International Journal of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Spring 2014

Today, following equitable justice not only in the courts but also in exclusive in criminal centers (administrative, tax and sport) regarding independent concept of criminal domain is considered essential. In fact, based on criminal domain expression which involves a wide concept of criminal rights, a new chapter was issued on trial of sport men accused of doping in sport convention. Since, violation of sport men rights was ethically regarded unacceptable but it was not necessary to observe their rights during examination of their violations in related conventions and criminal domain concept which made following equitable justice in exclusive sub criminal centers. An essential subject, so it was regarded completely different. Nowadays, doping is extremely used in sport society while its reason can follow economical, social political and cultural motivations. However, it has been seen that a special group, team or country has attempted to denigrated a sport men by accusing him to doping which is against sport ethics. Based on today is internal and international sport principles to fight with doping, one of their most important principles is worldly doping campaign convention. The Mentioned convention is regarded as the main mover to fight with this disaster while many countries has tried to follow this convention including equitable justice issues, in examining the sport man charges follows justice formalities. finally, regarding all these attempts, there are some significant and key equitable justice problem in sport men freedom and security right, the sentenced peoples right to accessing information and humanistic situations of accused people in the jail and getting rid of torture as well as supposing being innocent which are regarded as the disadvantages of this convention.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of teaching moral behavior on auditors’ moral decisions in water and power industry in Golestan, Iran. Statistical population is all auditors of water and power companies in Golestan Province. They are of professionals and specialists in the area of morality and religion. Twelve auditors familiar with moral and religious subjects holding at least MA degree were selected from water and power companies in Golestan as a sample. DEMATEL technique is of decision-making methods based on paired comparisons. In DEMATEL, Taking advantage of experts’ judgments, factors are identified and systematically organized according to principles of graph theory. A hierarchy of available factors is then presented along with their causal effects. The intensity of such correlation is then defined as a numerical score. Results showed that auditors’ moral decisions are strongly influenced by moral conduct. religious knowledge and element moral sensitivity are respectively in the highest (22.02%) and the lowest (17.40%) correlation with other elements. element moral knowledge are respectively in the lowest and the highest correlation with other elements. Thus it is concluded that morality is affected by other elements the most. Moral judgment and moral conduct are in highest rank of importance comparing with other elements. Moral sensitivity is placed in the lowest rank. Moral motivation and morality are the causes of moral judgment, moral conduct and moral sensitivity.

The tendency to beauty is an intrinsic and natural desire and quest of every human-being. According to the history, surgery to improve one’s looks existed in Alexandria and in ancient Rome. Considering the developments and expansions made in the meaning of ''Disease'', the psychiatrists and knowledgeable people at that time, started to declare that the person’s physical defects were a reflection of an inner mental disorder , thus physical features which did not meet a certain degree of perfection were seen as a kind of disease and consequently cosmetic surgical operations aimed at reflecting inner beauty, in this case, mental beauty were seen as the only kind of treatment of this disease.  The main doubts regarding the legality of cosmetic surgeries were removed by considering the aim of the treatment of these kinds of surgeries and also the contemporary theories in authorization of surgeries aimed at improving one’s looks, so that cosmetic surgeries now are considered legal and lawful. Although in most legal systems as well as in Islamic countries, the nature of medical obligations is the obligation to the means, however in some special cases, the nature of medical obligations is the obligation to the results. In the Iranian's legal system, the nature of surgeons’ obligations has been introduced as the obligation to the results which seems reasonable and logical. So in this article, with a brief description of the history of the subject and the views of proponents and opponents, the nature of surgeons obligations it's been tried to comparatively study. An analytical investigation of the nature of the obligations of the surgeons has been dealt with in some controversial, common and related instances, i.e cosmetic and/or plastic surgery.

People are always concerned about selecting and building careers that meet their aspirations and needs. Career planning process involves both individual and organization responsibility. Thus, every organization has an obligation to utilize its employee’s abilities to the fullest and to give them a chance to grow and to realize their full potential for the development of successful career1. On the other hand the individuals must also identify their aspirations and abilities, and through assessment and counseling to understand their needs of training and development. Thus, career planning and development has been given increased emphasis in different organization. This paper has tried to evaluate the career planning policy, as an activity which plays an increasingly representative role in the human resources management. The career planning of the employees is essential for the organizational growth, effective utilization of available human resources and for the optimum productivity. The rationale of this study was to assess the career planning policy which is used by public sector in India to arouse its employees to perform better. In the present paper sample of 129 Class I, Class II and Class III employees working in different offices of New India Assurance Company on the basis of convenience sampling technique were taken to draw the responses and elicit the results.

This study was done to investigate the possibility of semi-centralized design curriculum in the province of human resources. In this research, descriptive method was used. The study was conducted in the province center and 30 specialists, experts, teachers and professors of different disciplines related to the curriculum were purposefully selected. Brass determine sample size, were used from heterogeneous sampling method and collect data from Czech list and semi-structured interviews. The results show that, given the standards organization for research and educational programs in the province, the number of human resources for curriculum development is concentrated to half; But in terms of awareness, familiarity level professionals exploring the four elements: goals, content, teaching methods and evaluation examined the results of the analysis were obtained from interviews, field goals, content, good background information there are among  professionals, but to set goals and design a curriculum guide that is necessary in these increase. But in terms of teaching methods and evaluation of academic achievement, excellent information between experts, teachers and professionals in determining these elements in there that is quite possible. In general, according to experts participated in the study, the specific situation of variability of climate causes decentralization be applied of curricula. To overcome the defects, training and faculty can be used in universities.

Curriculum  of  universities  as  center  of  producing  knowledge  and  place  of  learning  for  meeting  global, national  and  local  needs  requires  fundamental  transformations  expertise's  tries  in  informing  authorities  and  decision  makers  of  higher  education  system  about  possible  hurts  and  requirements  caw  be  a  guarantee  for  it's  hearth  and  continuance  recognizing  problems  and  obstacles  of  internationalizing  curriculum  of  higher  education  system  in  order  to  removing  possible  inefficiency  of  this  system  is  the  goal  of  this  research. With  attention  to  qualitative  nature  of  this  research  whish  has  guaranteed  interpretive  attitude  of  studied  topic, the  used  method  in  this  research  documental analytical. So, giving  investigation  questions  it  is  dealt  with  illustrating  what  is  available,  description  and  making  clear  reasons  of  problem  status. Results  of  the  research  suggest  necessity  of  making  some  changes  in  curriculum  of  higher  education  system  in  order  to  internationalizing  higher  education  system  and  Business  in  economic – based  age.

Prevention from corruption is a way to be traversed with faith and enthusiasm, act within it intelligently and responsibly to gain success through participation and accurate knowledge about the elements causing corruption and ways to confront it. Corruption is like A.I.D.S disease, that if not controlled with precautions, might infect individuals and in this ways, its treatment might be difficult and with high costs, and in some cases, irrecoverable consequences; moreover, the context of its outbreak still remains, and due to its latent secrecy, it’s not identifiable in many cases, so that we cannot directly struggle with it. In order to confront corruption we have to gain a clear knowledge about it. Treatments will not be possible unless we know the disease. In this research, we are trying to identify the elements and roots of corruption occurrence and ways to confront it. The roots of corruption occurrence are declared in 4 factors (social, economic, cultural& official, management) and their subsets, and finally we mention the ways to confront this phenomena.

Today, technology is changing rapidly and what we have so far implemented as a smart solution is now part of the past. Cloud computing (CC) opens up new horizons for various business sectors and also the banking sector. Cloud knowledge has been made through many years of research in distributed systems, network computing, parallel computing, etc. and can provide an extremely positive change in present systems. Today, CC is changing the scenario and method of processing. With the help of CC, even the computing capabilities of high level performance are also entering the budgets. CC decreases concerns about running and updating which was hence the customer's responsibility, which decreases initial project costs for organizations with small scalability. At present, any possibility advancing toward payment goes to the consumption rate. The harder the technology seems, it will be put under the umbrella of cloud and presented to the user as service, which provides reliability, interests, results and required trust levels for its users, that truly end up in a "cloud revolution".

The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and earning quality. In this study, the size of board of directors, number of non-bound managers in the board and institutional investors are used as corporate governance system mechanisms. Earning quality is also measured based on the relationship between earnings and accruals. Required data collected from the selected sample including 90 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2008 to 2012. Hypotheses' testing was conducted using multiple regression and Eviews software. The overall result of the study shows that there is a significant relationship between corporate governance and earnings quality.