نشریه جغرافیایی سرزمین
پیاپی 36 (زمستان 1391)

In recent decades attention to the geo economy discourse and super role of economy ininternational relations, energy Geopolitics and transmission and its security has high worth inthe international relations. Chabahar Strategic Bandar which is only oceanic Bandar in thenorth of gulf of Oman in Iran, is the nearest and easiest way of central Asia countries (whichare surrounded in the land) to the high seas. Marginal areas of Iran despite capacities andcapabilities, in cause of being away from the decision making center and in terms of catchingdevelopment policies and non- experimental plans for these districts has worse consequences,which the most important of them is lack of development of these districts and beingmarginal. Islamic Republic Of Iran, is one of the countries which has many transit advantagesin terms of placing in the suitable geographic positions. South coasts of Iran, specially coastsof Oman is in center of ovalenergy in cause of direct access to the high seas and widthoceans, potential powers in field of goods and energy transmission, also placing in the Northwesttransit path plays important role, which in the future leads to the development andsecurity of district and Iran. In this article Chabahar dignity in terms of geopolitics and geoeconomy In North-west transit and its important in development and security in west havebeen examined.

With utilization of a few approaches, the determination and analysis of the levels of ruralareas in different fields play an important role in the planning of rural development process.The present article takes advantage of Morris inequality index and it uses 4 indexes in thefields of economy and education to determine and analyze levels of rural districts of Dezful’scentral village. This article uses the data from the census of general population and housing toselect 4 indexes in the year 1385. The ranking and development degree of rural districts ofvillages were analyzed and determined with Morris method. The results of research showedthat 21.4 percent of rural district of Shams Abad villages are in developed group and 78.6percent of the villages are in the less developed group and also in rural district of Qibla , 43.8percent of villages are in the developed group of villages and 56.3 percent of villages are inthe less developed group of villages and in total 32.6 percent of central district villages are inthe developed group of villages and 67.4 percent of villages are in the less developed group ofvillages therefore , in the line of balanced and harmonious development of rural areas ,strengthening local centers and also development and enhancement of centers and new axes ofdevelopment in the less developed areas are essential .

This investigation performed under title of rural development process in rural district ofmiyanjovein conformed with agricultural part in purpose of recognition natural humanity,economic resource of rural district and also recognition of problems about agricultural fieldand rural development. According to performed studies regard to natured and climateproperties. Relatively ideal condition provide for developing agricultural process somewhatagriculture is consider as important part of economic activities of course there are problemsin this field which more important of themes follow; Land area are small and other cases suchas unsuitable distribution of rainfall in during of year, don’t optimal operation “cutilization”of zater sources, incorrect manner of irrigation. In this rural district reliedon optimalutilization of water resource by modify traditional canal “stream” and construction of cementcanal or trans form water to main way via bulky “thick” tubes, investment on using field frommodern irrigation manner, protection and integration lands, encourage and supporting farmer .

In the fields of insight recognition, the significances are applied often differently, so despitehaving the same structure and domain in the matter, their coincidence's load varies in differentaspects. Geomorphologic's balance is one of the examples. The meaning of balance is appliedin all evolution aspects of Dayvis, in the field of systematic perception'sdistrict(ramesht1381p77) and also in the Qoran's interpretations. the Dayvis 's point of viewtime would encounter evolutions orgradually depletions, in other words they haveunreturnable changes in a way that this meaning has its origin in antropy's backgrounds andpositive feedbacks. but undoubtedly the balances meaning in dayvis's opinion differs with theqoran's systematic point of view.(chapters:naml,verse88,shams,verse6,meraj,verse9,alqare,verse5 and many others)thatexpresses the evolution, regularity, permanency and balance in the phenomenons. but with thegylbert's that the forms and processes could be related to negative feedbacks that thechangings are with different speeds and cause surfaces forms proportionaly vary with them.therefore the earth's forms are dependant to a situation which the forms that change in ashorter time. in this editorial is tried to analyze the conflicts and the similarities through thebasis of library studies. the issue will help to achieve a better comprehension from themeanings by encountering different views of balance in Geomorphology and also emphasiseson the importance of it's significances load, and the contrasts in different views.

The concept of environmental hazards on rural planning is considered necessary andimportant that it be comprehensive and constructive cooperation of the villagers in themodulation of plans and programs of the risks of conflict efficient management this sphereprovide. This article aims to assess natural hazards - human capabilities and limitations of theassay, resulting in Gonbarf village life and the village in order to develop the best strategiesand environmental planning. To achieve this purpose, the method of SWOT-AHP hybridmodel that utilizes the SWOT technique, attempt to identify the strengths and weaknesses(internal factors) and opportunities and threats (external factors), and the use of the AHPmodel and Likert preference polls and Rankings internal and external environmental factorsand determine the final value of internal and external factors and adopt the best strategy and astrategy for prioritization approaches in terms of SO, WO, ST, WT. The results of the modelcombination strategy of SWOT-AHP analysis tables indicate the superiority of naturalfeatures - human hazards, so that the final result of the evaluation and assessment of internaland external factors indicate that the strength (with a total value of final 0.233) andopportunities facing the region (the sum of the final value of 0.324) weaknesses (the sum ofthe final value 0.230) and the threats surrounding it (with a total end value of 0.213) is higherand thus the overall strategies of the invasive strategy should be formulated in such a wayenvironmental opportunities and can be used strengths

One of the most important resources of every country is soil. Today, its erosion and producingdeposit is a difficult that is increasing progressively and causes to lose surface soil of slope,sediment accumulation in reservoirs, sedimentation in channels and enormous damage to theeconomy. In this research the gullies of region Salavat Abad-Bijar was studied. Dimension ofgullies was studied by using field surveys.The parameters of width, depth, the ratio of width todepth, the channel angel and the parameters of gully shape obtained the cross-sections wereestimated. Then these data was clustered by SPSS software and analyzed by the effectiveness ofeach variable in clusters by variance analysis and used mann-whitney U for assessing differenceof each variable with litology. Among of parameters, slope and depth of gullyhave a significantdifference with litology. According to this clustering the gullies is divided into three clusters.The results of test show homogeneity that among the different factors, only slope has beeneffective in the gullies of region and the reminded parameters has not been effectiveness as thedirect factor on gullies, therefore we concludes in the region studied, the morphometric indexescannot interfere in clustering as an effective factor. Also, it was surveyed the difference amongthe numbers of gullies in this span under study along with the factors of the amplitude shape,land use, the sensitive level to gullies, slope and the direction of amplitude by using KruskalwallisH test.The results of this test showed that there is a significant difference among thenumber of gullies with the mentioned factors in the meaningful level of 0.05.

Beaches fringe about 40 per cent of the world’s coastline, and generally consist of unconsolidated deposits of sand and gravel on the shore. More than half the world’s population lives in coastal regions, and many people visit the coast frequently. Beaches have also formed along the fringes of coastal lowlands. In Iran, the river and coastal systems are one of the most important factors in the location of cities, network connections, commerce, tourism, agriculture and areas of industrial development and have high population density and have high population density. Beach systems deal with the interactions between beaches and the processes (waves, currents, tides and winds) that work on them. Case Study at coordinates of geographical longitude of 51, 30, and 00 up to east 52, 45 and 00 and geographical latitude 36, 18, and 55 up to north 36, 44, and 00 with an area of 2068.57 square kilometers in North of Mazandaran Province is located. The main purpose of this paper is to the Identification and morphological classification coastal zones used Shepard Classification method, from Nowshahr to Babolsar. Thus, topographic maps and geology, satellite imagery and geographical information system software in Arc GIS and several field visits from landforms, has been used. The main purpose of this research is to morphological classification of coastal zones from Nowshahr to Babolsar using Shepard classification method. This research is based on the satellite imagery (Landsat, sensors: TM & ETM+, IRS), field observations geological and topographic maps and GIS information. Results of this study, show that the most dominate part of region is covered by Alluvial Plain (with: 42.8%), Pediplain (or Pediment) (with: 16.7%), Lowlands (11.85%), & Flood Plain (9/6%).