Journal of Crop Nutrition Science
Volume:5 Issue: 3, Summer 2019

Drought stress is one of the most critical factors in the reduction of yield among plant growth factors. Salicylic acid is a regulator that plays a vital role in the physiological processes of the plant. Gibberellin is one of the plant growth-regulating hormones that have different effects on the growth and development of many plants during growth stages. The purpose of this research is to identify the traits that have a strong and productive relationship with the performance of canola under conditions of drought stress and levels of Gibberellin acid and salicylic acid application. An experiment was conducted as a split-split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during the cultivation season of 2017-2018 in Darreh-Shahr city, Ilam Province. The experimental factors were four levels of irrigation, including normal irrigation, cut of irrigation in stem elongation, cut of irrigation at the start of flowering. The cut of Irrigation at the beginning of the pod were allocated as main plots. Sub factors and sub-sub factors were two levels of spraying and non-spraying of Gibberellin hormone and salicylic acid, respectively. Based on the results of correlation coefficients between the traits, it was determined that all of the studied traits had a significant correlation with grain yield. Investigation of regression coefficients using t-test showed that only the effects of three traits such as the number of flowering branches, 1000-seed weight, and harvest index were significant, but other characteristics in the model had a feeble impact on grain yield prediction. The number of flowering branches and harvest index has a more substantial contribution than other characters in predicting grain yield because one unit of increase causes the grain yield to increase by 42% in the standard deviation scale. According to the results, to improve the yield of rapeseed, three at-tributes of 1000 seed weight and number of flowering branches and harvest index have to be emphasized that directly or indirectly affect this trait.

Deficit irrigation strategies were effective in saving volume of water. Potassium is an essential nutrient that affects most of the biochemical and physiological processes are involved in plant resistance to biotic and a biotic stresses. This study was conducted to assess effect of different pattern of irrigation and several source of potassium on crop production and morphological traits of corn. This research was carried out via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2015 year. The main factor included three level of Irrigation regime (I1: Conventional Irrigation or Control, I2: Fix furrow irrigation, I3: Alternate furrow irrigation) and three level of potassium (K1: 100 kg.ha-1 Potassium sulfate base application or Control, K2: 10 kg.ha-1 Solo potash with first irrigation, K3: 100 gr.ha-1 PotaBARVAR-2 as a biofertilizer + 50 kg.ha-1 Potassium sulfate base application) belonged to sub factor. The results showed that in different irrigation patterns, application K3 treatment with alternate furrow irrigation increased the seed yield and its components. Under deficient irrigation conditions, the plant height, length and diameter of ear were reduced and the application of K3 treatment with alternate furrow irrigation led to increase above traits. The highest number of rows per ear (16.6) and number of seed per row (28) were obtained from the interaction effect of normal irrigation and K3 treatment. The lowest number of row per ear (12.2) was due to the fix furrow irrigation and K2 treatment. The highest (237.5 gr) and lowest (213.5 gr) amount of 1000-seed weight belonged to I1K3 and I2K2 treatments, respectively. Also the maximum (5463 kg.ha-1) and minimum (2966 kg.ha-1) amount of seed yield was achieved from I1K3 and I2K2 treatments, respectively. Alternate furrow irrigation showed a significant advantage over the fix furrow irrigation after control with K3 treatment had the highest seed yield. Generally use of 100 gr.ha-1 PotaBARVAR-2 as a biofertilizer + 50 kg.ha-1 Potassium sulfate base applications with alternate furrow irrigation can be advised to farmers.

Nitrogen is a crucial component of plant nutrition, and its deficiency limits productivity of crops more than any other element. To manage the sorghum crop for achievement of maximum forage production, the farmer should be concerned about nitrogen requirement and plant height. This research was carried out to evaluate response of morphological traits, seed protein content and prussic acid concentration of Sorghum to different level of urea fertilizer and cutting height. Current study was conducted via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2012 year. The main factor included three level of urea fertilizer (200, 300 and 400 kg.ha-1) and three level of cutting height (7, 12 and 14 cm) belonged to subfactor. Result of analysis of variance revealed effect of different level of urea fertilizer, cutting height and interaction effect of treatments on all studied characteristics was significant at 5% probability level. Assessment mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits indicated the maximum amount of seed yield (693 gr.m-2), panicle length (15.43 cm), stem diameter (15.90 cm), plant height (174.73 cm), prussic acid concentration (276.96 ppm) and seed protein concentration (10.90%) were noted for 400 kg.ha-1 urea and 7cm of cutting height and lowest amount of mentioned traits belonged to 200 kg.ha-1 urea and 17cm of cutting height treatment. Generally result of studied research revealed 400 kg.ha-1 urea fertilizer and 7cm cutting height had the highest amount of studied characteristics and it can be advice to farmers.

Suitable and useful usage of different kind of fertilizers is the main way for reformation and potential of soil fertility and increasing of crops yield. Microelements are the critical elements for plants; also play the important role in crop productivity where it is used in low rate. Optimum plant nutrition and maximum yield is achieved when nutrient elements are available for plant during the growing season. This research was carried out to evaluate response of seed yield, materials redistribution and current photosynthesis of wheat under apply different level of microelements (Zinc and Manganese). Current study was conducted according factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2018 year. The first factor included spray different level of Zinc (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 kg.ha-1) and second factor consisted spray Manganese at three level (0, 2 and 4 gr.1000L-1). Evaluation of analysis of variance indicated effect of different level of zinc on all measured traits was significant, also effect different level of Manganese (instead contribution and efficiency of redistribution) and interaction effect of treatments (instead efficiency of current photosynthesis) on all measured traits had similar result. Mean comparison result of different level of zinc revealed the maximum amount of seed yield (5258 kg.ha-1), rate of redistribution (150.2 gr.m-2), contribution of redistribution (28.5%), efficiency of redistribution (12.6 gr.gr-1), rate of current photosynthesis (375 gr.m-2), efficiency of current photosynthesis (48.5%) was noted for 10 kg.ha-1 zinc fertilizer. Also compare different level of manganese and interaction effect of treatments showed similar result. Finally according result of current study the highest of amount of crop production and agrophysiological traits belonged to spray 10 kg.ha-1 zinc and 4 gr.1000L-1 manganese micronutrient and under studied region it can be advised to farmers.

Overuse of different chemical fertilizers is one of the causes for the degradation of environment and soil. Biological fertilizers are the newest and most technically advanced way of supplying mineral nutrients to crops. Compared to chemical fertilizers, their supply nutrient for plant needs, minimizes leaching, and therefore improves fertilizer use efficiency. Vermicompost is an organic compound that is microbial active and rich in nutrients that results from the interaction of earthworms and microorganisms with organic matter decomposition. In vermicomposting process, earthworms are used to enhance the process of residue conversion. Vermicomposting is faster than composting and the resulting earthworm castings are rich in microbial activity and plant growth regulators, and fortified with pest repellence attributes as well. Vermicomposting reduces the C:N ratio and retains more N than the traditional methods of preparing composts. It can improve seed germination, growth and yield of crops. Current research was conducted according evaluate results of valid researcher. Evaluation result of many researchers revealed apply vermicompost had positive effect to improve plant height, Number of Row per Ear, Number of Seed per Row, Number of seed per spike, Number of spike per m2, Seed weight, Biologic yield, Seed yield, Harvest index, Growth indices and Protein content in compare control treatments. Addition of vermicompost to soil contributes to the nutrient requirements of the plant, as well as the improvement of the physical and physical condition of the vital soil and creates a suitable bed for root growth, increases the growth of shoot and dry matter production, and ultimately improves the agrophysiological traits and crop production. It seems consume 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost can lead to achieve highest yield and can be advised to farmers.

The use of renewable resources and inputs is one of the fundamental principles of sustainable agriculture that enables maximum crop productivity and minimal environmental risk. Nutrient management may be achieved by the involvement of organic sources, bio-fertilizers, and micro-nutrients. Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers to achieve high yield and to compensate for lack of nutrients and consequently the increase of production costs and destruction of soil and water resources have made the specialists interested in healthy and stable crop systems in terms of ecology. Bio-fertilizers play a very significant role in improving soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, both, in association with plant roots and without it, insoluble soil phosphates and produces plant growth substances in the soil. They are in fact being promoted to harvest the naturally available, biological system of nutrient mobilization. The bacteria in the Nitroxin biological fertilizer, in addition to stabilizing nitrogen of the air and balancing the absorption of macro and micronutrient elements, stimulate growth of the hormones by synthesizing and securing growth promoters such as hormones. Current research was conducted according evaluate results of valid researcher. Assessment result of many researchers revealed apply biofertilizer (especially Nitroxin) had positive effect to improve seed yield, biologic yield, plant height, harvest index, seed weight, number of seed per ear, number of row per ear, number of seed per row, ear length, seed protein content and chlorophyll content in compare control treatments. It seems consume according result of valid researchers consumption 150 kg Nitrogen ha-1 with 1 L.ha-1 Nitroxin led to achieve maximum corn seed yield and it can be advice to producers.