International Journal of new Chemistry
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Summer 2020

Biogas production among other renewable energy sources is an economical and environmentally friendly way. Since high percentage of human food in the world is converted into food waste, one of the most suitable sources used as a feed for bio-gas production is food waste. One of the most important methods for producing biogas from organic waste is the use of anaerobic digesters. The factors affecting the production of biogas in anaerobic digestion machines are two general types of feed and its characteristics and the effect of process parameters on the amount of biogas production. In this paper, an anaerobic digestion machine was constructed and the effect of the parameters of the input feed type and operating parameters such as temperature and retention time on the operation of this process are examined by applying ‘‘Response Surface Methodology’’ (RSM) technique. Experimental results in this paper show that with increasing temperature and (C/N) and retention time, the amount of gas produced in anaerobic digesters increases. By increasing the temperature parameter to 45 °C and C/N to 40 in the remaining time of one month, the amount of biogas produced reaches 265 mL.. RSM Model shows that (C/N) parameters has the greatest impact on the amount of biogas and T-square (T2) term has the least impact on the amount of gas produced. In the following article, the function of the amount of gas produced based on the independent temperature and C/N parameters is expressed as a mathematical relation.

Various processes have been presented to sweeten natural gas so far. In this study carbon dioxide solubility in diethyl ethanolamine (DEEA) solvent with and without the presence of calcium carbonate nanoparticles at concentrations of 10, 15 and 20 wt% solvent in the pressure range of 5, 10 and 15 bar and titanium oxide, respectively. At concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 wt% were measured at ambient temperature. The results show that at constant pressure (10 bar) and without the presence of nanoparticles, the solubility for the concentration of 10 to 15 wt% of the solvent increases from 25.8 v/v* to 42.4 v/v*. Increasing the pressure also increases the solubility. For a constant concentration (15 wt% of the solvent), the solubility increases from 31.6 v/v* to 36.7 v/v* by increasing the pressure from 10 to 15 times. However, increasing the concentration of nanoparticles has little effect on increasing solubility. So that for the constant concentration of solvent (10%) and constant pressure (15 bar) the solubility of carbon dioxide for the nanoparticles increases from 0 to 0.1 wt% from 32.6 v/v* to 36.7 v/v*.

In this study, syntheses of [2-amino-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1,4-dihydro-1-phenyl-4-pyridinyl]ferrocene derivatives from reaction of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde, ethyl cyanoacetate, aniline, and acetylenic esters in the presence of piperidine were reported in good yields. The reaction proceeded smoothly and cleanly under mild reaction conditions and no side reactions were observed. The structures of the products were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Then, structure, electronic and spectroscopic properties of the synthesized molecules were computed at the CAM-B3LYP/jorge-DZP (H,C,N,O) and Def2-TZVPPD (Fe) level of theory. First hyperpolarizability value were calculated to describe the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of these molecules. The HOMO-LUMO study to find the band gap of the prepared molecules was extended to calculate global hardness, chemical potential and global electrophilicity for the investigation of the chemical behavior of the compounds. The energies of iron d-orbitals and formal electron configurations of iron atom were calculated by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis.

The production of adhesive from sugar cane bagasse was performed in this study. The goal of this investigation was optimization of wallpaper adhesive production from sugar cane bagasse cellulose by experiments which were designed by full factorial method and carried out in a lab scale reactor with variations in reaction condition such as temperature, catalyst and feed concentration. The analysis of the results showed that the amount and quality of produced wallpaper adhesive is related to reaction condition. The investigation results showed that the optimum condition for removal of lignin from sugar cane bagasse is occurred at ammonia solution concentration of 30 percent and temperature of 150 centigrade. Production of water soluble carbohydrate was carried out by hydrolysis of deligninificated sugarcane in sulfuric acid solution at concentrations of 72 up to 68 percent and controlled temperatures from 20 to 25 centigrade. The results of quality investigations showed that the optimum glue formulation is occurred at carbohydrate concentration of 3 percent and borax concentration of 0.2 percent.

Pyridazine derivatives represent one of the most active classes of compounds possessing a wide spectrum of biological activity. They are widely used in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. In view of these facts and in continuation of our interest in the chemistry of pyridazines, pyridazinones are six membered cyclic 1,2-diazine having carbonyl group at 3-position of ring system. They are widely used for industrial purposes and also exhibit a broad range of biological activities. This short review compiles examples of the most promising antibacterial activity. An overview on the antifungal activity is also described.

Manganese is a rather abundant element on earth and alloys based on it may be unexpensive. Alloyed with chromium for corrosion resistance and with carbon and a strong carbide-former element Mn can be the base of new metallic materials with interesting properties. In this work it is aimed to try elaborating Mn-based alloys by foundry and, in case of successful results, to explore the obtained microstructures. Two series were considered, a first one of the Mn – 25wt.%Cr basis with increasing amount in carbon, and a second one with addition of both carbon and tantalum addition. These seven alloys were synthesized by high frequency induction melting and their microstructures were examined using electron microscopy. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to better understand the microstructure formation. Results show that a double-phased matrix composed of two intermetallic compounds was obtained for all alloys, as well as chromium or tantalum carbides as soon as the carbon content was high enough. Cutting was hard and led to microcracks revealing lacks in toughness. The hardness is very high. It is concluded that the elaboration of such alloys by foundry pose some problems which must be solved, but is possible. The high hardness can be interesting for some applications but the toughness is to be improved. Outlooks of this work are the characterization of the corrosion behavior of these alloys and of their mechanical properties.