فصلنامه لسان مبین (پژوهش ادب عرب)
پیاپی 49 (پاییز 1401)

The ego and the other dialectic is one of the most important topics in Arabic texts in general and Palestinian texts in particular. This dialectic is a prominent figure in the work of many Palestinian writers. Samih Al-Qasim is a poet who fought for his homeland after going through difficult conditions in facing the enemies. Through this image, Al-Qasim is able to portray an aspect of his life, whether it is an intrinsic or social issue. This research tries to clarify the image of the ego and the other in Al-Qasim's poetry by descriptive-analytical method. And to look for different types of the " ego", as well as how to draw the image of the "other" in his resistance poems. And this reveals the reality of the Palestinian people, their worries, their hopes, their thoughts and their pains. One of the most important findings of the research is that the image of "ego" is manifested in different types. And the meaning of "individual self" is the same Fighting poet. And the "social self" means any Palestinian who has suffered injustice and oppression to this day and has tasted the bitter taste. It seems that the poet has expanded the "ego" to unite with his Society. The poet depicts the "ego" in a situation opposite to the "other". And has a hostile attitude and a negative viewpoint. And this is evidenced by the poems of his resistance. But the other foreigner is the United Nations and the Zionist enemy,

Communication is one of the main components of social life that sometimes appears non-verbally in literary texts and poets and writers have used it as an effective means to convey concepts and achieve their literary goals. Naguib al-Kilani is an Egyptian Muslim writer and theorist of Islamic literature. His novel "Giants of the North" tells the story of a young Muslim, describes the state of life of the Nigerian people, and addresses the cultural and religious confrontation between Islamic and colonial currents. In this work the author uses non-verbal communication tools such as facial behaviors (laughing, crying, eye contact, changing cheek color) and body movements (head, hand, foot, etc.). The present study seeks to explain the semantic relationships based on non-verbal communication in this novel in a descriptive-analytical manner and with an interdisciplinary approach (semiotics, communication science and psychology) and also to show the extent of the use of non-verbal messages. The findings show that the author made the most of body and face behaviors and used non-verbal messages as a complementary element of verbal messages to better convey the meaning and credibility of the events of the story. Non-verbal communication channels in this novel often express the spiritual and psychological behaviors of the characters such as inner purity, anxiety, shame, thinking, happiness, gratitude, etc., and in them show the basic human needs such as need. I do not like to eat, drink or sleep.

According to the determinant role of the images in transferring the curricular concepts, the present study analyzed the Arabic textbooks images based on social semiotics approach of Kress and Van Leeuwen. Statistical population was the Arabic textbooks of 7th to 9th grade of year 1400 SH. The statistical sample was 15 main images, randomly selected from every three grades. The images analyzed according to representational, interactive, and compound metafunctions. On the level of representational meaning, the analysis showed that visual patterns used for images are both narrative and conceptual. These patterns are assistive for students in achieving different information from events, measurement, and instruction of people; therefore, using these two patterns are the positive points of the images of these textbooks. Analysis of the images in the level of interactive metafunction indicated that most of the images are in the provider and exhibitive mood and stands as information source and thought topic for the viewer. Also, the visual angle of most of the images is from the front view and on the eye level which is consistent with curricular aims of the images in textbooks. Analysis of the images at the level of compound metafunction demonstrate that in the most images there is no complete coherence and proportion between texts and images, so it is suggested to revise the images by the writers.

The employment of psychological persuasion and evacuation mechanisms has a special status in the world literature. And Arabic literature - especially in the Umayyed era - is not an exception regarding this common psychological approach. Hence, these two psychological mechanisms have a high dynamic in the literature of this period. Farazdaq is an Umayyed poet who has masterfully utilized these two mechanisms to achieve his goals and objectives through poetic exaggerations. In this study, the authors aim to reveal Farazdaq's attempt in his poem to carry out the process of psychological revealing of his enemies or admirers, in order to use exaggeration in their persuasion and psychological evacuation through psychological analysis‚ and this method helps us to penetrate the poet’s subconscious by analyzing his poems to achieve his goals in this field. With the help of common principles of psychology, we explored the motivations that led Farazdaq to choose an array of exaggerations to persuade or psychologically drain his audience. This study showed that the audience's psychological reading has a strong support in Farazdaq's poetry, and based on this psychological reading, the poet has chosen exaggeration as an effective technique to persuade or empty the audience. We also became acquainted with an important part of the psychological current that governs Farzadaq's poetry and the motivations that led him to employ persuasion and psychological evacuation equipped by exaggeration, and we found psychological signs of these motivations.

Thanatos is one of the parties to the structure of Freud's psychological conflict, which is a conflict between two human tendencies. According to this theory, this conflict is based on two types of instincts: the death instinct (Thanatos), which is the instinct that leads man to oppression and destruction, and the life instinct (Eros), which is the instinct whose activities are to preserve egoism and self-protection. Targets. Qasim Mohammad Majid Al-Saedi, a contemporary Iraqi poet, has gone through poetic experiences between life and death. He grew up in the flames of war. Like all Iraqis, he tasted disasters and drank the cup of death, and the actions engraved pain and alienation in his heart. Hence, it is natural for his texts to be known by the scent of death. The Iraq dark situation becomes overwhelming, and death has been obscured everything surrounding it so that death has become a central theme in most of his poems, including “Days of an Extinct Man”. Since, in Freud's view, wars are nothing but manifestations of oppressive behavior, the researcher chose this divan to adapt Freud's theory about Thanatos so that they could reveal the images of Thanatos and its representation and discover the poet's view about death and its angles.

The title represents the true identity of the poetic text, which is the text, the meaning, and what is meant by the reduced image. In fact, the initial semantic illuminations emanate from the threshold of the title and direct the title of the textual readability. In the light of this fact, Mahmoud Abdel Wahhab considered him the wealth of the poetic text for his great contribution to expressing the identity of the poetic text, pampering and guiding the recipient when he faces the blockages of the text and its pitfalls that prevent access to the textual truth. This research paper attempts, by relying on the semiotic vision, to address textual thresholds, especially the mother title in the book “I grieve the water as a river” by Ihab Al-Shalabi. Semantic. The pivotal signifier from a semiotic perspective in Shalabi’s poetic discourse is the focus on the act of resistance and the implantation of certainty of the occupier’s exit and return to life and joy. Which ranges from a group of connotations, semantic rumors, and the reporting function of the important functions of the title, and it is replete with intense suggestions and references that reveal the identity of the poetic text. The real presence that would return the land to its original identity and its legendary time, we see the paradox