نشریه تفسیر و تحلیل متون زبان و ادبیات فارسی (دهخدا)
پیاپی 40 (تابستان 1398)

“Tohfatulvozara” (a souvenir to ministers) or “Tohfatulmahmoudieh” was authored by Sheikh Ali BastamiShahroudi, better known as “Mosannefak”, a Persian writer of the Ottoman Court in the ninth century of the Lunar Hegira. None of the works of this author has been investigated so far. “Tohfatulvozara” was written at the request of Mahmoud Pasha at the time of Sultan Mohammad Fateh (the Conqueror). The author resided in Aderne at that time and was considered as one of the important learned men of the Mohammad Fateh’s Court. The book was written in ten chapters some of which included different sections. The book may be categorized among the political advice books in terms of content and themes in which the author tried to approximate the methods of government to the Sharia Commands. The author sought help from Verses of the Holy Quran, Traditions, Narrations and poetry of the Persian and Arab men of letters in order to make his work credible and variate its content. The present article tries to introduce the author and his works and to analyze “Tohfatulvozara” and its content in an effort to unveil one of the Persian authors of Anatolia.

Khosravani Hekmat is Philosophy and mysticism of ancient iran that In this research, the principle of unity of creation is considered as one of its important attributes in the works of Attar. According to the results, The poet was influenced by the principle of the unity of creation, although under the influence of the human being in the wisdom of Khosravani, But, unlike its predecessors, The scientific analogy corresponds to the universe of the universe with the cosmic universe, which is equivalent to the analogy of the integrity of the thirty-sixth with the Simorgh. Particle and universe, ancient secrets, ordering, desirable city, number 30, Mount Ghaf, The victim of the sensual desire, the number seven, the simorgh and the famine are all the manifestations of the unity of creation in Manteqotteir that They originated from the wisdom of Khosravi. The unity of its existence in Manteqotteir is related to the integrity and integrity of the universe, the cosmic order, and the mythology of the perfection of the day. Between the above concepts, the equality ratio is in the quadruple rational ratios.

Evolution of prose writing style in the second half of Qajar dynasty era is researched in various resources by studying works of pioneers such as Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei, Talibov, Mirza Malkam Khan, Ahmad Rouhi Kermani and Habib Esfahani. Among above mentioned authors Talibov is one of the intellectual authors who by his works that are written in eloquent prose had great effect on enlightment of his own era. His works reflect what goes in the society and show his thoughts, ideas and skill in fiction structure. He is considered as one of pioneers of fiction writing. He has made desirable and effective evolution in areas of Persian prose and thought through his familiarity with Persian, Turkish, Russian and Arabic languages. So, his most important works in fiction (Masalekolmohsenin) and political thoughts (Izahat dar khosose azadi) and his last work that was published after his death ( SiasateTalebi) are studied comparatively.

Apart from influencing and being influenced through the works of two lands, it is possible to go into specific topics which have some points in common regarding the content. The same common points can be used to compare both a topic and an approach as well as a content similar and common in these two different lands. The issue of having a strong body can be considered to be an important factor in literature and beliefs of different lands demonstrating the human history and primitive humans. The current study aims to investigate Iranian and Scandinavian epical thoughts along with the most famous expression of the same thoughts in epical works of these two nations. It also aims to state and compare the commonalities, superiorities, and inferiorities in order to put these two works in the same framework through which we are able to scrutinize each of them in detail.

Noting and writing letters are of the routine manners in the history of Persian literature, and it’s the general title for works, and books which involve rules, orders, friendly letters, responses, kings’ charters, Promissory note, treaties, victory or defeat memories. Teymuriera, is one of the splendid and rich eras for writing notes. Writing notes and letters, in this era, is a touchstone to trade off the speech and writers’’ motives. Note of Sahife- Shahi (royal notebook) or Taghvim-al-Makatib( the calendar of letters) is one of the Notes in Teymuri era, which was written by Mullah Husain VaezKashefiSabzevari, writer and secretary at the royal court of Sultan Husain Baighara, and the author of some books such as Javaher-al-Tafsir, Anwar-e- Soheili, Rozah-al-Shohada, etc. the handwritten scripts of this book exist in Islamic Parliament’s library, central library of university of Tehran, Melek library and some other libraries. As the historical and literature importance of the book of Sahife-Shahi, this paper tries to revive one of the Persian historical and literature heritages, besides providing an introduction of Notes’ history and handwritten scripts in a descriptive-analytical manner.

One of the ways of recognizing beliefs of any nation is examine the mythical symbols and institutes of those nations which have originated from their minds and inners and have been remained in their history, art and literature. Of the most important ways to survive ancient myths it could mention to their transformation as folkloric stories that by their cultural functions help lives of mythical figures as a vivid and dynamic body. That is the words of myth and fiction in Iran and the words are mixed together. The story is a weaken form of stronger concept, i.e. myth. When myth in part of its history, by losing part of its holiness as stories that in each period become the place for reflection of several thoughts, new words, customs and rituals and transform itself. Reading these stories introduce us with the mythical bed of these fictions deeply. Azeri myths from the aspect of having samples to body transformation figures have rich wealth, as the present research indicates in Azeri myths several kinds of body transformation, human to animal body transformation and human to human and human to plants and reversely and demon and fairy transmutation and other strange organisms and myths are observable well.

One of the areas of new studies in the Third-World Countries and a critical approach to a set of theoretical approaches that emphasize the consequences of colonialism on colonial discourse analysis is Post-colonialism studies. Edward Said the real founder of  theory  post-colonialism , The basis of his theory in his Orientalist essay is based on this. Western thinkers have mainly posited the wrong image of the Orient as "another." Edward Said believes that the consequences of colonialism in terms of chaos, coup, corruption, and civil wars and bloodshed continued to these days. Mehdi Akhavan Sales is one of the poets who narrate the presence of British and American colonialism in his poetry, in the literature of Iran. This descriptive analytic article is about expressing the post-colonial effects of his poetry. Studies show that Akhavan has spoken in a symbolic and illustrative language with poetic images of colonialism, and in his poems described a despondent atmosphere after colonial domination.

The artists express their paradigms and ideals within the framework of their artistic works. Diversity of characters and their quality and reason may play important role in conveying artist’s message to the audience since juxtaposition of different and sometimes opposite personality and individual traits can cause them to become more prominent with more influence. We have criticized diversity of characters in poetic collections of ‘Winter’, ‘The end of Shahnameh’, and ‘From this Avesta’ written by Mehdi Akhavan Sales in two content and structural fields using inductive- analytical method. The research achievement denotes that in representation of characters, especially the main characters Akhavan Sales puts them versus completely different characters and also sometimes he shows a character in various dimensions. Using such diversity, the poet looks for conveying direct and symbolic messages, interpreting poetic and social mission, expressing micro and macro ideals, and finally restating quality and reason for classification of paradigms. In addition to opening new windows toward audience of artistic work, study on such fields may familiarize him/her with viewpoints of poet’s doctrines and it can be an entry for recognition of some of elements of culture and art and doctrine of community.