نشریه معرفت سیاسی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 21، بهار و تابستان 1398)

Methodology is a kind of knowledge and logic that empowers the researcher's way of thinking, deducting, analyzing and judging the thoughts. Each methodological pattern is based on certain epistemological foundations in such a way that any change in the epistemological foundations will also change the methodology. While explaining the relationship between methodology and epistemology, this paper seeks to study the nature and stages of the ijtihadi method, and then it analyzes the methods of deducting in jurisprudence, and the differentiation of jurisprudential ijtihadi method with ijtihadi method of political jurisprudence.

The political philosophy has a philosophical nature, and hence the method of its  comprehending is like the method of comprehending the philosophical facts. The method of Islamic philosophy is intellectual and demonstrative, and if Sadr al-Mutallehin has called his method as an enlightening one, is only because he has used his insights on philosophical analysis to enhance the power of reason. Along with the enlightening method, he has presented a method for utilizing the religious and mystical teachings, which can be of help in explaining and evaluating the political facts. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper studies the methods of comprehending the philosophical facts based on the philosophical foundations of Sadr al-Mutallehin, and it seeks to show a philosophical method for comprehending  the political facts. Accordingly, this paper first provides a short reflection on the Transcendental Wisdom and then, studies the Transcendental Wisdom through the method of perception, analysis and description, definition, and finally, the method of explaining and evaluating the facts of the political matters.

The transcendental Islamic politics is a monotheistic policy that seeks to expand monotheism in all individual and social arenas. In this sense, the practical monotheism has many social, political and civilian aspects and requirements. Exposing the transcendental nature of the Islamic politics, and its differentiation and challenges with the subordinated politics (non-monotheistic and anti-monotheistic), this paper aims to analyze the most important aspects, frequencies and outcomes of the transcendental Islamic politics in the Islamic transcendental politics. The findings show that, the practical monotheism, directly or indirectly, has a real, fundamental, inspirational, decisive, and governing role in all aspects of politics, including, the behavioral, functional, structural, policy-making, social politics systems, lifestyle, developing and civilizing pattern. Promoting the theoretical monotheism to the practical one, and applying its requirements in politics, provides the basis for the objective development of deism in the society, uniformity of politics, and its alignment with God's Will and Sovereignty. Using an analytical method, and focusing on the reason and the tradition, this paper analyzes the issue under discussion.

The special task of governments, whether religious or non-religious, is exerting the sovereignty. The sovereignty in today's world is not a limitless entity, but limitable, with new definitions. This paper seeks to prove that, the sovereignty in the religious ruling also follows the same formula of limitableness under certain conditions. Using a descriptive-analytical method, and through a comparative approach, this paper studies the views of Imam Khomeini (ra) and Saint Aquinas, two of the most influential religious thinkers on religious ruling in the Catholic Christian and Shia Muslim world. The findings show that, the most important restrictive foundation of governance in the religious ruling from both perspectives is the Divine Law

What is the base for holding "the election" as a legal mechanism for the participation of the community members in the administration of government? Can it be found in the doctrines of the political jurisprudence? Using an analytical method, this paper seeks to answer these two questions. This paper holds that, the election in the political jurisprudence is a kind of political participation that differs considerably from the issue of the election in the Western communities in terms of foundations, goals, and ends. The most important difference is that, in political jurisprudence, election is a rational way of delegating the administration of government to those who have the desired characteristics and conditions in the view of the Saint Legislator. Hence, the authenticity of the election and the majority vote are based on its conformity to the accepted limits, norms and values of the Islamic system. Some of the functions of the election in the Islamic system are, attracting the people's political participation in the process of large-scale decision making, attracting people's trust in the political system, maintaining the human dignity of the citizens, devolving people's affairs to their own deputies, avoiding the charge of tyranny and self-centering, accountability of the system's brokers to the public in order to attract his attention, and direct communication between people and brokers.

The philosophy of tranquility (tuadah) and hastiness (tasarru') in the political thought of Imam Khomeini is the main question of this paper. In the political thought, Islam has never provided an independent discussion of these two concepts. So, relying on the Islamic teachings based on the holy Quran and the tradition, and focusing on the Imam Khomeini's thoughts, this paper presents this discussion in a deductive method. While emphasizing on the theoretical framework of the four causes, the pattern under discussion is presented based on the theory of "two nature" made by Imam Khomeini. Since the tuadah is related to the transcendental (makhmore) nature, and it is among the soldiers of reason, and belongs to the transcendental philosophical school, but tasarru' in from the hidden (mahjube) nature, and it is among the soldiers of ignorance, and belongs to the subordinated (mutadani) philosophical school, each have been viewed as an attribute, morale, social and individual characteristics that has originated from the material cause, the formal cause, the efficient cause and the final cause, and are able to establish a transcendental or subordinate community. Accordingly, their requirements and political implications have been analyzed and compared in this paper.