Journal of Motor Control and Learning
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2021

Many factors influence manual asymmetry during goal-directed motor tasks, but it is unclear how the manipulation of visuospatial information influences laterality in hand control in aging adults.

To examine age-related changes in manual asymmetry with increased visuospatial processing demands.

Twenty young (M = 20.8, SD = 3 years) and 20 older (M = 69.9, SD = 6 years) right-handed adults participated in a motor task which required pieces to be inserted into spatially mapped holes (Task 1), and a motor plus visuospatial task (Task 2), where the pieces to be inserted were not spatially mapped with the holes. Manual asymmetry was determined using the laterality quotient (LQ), which was computed using time to completion.

Dominant right-hand performance was observed for Task 1 for young adults (LQ = 3.91) and older adults (LQ = 5.14), but for Task 2 a more balanced performance between the hands was found for older adults (LQ = -0.73) versus young adults (LQ = 6.53), p < 0.05.

The reduction in manual asymmetry in Task 2 with age is most likely due to the added demands from increased visuospatial processing, which differentially influenced movement control in older compared to young adults.

Dyad training is one of the new practicing methods which has received growing attention due to its increasing practice efficiency in skills.

The present study aims to investigate the impact of skill level matching in cooperative dyadic interaction on learning forehand table tennis skills in adolescent girls.

Participants were selected based on convenience sampling from among 24 junior high school girls in Nahavand city, and were randomly divided into two groups of Novice-Novice and Novice-Expert. Both groups performed six sessions of participatory dyad training with their respective arrangement (novice- novice, novice- expert), each session consisting of 20 sets of 3-minute with a 1-minute rest time between the sets. Using table tennis forehand shot accuracy test, the motor performance was measured in the pre-test, post-test, retention and transfer stages (merely forehand performance with increasing throwing speed of ball launcher machine).

The results revealed that both Novice-Novice and Novice-Expert groups displayed significant progress learning of table tennis forehand skills. Moreover, the Novice-Expert performed better in the post-test, retention and transfer stages in comparison to the Novice-Novice group.

As a result, Novice-Expert arrangement facilitates learning table tennis forehand skill more than Novice-Novice arrangement during participatory dyad training.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of instructional language types on Perceived Choice, and the learning of darts throwing skill.

Forty-eight female students were randomly divided into three instructional language groups (autonomy-supportive, controlling, neutral). All groups watched a silent clip about darts throwing and subsequently performed 51 throws as their pre-test. On the second day, each group watched a specific clip prepared for them and then performed 51 throws as their post-test. The second clip provided learners with different degrees of choice or control in performing the task. All participants completed choice subscale questions from the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory by McAuley et al. (1991) before the pre-test and after the post-tests.

The results revealed that the instructional language used in the autonomy-supportive group facilitated learning significantly in this group.

Teachers must try to provide situations that promote learnerschr('39') sense of competence and Autonomy which in turn, improves learning.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise intervention on some Event Related Potential and motor performance variables in children with developmental coordination disorder.

In this Quasi-experimental study were selected 28 people with Developmental Coordination Disorder among 7-10 years male students in Tehran. They were screened for study according to the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorder. PsyTask software made by Mitsar Russia was used to build and run the response inhibition test.  Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) was used to measure motor function. The analysis of the covariance was used for data analysis.

The analysis of the covariance the posttest ERP showed that latency of NoGo P300 component in Fz and P4 regions, amplitude of NoGo P300 component in Cz region improved significantly after exercise training. Likewise, the results showed that the experimental group improved significantly in manual dexterity, aiming and catching, balance, but there was no significant change in Threading Lace item.

According to the results of this study, it seems that Physical training interventions has a signification effect on some neuropsychological and motor performance indices of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder.

  During last two decades, researchers have become more interested in psychological development of para-athletes. In fact, psycho-social benefits of para sport are apparent in psychosocial development of para-athletes that needs further consideration.

The objective of this study was to study psychological characteristics of Iranian para-athletes.
 

 A number of 60 purposefully selected Paralympic and Para-Asian athletes (40 males and 20 females) participated in a quasi-structured interview; data were analysed thematically.

 After preliminary processes, para-athletes’ psychological characteristics were categorized in four groups: Athletic identity, mental skills, virtuous relationships, and needs for consultation; each category covers several codes.

Findings are discussed in relation to their significance in para-athlete’s mental health, well-being, and performance. Using psychological characteristics of para-athletes as models to train younger athletes and employing a comprehensive approach to train sport psychologist are suggested.

Having in mind the fact that sports performance is done in environments with different colors, environment color, as one of the environmental constraints, can affect attention, acquisition, learning and also memory. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cold, warm, neutral and favorite colors on short-term memory.

In this quasi-experimental study, 24 male and female students of the Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, with an age range of 22±1.64 participated. Tachistoscope of RT-887 model, produced by Sina Institute of Behavioral Sciences, was used to measure sensory and short-term memory.

The result of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that cold background color resulted in better short-term memory recall than other colors (P≥0.05).

Based on the findings of this study, color, probably, can be considered as one of an environmental factor leading to short term memory improvement. Therefore, it is suggested that cold colors are used in cognitive learning for emphasizing on short term memory.