نشریه توسعه پایدار شهری
پیاپی 8 (پاییز 1401)

Borujerd has a valuable historical context. But due to lifestyle changes, immigration and economic changes, a large part of the valuable context of this city has undergone major transformations and changes in recent decades. In this regard, it is essential to know the spatial and physical organization of the houses of this city and analyze the patterns used in them. The main question in this research is: over time (from Qajar to Pahlavi period), what changes have occurred in the spatial and physical structure of the Qajar and Pahlavi houses of the historical context of Borujerd city? The method of conducting this research actually includes analytical-descriptive methods and software analysis. Its strategy is the space syntax method and its complement is the collection of case samples and their analysis. The research consists of two stages. The first part includes library and documentary studies as well as field observation and observation. In the second part, which is a quantitative research approach, selected case examples are analyzed with the help of specialized software of space syntax. The result of this research shows that despite the common introversion structure of Qajar and Pahlavi period houses in the historical context of Borujerd city, tremendous changes have happened in these houses from Qajar to Pahlavi period. This issue can be seen in terms of the physical structure of the space, which includes the pattern of formation, the geometry of the building, the size of the building, the decorations used in the building, the diversity and multiplicity of spaces. Also, it can be seen in terms of the spatial configuration of the houses, which includes the appropriate layering of the spatial complex plan, permeability, attention to privacy and the creation of appropriate hierarchies of the houses of the Qajar period compared to the Pahlavi.

Home, as the main place of contemporary human life, should respond to the needs, beliefs and values of its residents. Spatial structure affects the behavior and visual qualities experienced by humans. The topic of the article is to investigate and analyze the relationship between the components of the spatial syntax of traditional houses in the city of Rasht and the visual quality experienced by the users of the space in these houses. In order to achieve this goal, the factors and components of the spatial structures affecting the experiences gained from space according to the space background of these houses were obtained in the depthmap software, relying on the indicators of isovist drift angle, visual connection and mean depth. Visibility has been measured, then for validation and validity of the analysis done in this software, visual qualities have been evaluated through field survey and data collection with questionnaire. The measurement of the correlation of visual experiences related to each index (according to the background of the research) is based on a five-point Likert scale and was measured with the help of SPSS software with the help of Pearson's correlation coefficient. The findings of the research show a significant relationship between the visual qualities related to each isovist index according to the background of the research with the visual qualities experienced in the environment through field survey. The results of this research confirm the relationship and correlation between the quantitative indicators of the depth map software and the qualitative indicators obtained from the visual experiences perceived from the space. These results can potentially be used in the simultaneous measurement of spatial arrangement indicators. The visual experience received in residential spaces is effective.

Although architectural education has been searching for new educational models (student-centered, collaborative and analytical rather than informational and teacher oriented ones), it has not yet found its true educational model because of its design-oriented and proximity to architectural practice. The default of this research is that architectural education has a different nature than architectural practice. This means that merely designing and carrying out architectural projects is not a sufficient education, and it requires different processes and methods to achieve the right output into independent architectural designers. While the general perception is that the willingness and ability to respond to new problems and methods is largely internal and individual, new researches suggest that creativity is a skill that can be taught. Metacognition as the cognition of cognition, or simply, is a kind of reflective awareness of the upcoming action and a new topic in the area of creativity science. Metacognitive knowledge guides people to choose, evaluate, revise, or set aside cognitive tasks, goals and strategies according to their abilities and interests. Measuring and confirming this point leads to questioning common-sense understanding of the creative design process. There is an urgent need to get back to the issue of cognition and revise the knowledge about the creative design. After broad research in literature, using analytical comparison methods, this research has examined the effects of structural metacognitive skills on the development of creative thinking ability, for two groups of architectural students in the in two different semesters. The results show that the transfer of this ability in the design process affects the knowledge and surround of students on the subject of design, quality and its result.

In recent decades, human health and quality of life have been threatened in the world, especially in developing countries, by ever-growing population, cities expansion, expanding the dimensions of destruction and pollution. If we consider "Sustainable development" as a fundamental approach to urban planning, focusing on health at the head of urban development plans implies city movement towards sustainable development. Tehran, the first metropolis in Iran with a population of 8737510, is constantly declining in many aspects of urban health. Its citizens struggle with different dimensions and species of pollution in their city. Therefore, measuring the urban health status in Tehran is necessary. In this research, case studies are from different levels of development in Tehran concerning the specific features of each of these levels. The neighborhoods are "Tajrish" in region 1, "Bazaar" in region 12, and "Esmaeilabad" in region 19. The research tries to provide significant indicators of a healthy city based on the dimensions of the sustainable development approach, status determination of the health indicators, and providing strategies for improving health. This research is a mixed method, and various techniques like field studies, interviews, questionnaires, documentary studies, data and related software helped us to determine each indicator's status according to its specific nature. Considering the population of the studied areas and using the Cochran formula, we completed 283 questionnaires with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.766 in the pre-test phase. We analyzed those by using SPSS and related software. The results of the comparative comparison show that in the field of social viability, economic competitiveness, and environmental sustainability and the sub-clauses in each dimension, the overall trend of the results indicates a relatively direct relevance between the development level and urban health component. Although there is a low general average of urban health indicators in all three neighborhoods, Tajrish has a higher average than other neighborhoods in most cases. It is necessary to take new measures to prevent the spread of health gaps in different parts of Tehran by using new solutions appropriate to the nature of each indicator.

Building walls are one of the main building components and elements that are considered in the topic of climate design. Ignoring and not paying attention to how the walls are structured can lead to significant energy wastage. In this article, it is intended to design a building wall sample inspired by nature (hierarchical diatom structure) and evaluate it in terms of energy consumption conditions. Nature, as the mother of man and all creatures and a source full of ideas, technology and all tested phenomena, can be a stable source for creating ideas and modeling it for humans in order to reduce the effects of various crises. It seems that the solution to all human crises, including crises and energy shortages, identity crisis, which appear in the form of various and fragmented identities, is all under the shelter of nature. According to the successful experiences of nature in the correct way of energy consumption, it seems that by observing and discovering nature in order to model a structure of it, can obtain acceptable results in energy consumption management. In this research, a wall with the help of Rhino software and Grass hoper plugin constructed, inspired by a type of diatoms - a structure of algae - has been designed and evaluated with the help of the software. In this research, the building wall in a temperate and humid climate has been evaluated with the help of Rhino software and Grasshoper plugin, inspired by a type of diatoms with the help of Ecotect Analysis 2010 software. The results of this research show that walls modeled by nature lose less heat in the cold seasons of the year and gain less heat in the hot seasons of the year compared to other conditions. Also, the thermal diagrams among the zones show that the greatest decrease in temperature in the hot seasons of the year among the zones is observed in the walls covered with the genetic pattern. This problem indicates that these walls act like a filter against the outside air. According to the climate studies of Babolsar city and the prevailing need for heating in this city, it seems that the use of shells modeled on nature will bring the temperature inside the space closer to the comfort temperature. Therefore, these walls will perform better in annual energy consumption. Also, the findings indicate that if biomimetic adaptive walls are used, the temperature inside the space will be close to comfort temperature in more hours of the year. It is obvious that by returning to nature and identifying the hidden patterns in it, we can take a step towards the stability and durability of buildings and pay attention to the protection of the ecosystem. The flexibility and adaptability of biomimetic models show how biological strategies and properties can enhance and improve performance in different environments, just as the organisms that inspire innovation are already well adapted to conditions on Earth. It is obvious that by returning to nature and identifying the hidden patterns in it, one can take a step towards the stability of buildings and preserving the ecosystem.

Today, the topic of social identity and life is one of important urban life issue. The identity of urban spatial, as the main content of distinguished urban face and the representation of competition and urban attraction, is vital in development process for cities. Along with fast urbanization and the expansion of cities, issued related to the identity of urban spatial crisis has been distinguished. The purpose of this research is to test and investigate the status of urban identity indicators in urban regions in region 8 of Shiraz. The current research is an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical based on analyzing questionnaire in terms of nature. In this research, 342 individuals were selected as statistical sample by using Cochran formula and Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.861 rese calculated that indicates an appropriate validity of research’s tool. SPSS software was used for analyzing information and GIS software was used to draw map. The findings of the research showed that the status of urban identity indicators is less than the medium level (2.45) in the region 8 of Shiraz. Also, the results of James Howell test for testing and investigating differences between the neighborhoods of the region 8 of Shiraz in terms of urban identity in general indicated that the level of urban identity indicators in Sardezak neighborhood is higher than other neighborhoods in the mentioned region. Also, in terms of urban identity landscape, Darv shazde region has more appropriate situation than other neighborhoods of Bazar morgh and Sang siah. There is no significant difference between Bazar morgh and Sang siah neighborhoods in therms of urban identity.