نامه الهیات
سال دوازدهم شماره 48 (پاییز 1398)

The present article has been done by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of examining the criteria for distinguishing murder from the perspective of Khamseh religions. It is a method of collecting library information. The jurists of the five religions comment on the criteria, forms and instances of intentional, quasi-intentional and erroneous murder. Consequently, the divisions they provide for each are studied and then compared and compared. The five well-known jurisprudential religions (Imamiyya, Shafi'i, Hanafi, Malikiyah, and Hanbaliyah) disagree on the issue of murder and its types based on the criteria set for each type, despite their commonalities. To be. In this article, first the famous opinion or consensus of Imami jurists about the criteria and forms of intentional, quasi-intentional and erroneous murder and consequently the divisions they have provided for each and then the views of the jurists of each of the four Sunni religions about Those criteria have been considered and its distinction has been examined, because the type of murder is determined based on the distinction criterion, and the criminal responsibility of each is determined.

The Qur'an is a large text with its own unique characteristics; With an eloquent and eloquent expression worthy of reflection; That is why it is the source of inspiration and extraction of the rules of rhetoric. On the other hand, since this divine book opens various perspectives and horizons for them in proportion to the understanding of its audience, it is considered as a point of departure and a source of attention for interpretation in the Islamic world. Therefore, the translator and interpreter of this text must have the necessary scientific competencies and sufficient knowledge of linguistic subtleties and rhetorical sciences; And the lack of sufficient mastery over the mentioned cases and lack of knowledge of how to pronounce the words of the Qur'an and the meanings and individual and compound rules and meanings in those words, etc. will cause a defect in the correct and accurate translation and interpretation of the verses. This research, which is written in a descriptive-analytical manner (using written library tools), tries to explain the correct method of critique, relying on the subject of "exclusion and Qasr (a branch of semantics), to compare and contrast five translations of Surah Makki. Based on this analysis and analogy, let us first get a more accurate understanding of the verse in question, and in The degree of observance of the early and later translators (Tabari, Razi, Fooladvand, Makarem and Ansarian) is determined in the discussion of the siege.

The importance and position of the family institution as the core of human societies and the pivotal role of family formation in Islamic societies are directly related to marriage. The coexistence of two opposite sexes together only in the religious framework and formally creates an executive guarantee and is considered legal. Therefore, anything that is achieved through other principles is in the category of unstable communication and may be considered as a limitation for relatives and family originality. Marriage means the creation of a marriage between a man and a woman, which in custom, law and order, is an important and sacred marital covenant that creates moral, legal and social obligations for both men and women. One of the most obvious and tangible examples of this case is the permanent marriage, common among the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity and Islam. It is accepted and has legitimacy that in this research will be the place of study and I wish it would be the most. On the other hand, regarding the emerging phenomenon of white marriage, we should refer to the social and organizational system of Western countries, where in recent years and the establishment of emotional and marital ties in this structure has been promoted outside of legal issues and traditional traditions. Informal and illegal marriage has a special place that has become more or less popular due to cultural exchanges in Islamic societies, including our own country. From the author's point of view, temporary marriage and white marriage are two separate categories. So that one was derived from the doctrinal foundations of Islamic societies and the other originated from the unsettled customs and social requirements of other societies, and while they corresponded to each other in some aspects, but in some ways we see strong differences between the two issues.

Enforcement guarantee is a direct or indirect means to fulfill legal requirements (including orders and prohibitions) or compensation for damage or in other words is a tool that ensures the effective implementation of legal rules and is used by public forces in society. This is divided into civil and criminal enforcement guarantees. Forgery of a term in jurisprudence and law means to deceive another and to persuade him to perform an action. That is, one party deliberately deceives the other party by its fraudulent actions. It can be considered as an example of ta'zir punishment. In Articles 5 and 647 of the Islamic Penal Code, the legislature has criminalized forgery and the model deserves punishment.

The main themes of the Qur'an are one of the most important works of Fadl al-Rahman in resolving the conflict between Islam and the modern world. In this work, he reminds us that if our understanding of the Qur'an is based on the main spirit of the Qur'an, namely Qur'anic ethics, we will receive a single and coherent message and meaning of the Qur'an. This book can be considered as a coherent report on the contents of the Qur'an with a new perspective and in this respect it is an important and valuable book. In this book, after an introduction in expressing his views on the method of interpretation of traditional commentators and referring to the views of Westerners about the Qur'an, Fazl-ur-Rehman examines the important themes of the Qur'an in eight chapters. The present study seeks to answer the question that what are the most important contents and theories of Fadl al-Rahman in the book of the main themes of the Qur'an and how it is analyzed? In order to answer this question, the achievements of this research are examined through descriptive-analytical in four sections: 1- Belief opinions 2- Social-legal opinions 3- Ethical opinionsalDefinitions of al-Prefix1variant spelling of ad- assimilated before -l (as in alleviate, allocate ).Suffix1(forming adjectives) relating to; of the kind of.1the chemical element aluminum.Abbreviation1Alabama (in official postal use).3 more definitions