نشریه مطالعات حفاظت و امنیت انتظامی
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 57، زمستان 1399)

one of the taboos of Islam is spying on people''''''''s secrets in the sense that no one has the right in internal affairs and personal secrets of people and things that people want, hide and seek and investigate. The nature and religious rules of spying is one of the most important moral issues for all people of the Islamic society and especially for people whose job requires intelligence, such as security and intelligence forces. The word espionage literally means search for secrets and there are hidden flaws of others that have a personal aspect. The aim of this study is to "investigate the investigation and its jurisprudential principles, in order to eliminate some doubts that are involved in the use of this method by the security and intelligence forces", was performed.

The present article seeks to answer these questions using a qualitative research method using documentary study and analysis is spying forbidden or permissible in Islam? Or necessary and obligatory? What is Imam Khomeini''''''''s view on espionage?

The findings show that espionage in Islamic teachings is divided into types and each has its own rules. Spying on personal and ideological issues is in itself reprehensible and currently forbidden; regarding social and public issues in order to prevent losses it was permissible for individuals and government institutions and in relation to security issues in order to preserve the Islamic system and providing social security is a must.

Empowerment is considered to be the best way to increase productivity and organizational development and can ensure increased efficiency and competence in employees. This study was prepared to explain the relationship between psychological empowerment in two dimensions of sense of competence and sense of autonomy by collecting hidden news of NAJA security and intelligence police personnel.

This research is applied in terms of type and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method and survey method. The statistical population of this study is the news gathering staff of NAJA Information and Public Security Police with 345 people. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size of 183 news gathering staff has been determined by voluntary sampling method. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by the content validity method. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. Finally, according to the test results and the alpha coefficient higher than 0.7 (0.806) is desirable and acceptable; Therefore, the questionnaire has the necessary reliability. In explaining the data, t-test with independent samples and to determine the mean differences, Spearman correlation coefficient test and simultaneous regression were used to determine the significance level of the hypotheses.

By psychologically empowering Pavanaja staff in various dimensions, especially the sense of competence and sense of autonomy, organizational productivity can be enhanced in carrying out covert news gathering missions. The test results showed that there is a significant relationship between feeling competent and collecting hidden news with a significance level of 0.003 and between feeling autonomy and collecting hidden news with a significance level of 0.000.

One of the basic pillars of maintaining stability and internal security of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the police force. Obviously, this important and valuable group, especially law enforcement personnel, is always exposed to enemy threats; Therefore, the role of participation and cooperation of NAJA commanders and managers with information protection is to protect employees and their security authority.

This research is an applied goal in terms of the type of descriptive-analytical method and in order to investigate the factors affecting the interaction of commanders with information protection in the protection of Fateb employees in 2016. The statistical population of this research is Fateb managers and commanders. The sample size in this study is 110 people and to collect information, a 43-item design questionnaire whose validity and reliability was confirmed was distributed and after collection using SPSS software to clarify the differences and priorities of the items in the questionnaire from Regression factor analysis and Friedman rank tests were used.

In order to develop the interaction of commanders with information protection in the protection of employees, it is necessary to pay more attention to strengthening (organizational interaction, empowerment, motivation system, good communication, attention to self-preservation culture, development of collective participation culture). The results show that structural, behavioral and contextual factors in the interaction of commanders with information protection have been very effective in protecting employees and there is a significant relationship between these factors and the interaction so that the attention to behavioral factors is more than structural factors. And it is grounded.

Cyberspace, as a new communication technology, has created new developments in the type of view and social communication. The nature of cyberspace and its impact on social security is such that, along with many opportunities, it can create threats and insecurity and has its own requirements in this area. The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model of the impact of cyberspace on social security and to recognize the dimensions and components of this model. The conceptual model was extracted using the meta-combined method by referring to articles, books and other Persian and English scientific sources and library study tools and document research in two variables of cyberspace and social security and then using kappa coefficient and interviewing experts. , The validity of the model has been confirmed. The results of this study show that based on the theory of systems (two systems of cyberspace and social security), the conceptual model of the impact of cyberspace on social security consists of two parts. Physical, logical, information and social (users) are divided. In the second part of the conceptual model, social security into three dimensions; Objectively (behavioral) is divided into mental (cognitive) and structural (institutional). How cyberspace communicates and influences social security is such that the four layers of cyberspace each affect the dimensions and components of social security as a multiple matrix. In this regard, suggestions such as; Organizing, integrating and focusing on the management and decision-making about cyberspace in the country, systematic and continuous monitoring of cyberspace opportunities and threats, dissemination of "cyberspace literacy" and "cyberspace ethics", production of native and glorious content and. .. Provided.

One of the important issues in the scope of duties of NAJA staff is the missions and the wide range of clients in the police force, and this issue has always exposed the staff to many vulnerabilities and threats. The NAJA headquarters is composed of several mission and non-mission deputies and specialized police, and due to its pivotal role in advancing organizational goals and determining power, this group of employees may be exposed to security crimes; This is the subject of current research; Also, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of security awareness methods on the prevention of security crimes of NAJA staff in the years 94 to 96.

This research is quantitative and applied in terms of type and has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this research has been simple random sampling due to the size of the statistical population. Data collection in the form of library, field and collection tools was a questionnaire and also the validity of the questionnaire through its formal and credit validity method was examined through Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics methods (frequency distribution table, statistical characteristics and graphs) as well as inferential statistical methods including Chi-square test.

The research findings show that among the three dimensions, the dimension of the effect of protective "visual products" on the prevention of security crimes of NAJA staff with 80.7%; The effect of "giving a speech" by Sahfanaja experts in preventing security crimes of NAJA staff with 80.3%; And the dimension of the effect of "written sources" compiled in the prevention of security crimes by the staff of the NAJA with 77.5% had the highest to lowest factor, respectively