نشریه زبان و ادب فارسی
پیاپی 37 (زمستان 1397)

Patriotism or love for the homeland is one of the Human achievements in history and part of main themes of contemporary poets in the Persian. Among the poets, Iran are Farokhi Yazdi , Nasime- e SHomal, Sepideh Kashni and tahereh safarzadeh whom the feel of love for homeland everywhere Poems, clearly manifested. The parts of the poem poet poetry of resistance in the world, with Iran will manifest. In this poem, the poet can be shared means like homeland, freedom and justice, and praise the heroes and martyrs of the homeland Invitation to fight for the country and Plant seed of hope for the future bright home has observed. The poet expresses his love for her homeland of symbols and myths to refer to the enemies of his country and the colonists were used and could spur with this work the people of his country to stability and resistance to oppression and oppressors time. The present article is to highlight the love poetry of the poet's Common themes in the poetry of their political, social and related Patriotism.

ABSTRACT Avatar by James Cameron is a visual narration of an ambitious journey of man to the planet Pandora to obtain a rare mineral, “unobtainium.” The mission cannot be accomplished until the indigenous are displaced and “Tree-of-Life,” the residence of the people, grown on the land of the mine is felled. U.S. Troops on the mission are accompanied by a scientific team led by Dr. Grace Augustine. They try to send Jake Sully, the paraplegic solider, into the aborigines’ community via an artificial body made out of human and Na’vi DNAs, called “Avatar” to study aborigines and possibly convince them to surrender peacefully. Yet, this never happens as Colonel Miles Quaritch, the military commander, chooses to accomplish the mission by force. The war between intruders and inhabitants brings about a huge amount of environmental damage and oppression of resisting people, especially the women. At the heart of war, Cameron projects the love story of Jake and Neytiri from Pandora leading to Jake’s disillusionment with reality of life in Pandora. Avatar, rich in theme and subject matter reconstructs the history of discovery and colonisation of Australia and brings to the fore concerns of contemporary man including the consumption of natural resources, eco-devastation, and man-woman relationship which is cast into the framework of science fiction. In this sense, a virtual image-body that represents individuals in computer-generated terrains provides a reference to the future of virtual technology and an implication to the rise of new political powers from Asia.

One of the reasons for the formation of mystical language is an interpretive approach in Qur'an. because expressed much of the concepts in the form of stories in Qur'an. one of these stories is the story of prophet Yusuf. according to Qur'an, Yusuf Surah, Joseph's life is full of bitter and sweet events . Rumi has spiritual harvest various events in the life of Joseph and he has used many of the events and characters in code and allegory in Masnavi. is tried in this research that discover and express these mystical interpretations of symbols and allegories and For this purpose first the story of Joseph in Qur'an were studied and then was written main text based on historical events. Joseph in Masnavi is symbol of a spirit that be caught in the dark well of body then it comes out from this well with God's grace sling and goes toward egypt perfection. dreams and their interpretations are referring to the mystical intuition of Joseph mystic and the perfect man, in Rumi 's opinion dream is a window to the world of intuition and inspiration that liberates the soul from the prison of body and the world. and Zulaykha is symbol of a wayfarer that arrives to true love from virtual love bridge and arrives to the fountainhead of truth from the manifestation of the beauty of God that is Joseph as a perfect human.

Realism is one of the literary criticisms in the world that has been engaging in ancient times in human thought. The processing of this thought began with Aristotle in the ancient times and so far this thought has continued with ups and downs. In the contemporary period in the nineteenth century in France and then in other countries a school and a movement was created that sought to consolidate the foundations of realism. ocialist Realism is one of the components of this school which became the focus of attention in Iran after the constitutional movement and became the basis for the formation of works including fictional literature with a social context. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the prominent writers of socialist realism in Iran whoalways tried to portray the external and internal motives of the characters in the personal and social life in fiction. The present paper seeks to analyze two of Ahmed Mahmoud's novels with neighbors' titles and the story of a city based on socialist realism and to show the agreement of the structural model of socialist realism with the novels of Ahmad Mahmoud.

It might be mentioned that purpose of structuralisms from literary style of writing is not the appearance of either a poem, story or each piece of writing including a literary content, but rather they focus on the style and form of a literary work. In a literary work, accordance of each element associated with other element could create a coherent structure in it as long as each of them has done its task in relating to literary work. In this article the topic review of comparative study according to structural perspective is Iraq and going on pilgrimage to the sacred places of Shiite Imams in 'Karbala and Najaf' and holy shrines which is called 'Atabat'. Two 'Atabat_e_Aliat' itineraries 'Sefr_e_Eshgh' written by Reza Ehsani and 'Molk_e_Rey' written by Ali Akbar Kazemi Gorji have been evaluated in this article. The purpose of reconciling these two itineraries has been offering the literary attention in written itineraries after revolution which has not been found among all itineraries. Researchers in foregoing itineraries show that these written texts in terms of structural and style in linguistic discourse have much in common, the only difference is both itineraries in the structural discourse have functioned differently and strongly in addition, each of the two above_ mentioned itineraries have considered the literary aspect in writing an itinerary.

The eternal mythological motifs with flexibility and deep extensive meanings, ever exist in the various narratives according to their contents and also to the intellectual and social characteristics of the different periods. They also maintain that beliefs which are the bases of the narratives forming. Volcano is one of these motifs which transfigures as a dragon or a daemon. Struggle of the main character with this daemon is interpreted as his bravery, his competency to achieve the goal and also as a benediction upon the others. This ancient motif which is related to the Aryan mythology, not only exist in the epic narratives, but also it is possible to see its displaced samples in some of the romantic poems. In this essay, the mythological motif of the volcano has been studied in these four romantic poems: Homay-o-Homayoun, Gol-o-Norooz, jamshid-o-khorshid, Mehr-o-Mah. Also, this motif in the romantic poems is compared with its role in the epic narratives. So, the dynamic current of the myths in the non-epic texts will be proved.

In Kurdish language the words that indicate to natural sounds have such variety that for all kinds of sounds can find a specific word. The kind of these words, unlike in Persian language, is not only noun, rather most of them are included as verb. The verbal onomatopoeias can be declined in past and present tense, also they can be applied for first, second and third person at different moods. Therefore onomatopoeias in Kurdish language divided in two categories: the verbal onomatopoeias and the nounal onomatopoeias. The verbal onomatopoeias, because they show the doing of action and their root can be denoted, their structure of infinitive and the form of verb is simple. In contrast, the form of verb in nounal onomatopoeias will be compound. In this paper, first we describe the syllabic structure and the pattern of phoneme arrangement in the onomatopoeias of Kurdish language, then we will state the index of most applicative onomatopoeias in this language.

Some poets have become famous more than others in the domain of the Holy Defense poetry, among whom Hossein Esrafili, as the completely competent poet in the Holy Defense poetry, could be named. He is one of the most active poets in the literature for endurance and resistance, but being active does not hinder his attention towards the literary and artistic structures of his poetry. Hence, it is tried in the present article to analyze the most important Esrafili literature techniques for creating poetic images in three books “Passing from the thunder”, “Birth in the square” and “ In the shadow of Zolfaqar (Imam Ali’s sword) [as his most important works]. Analyses indicate his usage of expressing techniques, particularly simile, metaphor and jest, as well as imageries including allegory and allusion.Some poets have become famous more than others in the domain of the Holy Defense poetry, among whom Hossein Esrafili, as the completely competent poet in the Holy Defense poetry, could be named. He is one of the most active poets in the literature for endurance and resistance, but being active does not hinder his attention towards the literary and artistic structures of his poetry. Hence, it is tried in the present article to analyze the most important Esrafili literature techniques for creating poetic images in three books “Passing from the thunder”, “Birth in the square” and “ In the shadow of Zolfaqar (Imam Ali’s sword) [as his most important works]. Analyses indicate his usage of expressing