Journal of Crop Nutrition Science
Volume:7 Issue: 2, Spring 2021

Gibberellins may play a key role in many metabolic pathways affecting these characteristics, such as chlorophyll production and degradation, translocation of assimilates, nitrogen metabolism, and nitrogen redistribution. The current study was conducted to assess the effect of different amount and time of apply Gibberellin acid on growth curves and crop production of Broad bean. This research was done via factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2010 year. The treatments included different concentration of Gibberellin (nonuse of Gibberellin or control, 5 ppm, 50 ppm and 250 ppm) and time of application Gibberellin (Vegetative growth before flowering, flowering until pod emergence, Pod emergence until grain filing). Result of analysis of variance revealed effects of different amount, time of apply Gibberellin acid and interaction effect of treatments on seed yield was significant at 5% probability level. Compare different level of Gibberellin acid concentration revealed maximum amount of seed yield (2761 kg.ha-1), leaf area index (2.43), total dry matter (3750 gr.m-2), relative growth rate (0.049 gr.gr.day-1), crop growth rate (34 gr.m-2.day-1) and net assimilation rate (7.5 gr.m-2.day-1) belonged to 50 ppm Gibberellin acid and lowest ones was for control treatment. Also among different time of apply Gibberellin acid, maximum amount of mentioned traits was for Vegetative growth before flowering phase and the lowest one belonged to pod emergence until grain filing. Consume 50 ppm Gibberellin acid concentration at vegetative growth before flowering phase had the highest amount of crop production and growth indices and it can be advised to farmers.

Fertilizer management plays an important role for obtaining satisfactory yields and to increase crop productivity. Nutrient management may be achieved by the involvement of organic sources, bio fertilizers, and micro-nutrients.
Current study was done to assess effect of different rate of combination fertilizer and biological fertilizer and type of application biofertilizer on physiological traits of Wheat crop.
This research was carried out via factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2020-2021 year. The treatments included different rate of combination Nitrogen fertilizer and Biofertilizer (Fla Wheat) (a1: 100% nitrogen with nonuse of Fla Wheat as control or N100/F0, a2: 70% Nitrogen with Fla Wheat or N70/F1, a3: 40% Nitrogen with Fla Wheat or N40/F1) and several methods of applying biofertilizer (Fla Wheat) (b1: 100% Seed treatment, b2: 100% by irrigation, b3: 50% seed treatment with 50% by irrigation).
According result of analysis of variance effect of different level of fertilizer combination, method of application fertilizer and interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits (instead leaf area index, net assimilation rate and crop growth rate) was significant. Mean comparison result of different level of Fertilizer combination indicated that maximum total dry matter, leaf area index, net assimilation rate, crop growth rate and seed yield was noted for N100/F0 and minimum of that belonged to N40/F2 treatment (along all growth stages). As for Duncan classification made with respect to different level of Method of application fertilizer maximum and minimum amount of significant traits belonged to M3 and M2 treatment.
The use of 70% nitrogen treatment with Fla Wheat biofertilizer (despite a 28% reduction in grain yield and 23% grain protein compared to the control) leads to less chemical fertilizer consumption and a move towards sustainable agriculture and is recommended to farmers. Also apply of Fla Wheat 50% at seed treatment with 50% by irrigation lead to achieve maximum amount of measured traits.

In organic agriculture, the main goal is increasing and maintains soil quality with a high biological activity. Also for economic production keep equilibrium between fertilizer and biofertilizer is necessary in sustainable agriculture.
Determine effect of different level of water deficit stress and combined effect of nitrogen fertilizer and vermicompost on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Sorghum crop.
Current study was done via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications. The main factor consisted water deficit stress at three level (A1: 70, A2: 100 and A3: 130 mm Class A evaporation pan) and combined effect of nitrogen fertilizer and vermicompost at five level (B1: 100% Nitrogen; 100% pure nitrogen equivalent to 200 kg per hectare, B2: 75% Nitrogen+25% Vermicompost, B3: 50% Nitrogen+50% Vermicompost, B4: 25% Nitrogen+75% Vermicompost, B5: 100% Vermicompost) belonged to sub plot.
Result of analysis of variance revealed effect of water deficit stress and combination nitrogen with vermicompost on all studied characteristics was significant but interaction effect of treatments was not significant (instead seed and biologic yield). Assessment mean comparison result indicated in different level of water deficit stress the maximum amount of leaf area index (4.15), number of seed per raceme (25.13), Chlorophyll index (53.04 Spad), Chlorophyll a (2.23 mg.g-1), Chlorophyll b (1.38 mg.g-1), Seed yield (4030.55 kg.ha-1), Biologic yield (1161.52 gr.m-2) and Harvest index (34.52%) was noted for 70 mm evaporation pan class A and minimum of that belonged to 130 mm evaporation pan class A treatment, but Protein percentage had reverse trend. Compare different level of combination nitrogen with vermicompost showed highest and lowest amount of mentioned traits belonged to 75% nitrogen+25% vermicompost and 100% vermicompost treatment.
Generally result of current research proved the treatment of 75% nitrogen+25% vermicompost treatment under 70 mm evaporation pan class A produced highest amount of crop production and it can advised to farmers.

Addition of fertilizers to supplement the natural soil fertility is essential for modern crop production, and precise management of nutrient elements is essential for a sustainable agriculture production.
The current research was conducted to assessment effect of different level of Methanol and Zinc fertilizer on seed yield and its components of Cowpea.
This study was carried out according Factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2018 year. The test factors consisted of different levels of Methanol in distilled water at three levels (a1: the absence of methanol or control, a2: 10% Vol., a3: 20% Vol.) and zinc fertilizer (b1: the lack of zinc or control, b2: 2 per thousand, b3: 4 per thousand).
According result of analysis of variance effect of different level of Methanol and zinc fertilizer and interaction effect of treatments (number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed weight and harvest index) on all studied traits were significant. Among different level of Methanol the maximum amount of number of pods per m2 (117.45), number of pods per plant (14.42), number of seeds per pod (11.4), seed weight (23.04 gr), seed yield (218.08 gr.m-2), biologic yield (522.33 gr.m-2) and harvest index (41.75%) was obtained for 20% Vol. Methanol and the minimum of mentioned traits were for control treatment. Assessment mean comparison result of different level of zinc fertilizer showed the highest amount of measured traits belonged to 4 per thousand concentration (also it doesn’t have significant differences with 2 per thousand) and lowest ones was for control.
Finally according result of current research application 20%vol. Methanol and 2 per thousand concentrations Zinc Chelate had the highest amount of studied traits and it can be advice to producers in studied region.

Copper is an essential plant nutrient that plays an efficient role in chlorophyll development, and protein formation from amino acids and gives rigidity to plant because copper strengthens plant cell wall. In all crops Cu is essential for more than 30 enzymes which acts as redox catalysts like nitrate reductase, cytochrome oxidase or act as dioxygen carrier like heamocynin.
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentration and stage of foliar application of Copper on growth curves and crop production of Cowpea.
This research was carried out via factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2017 year. The treatments included different concentration of Copper foliar application (a1: none use of copper or control, a2: 150 gr.ha-1, a3: 300 gr.ha-1, a4: 450 gr.ha-1) and Copper foliar application at different growth stage (b1: apply at vegetative stage, b2: beginning of flowering stage, b3: beginning of pod formation).
According result of analysis of variance effect of different concentration and growth stage of foliar application of Copper (instead crop growth rate) on all measured traits was significant at 1% probability level but interaction effect of treatments was not significant (instead seed yield). The highest seed yield with an average of 220 gr.m-2 of foliar application of 300 gr.ha-1 of copper in the vegetative and early flowering stage (which was not statistically significant with the treatment of foliar application of 150 gr.ha-1 of copper in the vegetative stage) and The lowest one was obtained from the non-foliar application of copper in the early stage of pod formation at the rate of 160 gr.m-2.
Generally, due to the positive response of the cowpea to the copper in terms of growth, seed yield and its components, the use of copper fertilizer in fields where the concentration of this element in their soil is less than critical level, consumption of 150 gr.ha-1 of copper foliar application in the vegetative stage in Ahvaz region is recommended.

Fertilizer management plays an important role for obtaining satisfactory yields and to increase crop productivity. Nutrient management may be achieved by the involvement of organic sources, bio fertilizers, and micro-nutrients. Studies have shown that long-term use of fertilizers reduces crop yields. This decrease is due to the acidification of the soil, the reduction of biological activity of the soil and the inappropriate physical properties of the soil. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different level of growth stage of use seaweed extract and combination of seaweed extract and Urea fertilizer on plant height, leaf area index, biologic yield and nitrogen use efficiency under warm and climate condition in Khuzestan province (Southwest of Iran). Current research was arranged via factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included growth stage of use seaweed extract (G1: 100% at tillering stage, G2: 50% at tillering stage+50% at booting stage, G3: 50% at tillering+25% at booting +25% at beginning at Pollination) and different combination of seaweed extract and Urea fertilizer (S0/N100= Nonuse of seaweed extract + 100% Urea fertilizer, S1.5/N66= 1.5 L.ha-1 seaweed extract + 66% Urea fertilizer, S3/N33= 3 L.ha-1 seaweed extract + 33% Urea fertilizer, S4.5/N0= 4.5 L.ha-1 seaweed extract + Nonuse of Urea fertilizer). According result of analysis of variance effect of growth stage of use seaweed extract and different combination of seaweed extract and Urea fertilizer on all measured traits was significant but interaction effect of treatments was not significant. Mean comparison result the maximum biologic yield was noted for apply seaweed extract at 50% at tillering stage+50% at booting stage and S1.5/N66 treatment. The highest amount of nitrogen use efficiency belonged to S3/N33. Finally use 1.5 L.ha-1 seaweed extract + 66% Urea fertilizer along 50% at tillering +50% at booting stage by improve biologic yield can advised for producers.