Journal of Chemical Reviews
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

Continual and excessive accumulation of coloured contaminants discharged into various water bodies by many industries (textile, leather, paper, dyestuff and plastic) in our environment leading to direct and indirect contamination and pollution of our water system endanger human and aquatic lives. The thermal and photostability nature of these coloured contaminants which makes them difficult to be eliminated from our water system is of great concern. Researchers are continually putting massive attention on the possibilities of improving existing methods and technologies, developing novel strategies, and bring about solutions to subdue these dye-related water contamination problems which will be economically and environmentally friendly. One of the most sustainable technology or method employed in the decontamination and purification of coloured wastewater is adsorption. It possesses several advantages as it has simple and easy design of operation and is highly economical. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) play substantial roles under this application as a new class of porous adsorbents that are characterized by a highly crystalline molecular structure and relatively large surface area which is a significant parameter to be considered in adsorption processes. They are also recommended as a good choice of sorbents employed in wastewater purification technologies as a result of their tunable features. This research study aimed at providing a comprehensive review of recent studies on the adsorptive use of MOFs for the removal of these developing organic pollutants from wastewater.

Treatments of various diseases in pharmacology through herbs have begun a long time ago. Herbal medicines have been in practice since time immemorial, and over 80% of the global population depends on medicinal plants to treat disease. Medicinal plants contain active ingredients for functional therapeutics purposes, such as antimicrobial agents. Examples of those medicinal plants are found in different plant species belonging to different families such as Boraginaceae, Loranthaceae, Urticaceae, Plantaginaceae, Loganiaceae, Lamiaceae, among others. The genus, Strychnos belongs to the family of Loganiaceae and consists of about 200 species. Isolated compounds and antimicrobial of a few species from the Strychnos genus have been reported recently. This review aimed to detail the isolated compounds and antimicrobial efficacy of selected Strychnos species reported within 2014 – 2021. Based on the MIC result, the antimicrobial efficacy indicated that extracts of S. madagacariensis and S. pungens have the highest activity against S. typhi, extract of S. lucida have highest activity against B. cereus and S. pyogenes, extract of S. spinosa showed better activity against K. pneumonia and B. subtilis, extract of S. nux-vomica has highest activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis while extract of S. colubrine exhibited excellent activity against C. perfringens. About thirty compounds belonging to alkaloids, terpenoid, terpene, steroids and other class and their pharmacological properties were reviewed in this study. This is concluded that the Strychnos species under this review contains a wide variety of compounds belonging to different classes of phytochemical, possessing significant antimicrobial activity.

Benzimidazole and its derivatives have a lot of diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer activity. Different benzimidazole derivatives in good yield produced by condensation of ortho-phenyl diamine with aromatic aldehyde using various catalysts. In this work, we reviewed many microwaves assisted reactions involving the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives.

Increased natural and human activities over the last century have led to excess levels of inorganic and organic pollutants into the environment and natural ecosystems. This review critically examines heavy metal and organic pollutants' role in wood treatment sites and their etiological consequences. These pollutants are not only recalcitrant but also tenacious to degradation under ordinary conditions. Although some heavy metals are essential to human health, they are toxic at elevated concentrations. Heavy metals feature carcinogenic properties and cause serious health risks to live systems and the environment because of their bio-accumulative, non-degenerative, and refractory characteristics. On the other hand, organic pollutants are readily introduced into the ecosystem from irresponsible use of detergents, volatile organic compounds, paints, pesticides, and wood preservatives. During the wood treatment process, various chemicals are used to enhance durability. Nevertheless, the use of wood preservatives such as chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) potentially induces pollutants considered detrimental to human health and the ecological environment. Remediation of wood treatment sites using phytomanagement strategies and nanotechnologies has been presented in this review. Therefore, some challenges and recommendations for further research and applications are herein presented.

Scale corrosion is the worst type of corrosion compared to other types of corrosion due to the tendency to attack pipes is higher even when the pipes are made of non-metals such as polymers. Scaling can cause technical issues such as equipment and pipe obstruction, as well as significant damage and financial losses.This review focuses and outlines the types of scale corrosion, scale corrosion control methods such as chemical methods and non-chemical methods (preventing scale formation), scale corrosion removal methods, and scale corrosion monitoring processes. Finally, we provide some perspectives effect of CO2, O2, and H2S on scale corrosion.