system to prepare, collate and analyze the layers and eventually the proper place for the establishment of these bases is offered.

City is an integral system that must be integrated with management, and here one can use integrated urban management modification, because unit management saves urban costs. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors affecting Tehran metropolitan city metropolitan management system for integrated urban management. The present research is a descriptive-survey method based on the purpose of applied research, based on the nature of the data and the method of collecting, for creating managerial understanding and knowledge in the urban management area of Tehran metropolis and integrated urban management. The statistical population is the experts and experts in the field of urban management in Tehran. Based on the conceptual model and the path analysis, the factors affecting the urban management structure and their effects were identified What is important is the key role of citizen participation in integrated urban management from the point of view of respondents. . Which according to the results of Swat table for Tehran metropolis; Local authorities consensus on the necessity of urban development and the necessity of inter-organizational coordination, the legalization of organizations and the prevention of the interference of unrelated groups in their duties (national and local) The requirement to observe the laws and also change them according to the needs of the day, acceptance of the people's inclination and the opportunity to participate in their own destiny and create more opportunities and opportunities for using the potential of the private sector in the execution of affairs is proposed.

Abstract National security, citizenship rights and tourism development are including the foundations of the political, social, and economic life of human societies in the 21st century that of course there are two categories of software and hardware requirements. General rights and jurisprudence, especially in our country, are the requirements of software for national security, citizenship and tourism. One of the rules that is has the right potential to promote national security, citizenship and tourism rights in our country Is the rule of no injury loss the main question of this article is that how can the rule of no injury loss affect the national security, citizenship and tourism development? the hypothesis we are testing to answer this question is that seams national security and civil rights, as well as tourism development requires the emergence of a general, internal sense of security both inside and outside the country and this goal is not only secured through material means of security and the rule of no injury loss can contribute to this goal by planning on a micro and macro level. The results of this article also show that application of the rule of no injury loss legal and fiqh principle can reduce planning and policy costs and alleviating administrative problems to promote national security, citizenship and tourism development. Given this introduction this paper will attempt to use library resources analyze and explain the results of the jurisprudential and legal rules of the lawyer and lawyer in the areas of national security, citizenship rights and development of tourism are addressed.

Abstract During the last century, world industrial development, globalization and international competitions has led countries into a race of unlimited economic growth. Encountering the negative effects of economies based on mass production and consumption caused many countries to search for an alternative paradigm for development. With acceptance of new ideas such as cleaner production and industrial ecology, several countries adopted Eco-Industrial park policy as a tool for achieving sustainable development. Therefore, the purpose of this article is planning an eco-industrial park in Karaj Shahrestan. For this purpose, case study research has been applied. The study scope is Karaj Shahrestan and using secondary data, the applicability of an eco-industrial park has been analyzed. Findings of research show that considering potentialities of Shahrestan, between different themes of EIPs (including: Agro-EIP, Resource Recovery EIP, Renewable Energy EIP, Power planet EIP and Petrochemical EIP), Agro-EIP is most appropriate theme for Karaj shahrestan. This Agro-EIP is planned with 160 ha Area and for employment of 3000 employees and its potential members are food processing cluster, dense food production crops (greenhouse and aquaculture farming), urban and agricultural waste recycling plant, solar thermal energy production plant, anaerobic wastewater treatment and educational institutions. This EIP can create some water, material and energy exchanges between its members and hence helps to closing the industrial ecosystem and moreover, by developing urban farming, helps to reduction of food production and consumption distance, improvement of local micro-climate, carbon dioxide balance in the cities, promote biodiversity, and leads to improvement of urban environment.

Abstract
The city's environment as a source and sign of mental images and memories are remarkably evolving, and each individual has a sense of belonging due to the imagination he has of the urban environment. Therefore, the recognition of the factors that lead to the relationship between the urban environment and mental perceptions is imperative that the lack of attention to it leads to a cultural breakdown, and the relation between mental imagery as a constant factor and the physical structure of the city as a variable one creates a balance between the city and the people that causes the presence of people in it. This study is conducted with the purpose of investigating the role of mental images in creating a sense of belonging to the neighborhood and its relationship with the sense of belonging and affiliation to the Shotorban historical neighborhood of Tabriz as a case study. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is through field surveys and using a questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient and single-sample T-test and SPSS software were used to achieve goals and answer questions. The results show that there is a direct and significant relationship between the citizens' mental image and the attachment sense, (Double Domain Test P<0.05, n=384, r=0.64) And given the physical mental image (p=0.001,t=4.44),social mental image(p=0.029 ,t=2.20), semantic mental image(p=0.001 ,t=9.27) , have a positive impact on the sense of belonging. Then semantic mental images with a standardized coefficient (beta) of 0.47 have the most effect on the sense of belonging. Also, the sense of belonging in Shotorban neighborhood is significantly higher than average.

It is safe to say all sectors involved in human life in his satisfaction of his life , unfortunately district in the level of old tissue Nazli in this respect . sarshoor neighborhood in the center of the historic city of Mashhad mega - including valuable tissues historical and at the same time a worn out , which is facing problems for bodily exhaustion , inefficiency of performance, environmental problems and … heavily on the satisfaction of its residents . The purpose of this research measure effect on the amount of components in the context of satisfaction . - descriptive and analytical research method of application - type of development . gathering information as both a library - documents ( review existing plans and quantities of letters , etc.) and field - a survey ( observation , questionnaire and interview … ) , the number of questionnaires using the Cochrane 80 was estimated to number between residents and simple random distribution and were collected. Analysis of the information collected by Topsis method . the findings of this study showed that among the factors effective in enhancing satisfaction ( in the context of " tend to attending religious services , " 7116 / 0 , access to daily or weekly shopping centres with a score of 649 / 0 and quality of access to public transport by a factor of 6158 / 0 including are the factors that can promote satisfaction indicators contributing in the Sarshoor . The findings indicate that a comprehensive and in the immediate area also has a direct impact on the world and satisfaction orientation nose neighbourhood residents are in this regard the ideology of discussions about the neighborhood is honest and willingness to attending religious services was the top scorer .

Increasing growth of urban development and decrease in the quality of living conditions in cities on one hand and replacing quality approaches instead of paying attention to the quantity standards on the other hand has led to raising issues such as urban livability which can be discussed in different aspects , areas and scales. Unlike the regular way of studies in the field of livability seeing it as the status of a place , the idea of the present research is livability as a subordinate phenomenon caused by the nature of the factors forming the developments of urbanism and urban life. Hence, considering the location under study )District 12 ( , identifying the livability of central district Tehran is subject to recognizing the factors and processes of development in Tehran's urban system and the transformations in the central district of this. The finding of this research that is based on library and field study ( filling out questionnaire in snowball sampling method from elite academic lecturers and the selected experts of municipality) and Freedman test for testing the rate of effects of the questions shows that macro factors such as extending the capitalism relations, oil-based economy , industry orientation , modernism , decisions, rules and urban plans, demographic transformations and environmental factors are the most important factors affecting urban developments in Tehran and following it, the condition of livability in district 12. Hence, the condition of livability of a place can be attributed to some factors beyond minor local factors.

Many Urban in the country are faced with the problem of worn texture. Hence, approaches were used to solve the problem and to rebuild worn out texture, which were purely physical and had less social, cultural and spatial dimensions. A new approach to social activism in the process of rebuilding is a good urban governance approach. Emphasizing this attitude, in this research, we tried to study the level of good urban governance indicators in the process of recreation of Tajrish neighborhood. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data collection was done using library and field methods. The data were also analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (single sample T and Friedman tests). The results show that the good governance situation is undesirable in the upgrading process, and the highest mean is the indicators of accountability and efficiency, and the rule of law and strategic indicators are ranked the lowest with the lowest average.

Metasut is based on a resource-based theory. The theory believes that unique resources and capabilities form the basis of continuous and sustainable competitive advantage. Accordingly, cultural tourism objectives can identify sustainable competitive advantages through strategic planning and the recognition of cultural resources than competitors. In this research, cultural tourism of Sanandaj city was examined at two national and regional levels in competition with rival destinations. The method of this research is descriptive-analytic. The research tool was a questionnaire based on meta-swat technique, which was surveyed by 80 experts from the research. The results showed that the most important competitor of cultural tourism in Sanandaj is Shiraz city and the most important regional competitor in Hamedan. . The most important source of tourism in Sanandaj is traditional music and clothing. Among the external factors, the increase in investment incentives has the highest necessity and power, the security of the region is of high necessity and medium power, the diversity and enrichment of the local economy, the creation of regional balance and the greater attention of the city and the city council with high power and necessity There are a few.

Abstract Every year around 400 aircrafts are retired and taken out of service worldwide that is expected to increase steadily as aviation industry expands. The number of end-of-life airplanes is anticipated to research 12000 to 14000 in ca. two decades. Final safe and proper disposal of end-of-life aircrafts is recongized as a great environmental concern in many developed countries The main objective of this research was to evaluate the curent situation of waste management in aviation industry in Iran as well as examining the appropriate strategies for management of end-of-life aircrafts, emphasizing on aircraft waste recycling and its enviro-economic impacts. The current situation of the Iran’s air fleet has been investigated in this context followed by evaluation of the amount of recyclable aluminum from end-of-life aircrafts. Energy saving and carbon fotprint reduction as a result of aircraft recycling as well as its economic benefits were deterimned. Results indicated that more than 157358 Giga Joule could be saved through proper management of end-of-life aircrafts in Iran. In addition, carbon dioxide emission from this sector can be reduced by more than 12539 ton and financial benefit of 194830064000 Rials would be achieved by recycling of aluminum from end-of-life aircrafts of Iran aviation fleet. Obtained results quantitatively demonstrated significant environmental and economical benefits from proper management of aircraft wastes in aviation industry suggesting serious planning and promotion of recycling programs for end-of-life aircrafts in Iran.

Abstract
One of the most important factors in the development of tourism is the ability of cities to enjoy the potentials and attractions of this area.The present study was conducted to evaluate and evaluate the potential of Shams Tabrizi's Tomb in tourism evelopment and tourist attraction in the middle of Khoy, in terms of the nature of the type of applied research that has been developed by the method of document data collection and library studies Field scrolling is also done using a researcher-made questionnaire and observation. The population of the survey was Khoy tourists in the summer of 1396, and the samples were randomly selected - available, and a total of 200 questionnaires were distributed, completed and collected. Data analysis was done at descriptive and inferential levels using SPSS software. One sample t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. For analysis by software, after removal of defective and incomplete questionnaires, 185 complete questionnaires were approved for evaluation.Findings of the research indicate that Shams Tabrizi's Tomb in Khoy is considered as the largest capacity to attract domestic and foreign tourists, and this tomb is a very strong cultural center in the city for tourism development.

Abstract Destroying or decreasing agricultural land use causes planners to pay attention to the principles of sustainable development. Agricultural land use is one of the most important ecological structures that cause the continuation of ecological processes in settlements. The aim of this study was to measure the agricultural land use changes and physical consequences in Khomam district in Rasht city. For this purpose, using descriptive-analytical research method, the method of collecting documentary and field information, was observation. Thus, firstly, land use changes were extracted during field observations and then interviewed with the villagers and councils in the field of changes. The results show that the findings of this research indicate that a lot of land has been allocated to second homes, so field observations and outputs of the questionnaire indicate that a wide range of gardens and agricultural lands, especially in larger villages and tourism destinations change land use and converted into second homes, tourist towns, residential complexes. Also, the findings indicate that most tourism effects are on agricultural and garden lands. During the last decade, garden lands have changed and service occupations have become more than the past.

Considering the importance and role of rural tourism and the duties of the sovereignty of the Cultural Heritage Organization, handicrafts and tourism in planning and policy makers of the country in this area, actions and plans have been carried out with various topics and development issues. In order to realize the goals and operational planning and applied to identify the villages with the capacity and potential of tourism as the leading areas of rural tourism destination, which in each province, according to its capacity, includes a number of villages and in the province of Guilan, 5 The target tourism village approved and studied in this study will be considered.The descriptive - analytical research methodology was applied with the purpose of this research and presented the optimal patterns of tourism development in the villages of Guilan province. The research method was library research and field survey data was collected by survey method. Data analysis was performed using T-test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey. Its results in all villages indicate the relationship between rural tourism development in the villages of tourism destination of Guilan province and effective factors on the executive patterns in the study area. In the end, based on the results of field studies, the topographical and natural conditions of the village, observations and oral interviews with the villagers, a tourism model was proposed for each village.

Abstract In addition to its oil as a huge source of wealth that can serve as the engine of economic growth in oil-rich countries, it can act as a barrier in the path of progress economies.So, that is striking how to manage the oil revenues into account the well-being of future generations as one of the basic principles of sustainable development.Meanwhile, oil producing countries are able to optimize the allocation of resources to infrastructure projects provide a good platform for sustainable development.And And on the other hand, with the creation of oil rents, which in turn is rooted in mismanagement, create a barrier strong macro-economic growth indicators. The aim of this study is to analyze the sustainable development indicators in the world's major oil-exporting countries (30 countries) using 23 indicators (environmental, economic and social).And applied research is descriptive-comparative method. To analyze the data, method I (multi-criteria decision-making methods) have been used.The results of the study show that, in 2006, as Norway, Canada and the United State of America has the highest ratio command prompt (Q), in terms of development indicators remain in good health.And in 2012, respectively countries, Australia, Norway and Canada have the highest ratio command prompt. And the least the country in the last two years ranked countries are located, is Iraq.In the meantime, Iran in 2006 with the command prompt (03125 / 0-) in twenty-seventh place in 2012 with the (02345/0) climbed to twenty-second place among the thirty largest exporter of oil were .

Abstract Ecotourism is the most sustainable form of tourism, so today it is described as one of the important development criteria. In this research, after preparation maps of 17 ecotourism index including altitude, vegetation density, vegetation type, land use and land cover, gradient (in terms of tourist attraction), geographic orientation, slope (in terms of domain stability) Sensitivity to erosion, landslide sensitivity, earthquake sensitivity, distance from the road, distance from the river, distance from the spring and well, distance from the village, distance from the city, distance from attraction Natural tourism and distance from holy places, map of the potential areas of ecotourism development in Dena county in northern Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province with an area of over 1575 square kilometers was prepared using fuzzy quantifiers and different decision making scenarios under the OWA algorithm. According to the  analytical network process, the landslide susceptibility index and geographic direction had the highest and the least relative importance regarding identifying ecotourism development areas among the indicators studied. The suitable areas for the development of ecotourism in the county of Dena from the total area of the region in the highly optimistic decision-making scenario to there is no suitable area in the highly pessimistic decision-making scenario. In highly optimistic decision-making scenario, if at least one of the indices in the region is recognized as suitable for ecotourism, then that area in the final compilation map is considered suitable for the ecotourism. In the highly pessimistic decision-making scenario, all indices in the region should be is recognized as suitable for ecotourism, so that the area in the final compilation map is suitable for ecotourism.

Abstract In each organization, including production and service, the most important factor for maintaining and surviving the organization are their customers. On the other the best path to victory in the competition is customer orientation and obtaining customer satisfaction; because the main driver in business organizations who are looking for major improvements in their path to progress. Customers are those organizations. Therefore, organizational knowledge management is very important. The main purpose of this research is investigating the Role of Organizational Knowledge Management In increasing satisfaction of customers of Sadegard Bank in Golestan province. The main question of the article is that are geographic components of organizational knowledge management contributing to increasing customer satisfaction? To answer this basic question, the hypothesis we are trying to test is that organizational knowledge management seems to have a positive and significant effect on increasing customer satisfaction. The present research is in terms of the type of applied target the type of research method is descriptive-survey and correlation type. The library method was mainly used to study the literature of the subject and to review the history of research and familiarization with the experiences and knowledge of organizational knowledge management inside and outside Iran. Data were collected through a questionnaire and multi-stage cluster sampling. The statistical population of the research includes employees of the Sadegard Bank of Golestan Province.We use the Morgan table to estimate sample size.Sample size was 54. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with a reliability of 0.88. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results of dissertation showed that organizational knowledge management has a direct and significant effect on increasing the satisfaction of customers of Saderat bank in Golestan province and all of the geographical components of organizational knowledge management have a direct and significant effect on customer satisfaction.

Temperature is one of the most important climate parameters affecting yield production. In the present study, the critical threshold of heat stress for wheat cultivation in Fars Province was evaluated and the equations for each critical threshold is presented. For this purpose, 14 active stations of Fars Province were selected. According to the climatic conditions of the region, three thresholds of temperature of 30, 35 and 40 degrees Celsius were selected and the days when the maximum daily temperature was higher than these thresholds were studied. Also, due to the importance of heat stress at night, the number of days when the air temperature was at least 20 degrees Celsius was also determined. Finally, according to the results, the mapping of thermal stresses in Fars Province was presented .The evaluation results showed that the southern part of Fars Province consists mainly Larestan, Mohr and Khonj and northwestern parts including Kazeroon and Mamasani are more susceptible to heat stress and larestan and mamasani more than other areas suffer from stress. In most cases, periods of heat stress coincide during germination and flowering of wheat culture in Fars Province. Maps provided by climatological analysis helps to agriculture managers to estimate probability of favorable or unfavorable atmospheric events in later stages of crop development with high accuracy.

The present paper is about evaluation of Tabriz city management's performance after the establishment of the city council. The main question of the research is whether the Islamic Council of the Metropolis of Tabriz had a decent performance after the establishment of the Islamic Council? The research method is descriptive and applied. As a result of this study, it is a developmental study and is considered as a cross-sectional study in terms of time. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of the municipality of 10 areas of Tabriz and a number of residents of Tabriz, which is obtained through the Morgan table, and also the Likert scale has been used. Statistical analysis of the findings was done using SPSS software. The final objective of the study is to evaluate the performance of the council of Tabriz Metropolis in terms of the effectiveness of the councils in planning, implementation, supervision in the management of the metropolitan city of Tabriz and creating a suitable platform for the functioning of the councils in the field of coordination with the city's responsible institutions for the implementation of integrated metropolis management in Tabriz is. The results of the research showed that the administrative performance of the Islamic Council of Metropolis of Tabriz was at the appropriate level.

Abstract Nowadays, urban landscape under the effects of visual distortions and disturbances assigned an unfavorable image which has led this research to investigate the role of beautification in improving the quality of urban landscape with the aim of analyzing the relationship between the urban landscape and high-rise buildings at Elgoli boulevard of Tabriz within 45 meters width to increase the visual quality of the urban landscape of the study area between Elgoli entrance and Khayyam square. The research method is mainly descriptive, analytical and field studies. The most important part of research which examines its findings is based on the field studies, shooting and observational data of  the study area in Elgoli street  by using a questionnaire, expert and library analysis of the field observations on both sides of the street. The statistical consists of expert administrators of this field, professors and students of  architecture and citizens including tradespeople, residents and passers-by whitin the scope of the study. Data analysis is done through the SPSS software. Also by consideration to the Cronbach Alpha coefficient of the objective and subjective quality of the questionaire which is 0.697 and 0.613 respectively, the reliability of the both mentioned parts are acceptable. The research results indicates that in the objective quality evaluation, all of the three proposed groups are administrators, citizens, experts and specialists respectively which are the most un-satisfied groups regrding the current situation. While in the subjective quality assessment the order of importance for the mentioned groups is: citizens, administrators, experts and specialists.

Abstract Studying the spatial structure of urban systems has recently earned lofty position. An interaction between settlements is considered in new regional system. Although ongoing efforts toward decentralization of Tehran metropolitan are pursued, developments of educational poles have been reduced in certain axis during the recent years. However, in conformity with comprehensive surveys, it is obviously distinguished that the role of education has been ignored in metropolitan regions. To the same token, Tehran metropolitan spatial structure analysis is also made by using analytical method from 1996 to 2013. Furthermore, it is also maintained that the effect of educational poles in mutation of the spatial structure of Tehran metropolitan, specifically the Universities located in Firoozkooh and Haraz road from the beginning of 1986 to 2013. As a result, it is assumed that the spatial structure of Tehran metropolitan is becoming balanced system which is going to be transformed into polycentric urban region by considering the hierarchical and network analysis.Surveying the Entropy index,strength of links and centrality of the nodes, illustrate that the creation of Azad University has given rise to acceleration of travel flows with remarkable growing trend over the recent years which leads to be one of the factor of changing the pattern of Tehran Metropolitan Area structure from monocentric to polycentric.

Currently, tourist loyalty is considered as one of the most important criteria that can determine tourism destination success. Therefore, tourism destinations attempt to attract new tourists and make the current ones loyal through creating a powerful and unique brand for themselves. Therefore tourism destination brand personality and its effect on the tourist behavioral intentions are the most important issues that is focused by tourism destinations. This is why the present study aims to study the effect of brand personality of Tehran tourism destination on the tourist self-concept congruence with this destination and its revisit intention. The present study is a practical and descriptive research from perspectives of goal and methodology of research respectively. The statistical population of this study includes the inbound tourists who traveled to Tehran in summer 2016 and visited the Nature Bridge in this city. A sample of 216 tourists was selected conveniently. In order to collect the research data, a researcher-developed questionnaire (including 30 items) was used, which has been developed based on the literature review. It should be noted that the reliability and validity of questionnaire were investigated and conformed before its utilization. In order to analyze the research data and test the hypotheses, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the SPSS and Lisrel. The results of this study showed that all dimensions of tourism destination brand personality (including simplicity, responsibility, emotionality, activity, and aggressiveness) affect tourist self-congruence and revisit intention significantly. Another part of our results revealed that tourist self-congruence affects revisit intention significantly.

Abstract Asa lucrative industry, tourism has attracted the attention of many countries. Because of possessing rich historical, cultural and natural attractions, a lot of tourists can be attracted to Iran with an appropriate planning, in this aspect, the historical texture of Khoy city is of a high potential in terms of cultural heritage and tourist attractions. This study seeks to investigate the relationship between revitalization of historical texture and tourism development and identify the most important determining criteria for restoring historical texture of Khoy city with a tourism approach. This study was considered as an applied research in terms of objective, and as a statistic sample in terms of research method and statistical population of the people above 18 and the sample size using the Cochran formula of 379 citizens and 20 experts of the historical texture of Khoy city were figured out as a statistical sample. The sampling method is a purposeful sampling. A total number of 379 questioners were distributed among households of the study area. The four physical, economic, social and environmental criteria were chosen to evaluate the revitalization of the historical texture of Khoy city with a tourism approach. In order to analyze the data, multivariate process (ANP) have been utilized. Based on the network analysis process in the historical context of Khoy, the economic and physical criteria are of the highest impact in the revitalization of its historical texture, and regarding the multivariate linear regression model, the economic criterion for rebuilding with a tourist approach, has gained the highest degree of importance and priority.

Abstract Prosperity is a wide concept that has been proposed by united nations in association with balanced and harmonic development in an environment with fairness and justice. This concept has been introduced by united nations with six variables including 1- Efficiency factors 2- urban supervision 3- environment sustainability 4- social including 5- infrastructure development 6- urban governance and legislation. On the other hand the concept of accessibility has been proposed from the majority of urban planning theorists as a significant element in promoting urban life quality. In this research with an analytic – descriptive approach and with a goal of defining accessibility status and the factors which have effect on it, in various regions of Shiraz city, we have analyzed the effects of this index in developing urban prosperity index. Afterwards in order to quantitating and collecting needed data for each index and in order to gain the goal of the research, questionnaires for mutual comparing has been designed and distributed among 60 planning, urban planning and urban design specialists in two categories urban management and university and with initial surveys 30 questionnaires has been omitted from the research procedure. For data analysis and assessment of urban prosperity and accessibility indexes in regions Fuzzy - AHP model has been used and according to the weighs received, accessibility index with significance coefficient 0.143 has scored high and among urban prosperity indexes ranked in the forth place that could be a reason of situating this index among major urban prosperity indexes.

The geography of Iraq's Ajim during the course of the Ilkhani period has been discussed. The strategic and important position of the Iraqi province is the Ajim from the point of view of commercial relations and the important role that this region links between the capitals of the Ilkhanites in the northwest of Iran with other The central areas of the central plateau, the distinction of the Iraqi Ajm province with the urban centers of south and southwest Iran in terms of the severity of the injuries caused by the initial incursion of the Mongols, the need to rebuild the Iranian urban centers after the Muslim period of the Ilkhans, The structure of the Ilkhani state in the Muslim period and the necessity of adhering to the internal requirements of patterns New governance and other reasons, all of which can be combined as a set of factors, in order to clarify the effect of the geographic location of Iraqi Ajim on the development of the educational system of the Ilkhanic system, especially in the Ilkhian Muslim period.

Oryza sativa is one of the crops which can be cultivated in warm and humid climates with relatively high rainfall or large areas of terrestrial water and underground water. One of the most suitable region for rice growing is the northern provinces of Iran. In this study, the rate of evapotranspiration of Oryza sativa in different stages of growth (May to August) has been obtained in three provinces of Iran (Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan). First, the evapotranspiration of the reference plant in selected stations was calculated using the FAO Penman-Monteith method, and then by the product of the rice plant's coefficient in the reference values of evapotranspiration, the amount of evapotranspiration of Oryza sativa was obtained at different stages of growth. The results indicate that the maximum evapotranspiration of the Oryza sativa in the middle stage and the minimum of this index occurred in the final stage of grows (except Manjil station). Also, the evapotranspiration in the middle stage of grows (June and July) is around 65 – 70 % of the total evapotranspiration in the most stations. The rate of evapotranspiration of rice in all stages of growth decreases from the east (Marave tappeh station) to the west (Astara station) of the region (except Manjil station). In contrast, the rate of precipitation during the period of growth of this product from east to west is increasing. For instance, the precipitation at Marave Tappeh and Gorgan are supplied respectively 9 and 20% of the water demand of this product while in the stations of Mazandaran and Gilan provinces, about 30-50% of the water demand of this product is provided by rainfall.

Abstract                          
Information and Communication Technology, Known as a sustainable development tool for villages to reduce poverty, reduce the digital divide and to prevent the migrating of villagers to cities. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a complex subject and its development requires synchronous interaction. The main question of the article is that what is the role of rural information and communication technology in the development of rural villages in Firooz Bahram? The research method in this quantitative survey is a questionnaire for collecting information. The sample consists of 380 users of rural IT and communications offices (rural villages) selected by multi-stage clustering method. Research findings show that rural IT and communications offices can have positive effects on various socio-economic aspects. The results also indicate that there is a correlation between rural development and the performance of rural IT and communications offices in Firooz Bahram (r = 0.46). In other words, the level of rural development increases with the increase of awareness, marketing, use of services and performance of Rural Information and Communication Offices.

North Khorasan province welcomes a large number of tourists every year who choose to visit the northern road and after passing through the humid climate, they enter a province with a temperate and sometimes cool climate in summer.However, it seems that strategic planning has not been done to make better and more use of this opportunity and to attract tourists, and therefore the tourism potentials of the province, especially Bojnourd city, have not been relatively complete and desirable in the direction of tourism development.The main purpose of this study is to investigate the development capabilities of Bojnourd tourism from the perspective of management planning using the SWAT index. The main question of the dissertation is that considering the opportunities and threats as well as the strengths and weaknesses of Bojnourd in the tourism industry, what is the most appropriate strategy for planning the management of Bojnourd tourism development using the SWAT model? The results of this article show that the offensive strategy is the most appropriate strategy for tourism development in Bojnourd. Research method in this research is descriptive method and inferential statistics. Documentary, library and field studies were used to collect data and SWOT model was used to analyze the findings.For this purpose, the internal environment (strengths and weaknesses) and external environment (opportunities and threats) of the region were studied and then the hierarchical analysis process was used to measure the weight of the measures.