دو ماهنامه بررسی های بازرگانی
سال بیستم شماره 113 (خرداد و تیر 1401)

One of the determining factors in the process of globalization is the flow of foreign investment. Among the factors affecting investor flows, the exchange rate is considered one of the determining factors. Therefore, considering the importance of the role of exchange rate uncertainty in economic growth and development of countries, in this study using the nonlinear Markov-switching approach to investigate the effects of real exchange rate uncertainty on foreign direct investment in Iran during 1992-2017. Has been. The results show that the real exchange rate uncertainty in the first regime has a negative effect and in the second regime has a positive effect on FDI absorption. On the other hand, the degree of trade openness and GDP growth rate in both regimes one and two have increased FDI absorption. Inflation rate has a negative effect on the first regime and a positive effect on FDI absorption in the second regime. Inflation and exchange rates in the first regime have a negative effect and in the second regime have a positive effect on FDI absorption. Finally, the variable of the realization of oil revenues (indicating the effect of sanctions) in the first regime has a positive effect and in the second regime has a negative effect on attracting foreign direct investment in Iran.

Laljin city is one of the most important pottery production centers in Iran and this capability has made it the first pottery export in the country, having the third place in attracting tourists in Hamedan province, after Hamedan city and Ali Sadr cave. But the Laljin pottery industry, despite its advantages, currently lacks a systematic structure in creating and commercializing innovation, and the few successful innovations of the industry in recent years have relied on the initiative of a small number of lucrative pottery makers. This article describes the structure of Laljin's pottery industry's innovative activities from an ecosystem perspective and throughout its life cycle using the Grounded Theory method and in-depth interviews with 59 individuals representing the actors involved in the industry and related experts. Finally, solutions were provided to revitalize this ecosystem. In this paper, three models, based on the Grounded Theory paradigm model, are presented to analyze the history of the Laljin Pottery Innovation Ecosystem and one model to revitalize this ecosystem. The results show that the most important proposed solutions in this regard are the establishment of a ceramic research institute, the establishment of industrial research and development centers, the launch of a specialized ceramic accelerator, and the deepening of cooperation between ecosystem actors.

The purpose of this research is to study and survey of the Iranian Bunkering industry in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. This research is applied in terms of purpose and methodologically qualitative-quantitative with an exploratory approach. Its statistical population consists of two parts: one part of the qualitative statistical population consists of experts in the Bunkering industry and the quantitative part includes managers and staff of companies active in the Iranian Bunkering industry. Experts were selected through the snowball sampling method and the managers and experts of companies involved in the Bunkering industry were selected by the complete census sampling method. Data gathering tool is a questionnaire whose formal validity was confirmed by experts and its construct validity by the statistical methods. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed using software SPSS and Lisrel (The period of data collection and research information is 1398). Finally, the findings of the Delphi technique showed that the six variables of port software and hardware infrastructures, sustainable fuel supply, cost of providing services with competitive price, supply of other ancillary services, port rules and regulations and geographical advantages have an impact on the development of the bunkering industry. The results also showed that Iran's Bunkering industry is not in a desirable position due to the identified indices.

Supply Chain is a network of facilities and distribution centers that performs operation of preparation, conversion of raw materials into products and distribution of the final product to the customer. Recent technological, organizational and economic advances in comprehensive health systems have provided patients with more access to treatment. Despite this progress, improvements in health infrastructure and supply chain management are inevitable. Therefore, proper use of appropriate drugs with the right combination for the right patient at the right amount at the right time is essential for the safety and recovery of the disease. Therefore, in this paper, a drug supply chain network with considering discount on the green supply chain, including a pharmacy, a distribution center and a recycling center with a number of drugstores is studied, consisting of two homogeneous vehicle routing sections. A distribution center for medicines and a recycling center for pharmaceutical waste are set up. This research is solved by using the Epsilon constraint method with software of GAMs and after sensitivity analysis it is determined that the most important parameters are demand and then lost unit cost and unit hold cost. In other words, GAMs can solve this model for up to 5 nodes and 11 periods.

The integration of food companies with their distribution channel members improves the financial and market performance of both parties in a competitive environment. Push promotion strategies are an effective tool for integrating manufacturers with distribution channel members. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of basic and Kinder and Gentler push promotion strategies on the integration of producer and distribution channel members under the pragmatism paradigm and with a mixed approach. For this purpose, after studying the research literature and semi-structured interviews with 12 academic and executive experts, the components and indicators for measuring basic and Kinder and Gentler push promotion strategies were determined. Then, research questionnaires with 5 Likert scales were designed and distributed among 311 managers and experts of companies operating in the food industry, the number of which was estimated by GPower software. The collected data were analyzed to test the hypotheses and the model using Smart PLS3 software. The results confirmed the research hypotheses and showed that active companies in the food industry can move towards integration with their distributors through push-based promotion strategies and improve the knowledge and technology of the food industry, reduce inventory and Warehousing costs, improve market performance and service levels.

This study aims to model instant purchase in the Iranian retail industry.The method of this research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and its approach is heuristic. Sandlovsky and Barroso's seven-stage paradigm was used. The statistical population in the qualitative section is a collection of previous studies (1980 to 2020) and sampling in this section was considered divergent and according to the validity of the sources, so 10 studies with similar topics were used and factors affecting immediate purchase. Divided into 5 categories; (factors related to sales environment, factors related to the customer, factors related to the product, social factors and demographic factors) and in a quantitative part; The statistical population included all customers of Hyper star Eram and its sampling method was improbably easy. The statistical sample size was 384 people and 499 questionnaires were distributed among customers and the structural equation modeling method was used to investigate the effect of the extracted components on immediate purchase.The results showed that the sales environment has the greatest impact, followed by customer, product, social factors and demographics in the second to fifth ranks, respectively.

Today, customers can interact with the firm at any stage of production, from design to supply. This type of interaction should be a two-way process, leading to mutual learning. In other words, based on new approaches, customers and suppliers will be able to work together to create shared value. The purpose of this study is to provide a decision-making framework in the relationship between the firm and the consumer based on the creation of shared value in the home appliance industry in Tehran. In this study, network analysis (ANP) technique was used. The research findings were analyzed in Excel and Super decision environments. Decision makers in this study completed 12 questionnaires related to ANP method. The weight and ranking of each criterion was done using the ANP technique and finally the final weight obtained from the ANP method was obtained and the final ranking of the criteria was done based on it. Based on the findings of the study, the effective factors in the home appliance industry including three managerial and strategic factors, human factors and systemic factors with the number of sub-criteria 11, 4 and 7 and weights of 0.435, 0.389, and . 0 / 177, respectively They were.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk in the supply chain with financial constraints and financial performance. The statistical population of this study is the managers, accountants and financial experts of companies active in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the field of food that are active in 1399. This research is based on the structural equation model in which the supply chain risk variable includes four components of supplier risk, producer risk and distributor risk and end customer risk, financing constraint variable includes price and non-price constraints and The financial performance variable has three components: cost management, risk management and value management. These questionnaires were sent randomly to 230 people, out of which 201 questionnaires that were fully answered all questions were returned. Using the equations of structure and software of Emos, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed and the hypotheses of this research were evaluated and evaluated. The results of this study show that risk in the supply chain is related to financial constraints and financial performance and the relationship between supply chain risk and financial performance is negative and significant and positively and significantly related to financial constraints.