International Journal of Iranian Heritage Studies
Volume:1 Issue: 1, Spring-Summer 2018

psyche and human culture across all societies. Prophets, pious men andwomen are believed to have had the special gift of understanding andinterpreting both the manifest and the latent contents of dreams andproviding guidance and predictions. This paper presents an analysis ofa dream that Nāṣer Ḵosrow experienced in the forty-second year ofhis life. It analyses the context and the content of this dream, which hedescribes in his Safar-nāmah (Travelogue), and how this dream turnedinto a dream-work that transformed Nāṣer Ḵosrow’s life and enabledhim to leave behind a rich intellectual legacy.

This paper aims to evaluate the linguistic attitudes of Persian speakers to provide an information base for language policy-making regardingPersian planning in Iran. To this end, the paper proposes the following questions:- What are the main components of Tehrani Persian speakers’ attitudes?- What is the least important component among the other components?- Regarding the above mentioned attitude components, how could we schematize the dominant overt and covert language planning policies?To fulfill this aim, a questionnaire consisting of several questions on different aspects of linguistic attitudes has been distributed among four groups of Tehrani residents. The questionnaire has been organized so as to evaluate the awareness, affection and behavior towards Persian corpus, status and language in education. The size of the sample population (a total of 820) has been determined based on a formula developed by Krejcie and Morgan (Krejcie and Morgan, 1970). After collecting the questionnaires, the data were then encoded and entered into the SPSS statistical software. The independent variables of this analysis are social identity and age. The instruments used in this study are intersecting or ANOVA tables as well as other methods such as X2, Somer’s, Kramers, and Kendal. The paper concludes that the most important component of linguistic attitudes of the studied groups is affection towards Persian status. The least important components, on the other hand, are Iranian linguistic consciousness, attitude towards English, awareness of Persian status, hopefulness towards Persian improvement and affection towards present Persian planning. Furthermore, it turned out that covert and overt Persian language policies differ in some key aspects.

Jawāmeʿ al-ḥekāyāt wa lawāmeʿ al-rewāyāt (Comprehensive Anecdotes and Luminous Narratives) was written in the first decades of the 13thcentury AD (c. 1247-1252) by Sadīd b. Moḥammad ʿAwfī, and contains interesting information on Manichaean themes that shall be examinedin this paper. The book, for instance, introduces Mānī the inventor of the Zandīqs as the last prophet. His religīion had still followers amongIranians at the time of the composition of the book (13th century AD). A new point in ʿAwfī’s narrative is that he called Manichaeans as Bāṭenī(Esoterics) that shows a kind of assimilation of the Manichaeans with the sect of Bāṭenīya or Ismaʿilis. According to ʿAwfī, Mānī had traveledto India, Keshmir and Tibet, and that the people of Turkistan followed him. Mānī’s journey to the western borders of India (although not toKashmir and Tibet) and the influence of Mānīchaeism in Xin Jiang of China have been confirmed through the original Manichaean texts.Mānī told his followers that he’ll go up to heaven. So, he hid himself in a cave and painted a paper scroll called Arṯang (Ardahang) as a sacredbook from the Lord. According to ʿAwfī, secret life was a tradition established by Mānī, and the Manichaeans rejected the strangers, ahabit inherited in China through Manichaeans.

site of Pasargadae in the latter half of 2015, the capital founded byCyrus the Great in the center of the ancient province of Persia. It isthe first step of a program that will span over several years and duringwhich we will gradually enrich the Pasargadae archaeological map ona large scale. In the continuity of the previous 1999-2009 programs, wetried to have a better understanding of the layout of the Achaemenidcity that was developed following a new pattern where the garden, thepark, plays a prominent role. We also would like to further study theterritorial changes just before the Achaemenid Empire as well as afterits fall until the Islamic period. To approach these topics we gather apluridisciplinary team that carried out complementary survey works(geophysics, topography, fieldwalking, surface ceramic collection,geoarchaeology) to build a comprehensive reconstruction of thePasargadae cityscape from the early Achaemenid to Islamic periods.The works were performed inside the protected area of the site as wellas in its nearby surroundings. This article presents our methodology aswell as our preliminary results. The important 2015 achievements wereto demonstrate that the south Tol-e Taḵt hillslope is built, to firmly show that the Achaemenid/post-Achaemenid occupation extended southeastof the Royal Garden and to shed light on the ancient settlement systemsome kilometers north of the city core part. In the same time an importanttopography work has been started to accurately document the wholevisible archaeological features over the site. The main fallout of thesesurveys is to bring to light parts of the Cyrus project for Pasargadae aswell as the complex and evolving landscape of the site and its territorybefore and after the Achaemenid period.

The accurate sex estimation in skeletal remains is considered to be an important step in the reconstruction of the biological profile ofunknown individual in an archaeological context. Teeth are among the most frequently recovered human tissues that remain after deathas they are hard, long lasting, and resistance to post-mortem insults. In general, males have larger teeth than females and this characteristiccould be used in sex estimation. Present study aimed to investigate the degree of sexual dimorphism in the permanent teeth of Ḥasanlu, theIron Age population in the Solduz Valley (West Azerbaijan Province of Iran). The Ḥasanlu site was excavated between 1956 and 1974 bya joined expedition of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Metropolitan Museum of Art,and Archaeological Service of Iran. The skeletal remains of Ḥasanlu are housed at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeologyand Anthropology. In total, the collection consists of 263 individuals including 184 adults and 79 subadults. Analysis of the Ḥasanlu skeletalmaterial was conducted from April to March 2014 and a total of 51 male and 33 female adult individuals belong to Iron Age levels (V,IV, and IVB) were used for sex estimation. The cervical mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements were collected from 299 upper andlower 3rd and 4th premolar teeth using Hillson-Fitzgerald dental calliper. Discriminant function analysis was used to evaluate the accuracy of each males exceeded that of females. The classification accuracy ranged from 74.6% to 85% with lower 4th premolar providing the highest accuracy rate (85%) and the upper 3rd premolar providing the lowest accuracy rate (74.6%). The results indicated that cervical measurements of the premolar is a reliable method for sex estimation and is useful to predict sex in Iranian archaeological populations.

This study is aimed to design tasks for teaching official Persian language to speakers of the Lārī language, a language spoken in thesouthernmost of Iran and other states of the Persian Gulf with around a million speakers. The study, in this respect, is founded on the basisof the importance of tasks in language teaching. In order to teach Persian grammar to Lārī speakers, the tasks are designed accordingto the similarities and differences between Persian and Lārī in Verbal and Nominal phrases. The study further examines the impact of thesyllabus on its applicants. The research has been conducted on the base of a quasi-experimental method. The sample included 60 studentsselected via purposive selection who were divided into two groups of experimental and control). The experimental group received theresearch-designed task-based syllabus in learning Persian and control group received their regular syllabus in schools. Having implementedthe pretest, the treatment (for 24 sessions, each of which for an hour) and post-test, the data were analyzed through descriptive and inferentialstatistics (through SPSS). Findings revealed that experimental group outperformed in the post-test. In addition, the results showed that thetreatment was effective in enhancing the Persian grammar literacy of Lārī speakers. Consequently, the researcher-made model of influential factors proved that tasks made grammar forms salient to the learner via its communicative activities.

The Coptic cunaxic (σύναξις, Synaxeis), wherein come the twentytwochapter titles of each logoc (logos, chapter) of the peuaggelionetan=h (the Living Gospel,) found in Egypt (Fayyūm), contains onlypage-headers and is only partly legible. It helps us to reconstruct partsof the contents of Mānī’s Living Gospel. Although the remaining textof the Middle Persian version of the Living Gospel contains only a partof the first chapter, the Synaxeis containing 22 logia lets us know thatat least the ‘second Meeting’ (synaxis) of its sixth Discourse (logos, i.e.chapter) dealt with the Great Builder (Syr. bn rbʾ; MP rʾz ʿy wzrg) andthat the content of the ninth chapter was about ‘the coming of Jesus theChrist’. The new editions of the codex are of enormous value, giving usnew, previously unimaginable information.