نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال هجدهم شماره 7 (پیاپی 132، مهر 1399)

The family as a social institution of shaping identity for individuals can play an exacerbating or reducing role in symptoms of many physical and mental disorders. Understanding how transgender people experience the reaction of the family to Gender Dysphoria demonstrations can be beneficial for a better understanding of the problems of these clients, and that addressing these issues. This study aimed to explain the lived experiences of transgender people regarding the family’s reaction to Gender Dysphoria.

Participants in this qualitative study with the phenomenological approach were ten transgender individuals (six biological males, four biological females). They were selected by the targeted and snowballing method according to the inclusion criteria from the field of forensic medicine in the south of Iran. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used. Data were analyzed using the seven-step approach of Colaizzi. Lincoln and Gubachr('39')s criteria were used to assess the reliability and validity of data.

After analyzing the data, the two main themes of maladaptive reaction and adaptive reaction and six general categories of denial of reality, destiny test, punishment instead of treatment, disparaging until breaking the habit, accompanying with desperation, and coping with fate were classified.

According to the results,the reaction of transgender individuals’ families to gender dysphoria includes a significantlydifferent patternof behavior. The reaction in the family of transgender people to the person with this disorder can be interpreted as an attempt to avoid the experience of shame in society.

Because of the occupational nature of the operating room personnel, they are exposed to various occupational hazards that can cause them to leave their profession and reluctant to continue working, which has a significant impact on the effectiveness of health systems. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between occupational hazards and intention to leave the profession among perioperative and anesthesia nurses.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted in operating rooms of hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Research population included 250 Perioperative and anesthesia nurses selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using demographic characteristics questionnaire, a researcher-made occupational hazards questionnaire, and an anticipated turnover scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS16 software.

Based on the study findings, the mean score of occupational hazards in the studied nurses was 62.7±11.8 (moderate level) and the mean score of the intention to leave the profession was 34.7±5.28 (moderate level). Among the dimensions of occupational hazards, ergonomic hazards (22.9±6.9) and chemical hazards (10.2±4.6) were recognized as the most important and insignificant sources of occupational injuries, respectively. There was a positive and significant correlation between ergonomic (r=0.185, p=0.03) and biological hazards (r=0.160, p=0.045) with the intention to leave the profession.

According to the findings, managers must adopt appropriate strategies and policies to reduce occupational hazards and intention to leave the profession among operating room staff.

Patient visit is one of the ways to perform family-based care, but despite many studies, there is still no agreement on how to perform ICU visits and there are different policies. This qualitative study was conducted to evaluate the current ICU visiting policy of Kashani and Hajar hospitals in Shahrekord, Iran.

This is a qualitative descriptive-exploratory study. 35 participants (20 nurses, 9 family members of patients, and 6 patients hospitalized in intensive care units of Shahrekord teaching hospitals) enrolled in this study. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and were analyzed by inductive thematic analysis.

Findings showed that visits to intensive care units of the studied hospitals are limited. Participants referred to two topics: (1) "rationales for restricting visitation," including the physical structure of the ICU, and the specific nature of the ICU patient, and (2) "current policy for visiting", including visiting through the window (restricted) and brief (flexible) visits.

Since the current policies and the nurseschr('39') viewpoints should be considered for future planning to improve the current situation and implement an operational and effective plan, it can be possible to use the results about visiting policy and its related reason to move toward open visiting.

The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of flipped curriculum objectives based on problem-based learning for nursing students.

The research method was multidisciplinary (quantitative and qualitative) Systematic review of texts and semi-structured interviews with nursing, educational sciences, and psychology experts and professors were conducted to identify the characteristics of the elements of the inverted curriculum objectives for the field of nursing. In the last stage, synthesis research method (combining the results of qualitative and quantitative studies in common areas of research) and analytical-inferential method were used to collect and analyze the data. The statistical population of the research in the first method included all published documents available in 2010. In the second method, the participants included 8 specialists in nursing, educational sciences, and psychology who were purposefully selected and interviewed. To analyze the data, the systematic coding method was used in four steps. After identifying the initial codes, the concepts were identified and sub-categories were compiled in the form of the desired dimensions. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA10 software.

The findings showed that the characteristics of the flipped curriculum objectives elements can be presented in three main themes: functional, educational, and approach goals.

Findings suggest that this approach can strengthen the skills of independence in learnerschr('39') learning and also help the desired skills in the curriculum objectives in a desirable way

Educating pregnant women about the effects of smoking and its fetal risks can make it easier to quit smoking and consider health advice and practice self-care during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on prescribing health information on the self-care ability of pregnant women who smoke.

This applied research was conducted using the quantitative (quasi-experimental) methodology with pre-test and post-test single group design. The study population consisted of all pregnant women who smoked and were referred to five gynecology hospitals in Tehran (Sarem, Mirza Koochak Khan, Hedayat, Akbarabadi, Arash) in 2019.133 subjects were selected by multi-stage clustering method. A researcher-made self-care ability questionnaire was used to collect the data after the determination of validity and reliability. Education was the intervention performed in this study and data were analyzed using SPSS software at a significance level of p˂0.05.

The mean age of women was 30.12± 1.11 years and the mean gestational age was 26.18 ±3.86 weeks. The mean score of total self-care ability of pregnant women who smoked before intervention was 45.68 while it was 133.47 after the intervention. The mean of self-care capacity after intervention in the subscales of specific knowledge about pregnancy care was 36.11, awareness and attention to the adverse effects of smoking on maternal and fetal health was 40.76, effective care practices was 29.89 and search for care services and cooperation with the treatment group reached 26.71 which indicated the positive effect of the intervention.

According to the results, health system must consider the education of pregnant women about the risks of smoking during pregnancy and the effects of quitting it on increasing their self-care capacity.

"Maternal attachment to the fetus" is a new concept in psychology that can have a great impact on the mental and physical life of the child and even the mother. Maternal attachment to the fetus is an emotional bond between mother and child. The importance of this concept has led to numerous studies examining its consequences and factors in order to provide a plan for improving it in families.

In this study, 58 articles with the keywords "fetal attachment", "maternal-fetal attachment", and "fetal attachment" were searched systematically in databases of scientific journals of Academic Jihad, Maregan and Nourmegs from 2012 to 2020 and after removing duplicate and overlapping articles, the meta-analysis was performed.

The findings indicated the influence of individual, social, and relational factors in the development of "maternal attachment to the fetus". Studies in the literature also showed that this concept can have a significant impact on the physical and mental health of the mother and child.

According to the studies, it seems that emphasizing the social, economic, and cultural status of mothers can provide the basis for creating and improving the quality and quantity of "fetal attachment" and consequently, it largely guarantees the future of the child and the mother.

Surgical technologistschr('39') problems may affect the perioperative outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders and related ergonomic considerations in surgical technologists.

This descriptive correlational study was performed among 141 technologists of selected teaching hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool consists of four sections containing demographic information, 13 questions to assess the level of knowledge about ergonomics, 16 questions to assess working conditions and a standard Nordic questionnaire to determine the extent of musculoskeletal disorders. T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the means, and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between the variables.

The results showed that 78% of the participants had experienced musculoskeletal disorders in at least one area of the body during the last 12 months. The three most prevalent body regions were the low back (55%), shoulders (29%) and wrists (26%). Knowledge of correct principles of working with an average of 3.03±0.55 of 5 points was moderate, 61% reported training in ergonomic considerations as poor. Participantschr('39') work environment and tools such as poor ventilation, ergonomic tools and equipment, and lack of short rest between long-term works are contrary to ergonomic principles.

According to the identification of risk factors in this study, appropriate training programs, ergonomic interventions and the use of safety and health equipment can probably reduce occupational injuries and increase productivity.

Infertility is a painful emotional experience; Womenchr('39')s reactions to this feeling take the form of psychological problems such as sexual dissatisfaction and marital incompatibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an integrated approach to positive cognitive behavior therapy on sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile women in Khorramabad.

The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all infertile women who referred to the infertility treatment center in Khorramabad in 2019. The sample size consisted of 30 people who were selected by convenience sampling and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The Larson Sexual Satisfaction Scale and Spinner Marital Adjustment were used to measure the variables. The intervention was then performed on the experimental group for 10 sessions of 90 minutes using the combined approach of positive cognitive behavioral therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. SPSS software version 22 and multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data.  

The results of data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the experimental and control groups (P <0.01); This means that teaching an integrated approach to positive cognitive behavioral therapy increased sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile women in the experimental group compared to the control group.

According to the obtained results, the integrated approach of positive cognitive behavior therapy can be used to improve sexual satisfaction and marital adjustment of infertile women.