Journal of Ruminants Health Research
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Winter and Spring 2017

Parasitic infections can be extremely problematic for animals and humans. Host-parasite relationships may be different between species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Haptoglobin (Hp), Serum amyloid-A (SAA), Alpha -1- acid glycoprotein (AGP), Albumin (ALB), Total protein (TP), Globulin (GLB), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) following natural infection with hydatid cysts in cows. This study was undertaken in a slaughterhouse in Torbate-Heidarie, Razavi Khorasan province, Iran, in January 2016. Four hundred cows were examined. Clinical examination prior to slaughter was done by an expert veterinarian and all clinically healthy cows were used in the study. The age determination was done according to the dental formula. Blood samples were obtained before slaughtering. Eventually, 60 cows with hydatid cysts and 60 apparently healthy cows were included in the study and control groups, respectively. The results indicated that acute phase proteins were not changed in naturally infected cows with hydatid cysts. It could be concluded that host-parasite relationship might be different in species such as cows and sheep. This finding may be due to a difference between species or a different behavior of hydatid cysts in cows and sheep.

Tropical fasciolosis is regarded as one of the most important helminthic infections of ruminants in Asia and Africa. Throughout most of its geographical range, Fasciola gigantica is of great importance as a parasite in sheep. The aim of this study was to detect seroprevalence of fascioliasis in sheep in Khouzestan province. In this study, due to the importance of livestock diseases in Khozestan province, total of 519 sheep from different areas in Khouzestan province were randomly bleeded, and their sera were preserved at 20°C. All sera were evaluated for anti- Fasciola gigantica excretory-secretory antigen by an in-house ELISA test. The results obtained from sheep show that the prevalence rate is 15.2 % (prevalence in female and male sheep was 14.3% and 25%, respectively). The prevalence rate in the age group of 4-5 years was higher than other groups, and it was lower in the age group of 2-3 years. than other groups, in Baghmalek the prevalence rate was higher area than other areas of the province. According to the results and the importance of this disease and its high prevalence, it is necessary to use appropriate strategies for controlling, preventing and treating it in the sheep in Khouzestan.

The lack of an effective treatment for endotoxemia causes high mortality rates in affected animals. Forty clinically healthy 1-year old Iranian fat-tailed ewes were assigned randomly into 8 experimental equal (n = 5) groups, comprising Insln 1.5, Insln 3, Insln 6, Insln 9, Insln 20, Dexa, Flnx and Control. Lipopolysaccharide from E. coli serotype O55:B5 was used to induce endotoxemia in ewes at 20 µg/kg as bolus intravenous administration. All forty ewes were evaluated clinically before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 24 h after LPS injection. Clinical parameters monitored during experiments included rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, mucous membrane color, capillary refill time, appetite and fecal consistency. Insulin regular, flunixine meglumine and dexamethasone were used at 180 min after LPS injection along with the fluid over 60 min. Insulin regular was infused at 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 20 IU/kg in Insln 1.5, Insln 3, Insln 6, Insln 9 and Insln 20 groups, respectively. Flunixin meglumine and dexamethasone were used at 2.2 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg intravenously in Flnx and Dexa groups, respectively. In Insln 3 group, at 5th and 6th hours, the heart rate was significantly lower than other experimental groups. Respiratory rate of all studied animals at 5th and 6th hours in Insln 3, Flnx and Dexa were statistically similar together and lower than other groups, significantly. In conclusion, the anti endotoxic effects of insulin regular at 3 IU/kg were statistically similar to dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) and flunixin meglumine (2.2 mg/kg).

Electrophoresis is a meticulous method in para-clinical science but has received less attention. In this study, the protein profile of synovial fluid of carpal joint and blood serum in buffalo was detected. Sampling was performed by arthrocentesis of 80 left and right forelimbs and obtaining blood serums of 40 Bubalus bubalis in Ahvaz industrial slaughterhouse. Samples were stratified by gender, age and left and right forelimbs. At first, the health of samples was confirmed by measuring the physical parameters of synovial fluid such as color, viscosity, transparency, and quality of mucin clot. Then, total protein was measured by Biuret method. Separating of synovial fluid protein fractions (include: albumin, alpha globulin, beta globulin, gamma globulin) was performed by electrophoresis method with cellogel kit. Statistical analysis showed that total protein, albumin, alpha globulin, beta globulin, gamma globulin in synovial fluid were significantly lower than the serum (P<0.05). The statistical analysis showed that the measured parameters in relation to age, gender and the limbs had no significant difference. Although synovial fluid, like all other biological fluid, is structurally similar to serum but is slightly different following disorders and diseases, nature and quantity of some these proteins change and analysis of the fluid can be used to identify trends of disease, prediction of the development and evaluation of the treatment processes.

Twenty-one Lori–Bakhtiary sheep were randomly allocated into 3 groups to compare the effects of oral selenium nano particles (Se NPs) and sodium selenite (Na-Se) supplementation on serum selenium, copper, zinc, molybdenum, manganese and cobalt concentration. Groups 1 and 2 orally received Se NPs and Na-Se (1 mg/kg) for 10 consecutive days, respectively and group 3 were considered as control group. Blood samples were taken on the days 0, 10, 20 and 30, and minerals were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometery. The obtained results showed that selenium, copper and manganese concentration increased and zinc level decreased significantly in both treated groups (P<0.05). In addition, serum molybdenum concentration increased in response to oral Na-Se supplementation on the days 10 and 20 compared to the basal level and also the control group (P<0.05). Findings explain the interaction between selenium derivates and other elements in which the role of Se NPs was considerable in increasing Cu and Mn level and the role of Na-Se noticeable increasing serum molybdenum concentration.

Bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) is a DNA virus that is classified in the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae and genus Varicellovirus. This virus causes the respiratory disease, abortion, conjunctivitis, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis or balanoposthitis and other clinical forms of the complex diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors of BoHV-1 infection in cattle in Khuzestan province in Iran. Blood samples were randomly collected from 534 cattle in 9 districts of Khuzestan province including Ahvaz, Baghmalek, Shooshtar, Dezful, Shadegan, Hendijan, Behbahan, Ramhormoz and Susangerd. The sera were examined by a commercial ELISA kite. The association between age, sex, breed, history of abortion, husbandry type and geographic location was analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression. Seroprevalence rate of BoHV-1 infection was 48.69 % (95% CI: 44.49-52.89). Statistical analysis showed that age, geographic location and type of husbandry are significantly associated with infection (P<0.001). This study highlights the significant prevalence of BoHV-1 in the cattle in Khuzestan province, suggesting that appropriate prevention and control programs should be considered to reduce prevalence and economic losses by health authorities and animal owners.