مجله آموزش عالی ایران
سال پانزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 57، بهار 1402)

The main objective of this article was to analyze Iran's upstream documents in the field of recruitment, promotion, and service compensation of research faculty members in order to assess the challenges and problems existing in these documents and subsequently provide suggestions for overcoming them.

In the present study, the symptomatic reading method was used which is one of the research methods in the field of social sciences. In the symptomatic reading method, sampling is not necessary. Based on this, all of Iran's upstream documents regarding the system of recruitment, promotion, and service compensation of research faculty members were selected. The analysis of the documents was carried out by initially categorizing and classifying the explicit statements in the text of each of these documents regarding the system of recruitment, promotion, and service compensation for research faculty members. Then, by re-examining the texts of these documents, the researchers proceeded to articulate the points or unsaid aspects that were not addressed in each of the top documents regarding the system of recruitment, promotion, and service compensation of research faculty members.

The findings of the analysis were categorized into two main categories including what was spoken and what was not spoken in the existing documents. Then, based on these findings, policy proposals were presented.

Considering that the mission and framework of research centers differs from those of universities in Iran, it is essential to pay serious attention to the recruitment, promotion, and compensation of the faculty members in research centers. It is not possible to apply a uniform and fixed procedure in this regard.

The University is a key and determining factor in the progress and development of any country. One of the biggest challenges that threaten the well-being of this pillar is the detrimental phenomenon of academic misbehavior. To prevent and mitigate the impacts of this problem, which has gripped the higher education system; It is crucial to identify indicators of academic misbehavior. This research aims to conduct a comprehensive interpretive structural analysis of the indicators of academic misbehavior in Iranian higher education.

This study employs a mixed-method sequential exploratory design, with data collected in two stages (qualitative and quantitative). In the qualitative stage, information was gathered through unstructured interviews with experts and analysis of expert’s speeches and interviews. Initially, unstructured interviews were conducted with 17 targeted experts and university faculty members using purposive-snowball sampling and the "theoretical saturation" criterion. In the second step, 12 speeches and interviews with experts from various media platforms were purposefully selected and subjected to thematic analysis. In the quantitative stage, a questionnaire was developed and administered to a panel of 8 academic staff members to collect data. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was employed to establish the relationships between the indicators and derive their interpretive structural model.

The results revealed that the priority indicators of academic misbehavior within the higher education system are as follows: Selling university degrees, bullying, scientific exploitation, negative team building, favoritism, cheating, and scientific plagiarism, and the establishment of markets for the sale of scientific products, and corrupt localizability socializability and false identification.

In the present study, with the structural-interpretive approach, indicators of misbehavior in the Iranian higher education system were prioritized in five levels. So in the first level, the indicator “false identification” was the most effective, and in the fifth level, the three indicators “Selling university degrees”, “bullying” and “scientific exploitation” were the most effective. In general, By identifying and prioritizing these indicators, this study provides a better understanding of the issue and facilitates the adoption of appropriate measures to prevent and mitigate academic misbehavior.

In recent years, a lot of investment has been made by the government to increase the number of university graduates. These investments have been made in order to improve the living conditions by increasing the wages of the workforce. Increasing the education of the workforce through the promotion of human capital can increase the productivity and wages of the workforce. But this happens in a situation where the education of the workforce is in line with the needs of the labor market. Lack of education or required education can even have a negative effect on the wages of the workforce.

Therefore, the main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of education on the wages of urban and rural workers. For this purpose, the raw data of household cost-income of 2019 for the provinces of the country is used. The calculation of education is done by Duncan and Hoffman's method, and Mincer's wage function is estimated by the mixed effects method (multilevel model). In this research, Iranian people (urban and rural) in different provinces are studied. Therefore, the data are analyzed at both individual and province levels. Hence, according to the two-level nature of the data, multi-level patterns are a suitable method for this study. In this type of modeling, the complex structures of economic-social life are considered in the framework of natural and social groupings such as geographical regions. In this research, using the above method, the effect of the variables of the individual's appropriate years of education, over-required education, under-required education, years of potential experience, the product of potential experience years in over-required, appropriate and under-required education respectively, gender and the control variable of the group wage employment have been investigated in urban and rural areas.

The estimation results show that the required education in the rural areas and the insufficient education in the urban areas have a negative effect on the wages of the labor force. Also the variable of experience in both urban and rural areas has a positive effect and the variable of being a woman has a negative effect on the wages of the labor force in both.

In the last few years, the speed of increasing costs and reducing the public budget of higher education institutions has made universities to think about providing financial resources in various and new ways and to innovate in their income resources. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to analyze and rank the provision of non-governmental financial resources from the point of view of academic staff members.

The research method in this research is descriptive. The statistical population of the research was 407 faculty members of Mazandaran University. Therefore, 196 of them were selected by stratified random sampling based on Morgan's table. The tool for collecting information was a researcher-made questionnaire, in which the components of providing efficient non-governmental financial resources were identified and a total of 29 items were designed. The content validity of the questionnaire was checked by 10 reviewers and its reliability confirmed by 30 reviewers using Cronbach's alpha. In analyzing the data and examining the research questions, SPSS26 software (one-sample t-test) and Expert Choice11 software (AHP test) were used to prioritize the components.

The findings of this research showed that the components of education, construction, banking facilities, industries and companies, endowments and public assistance, research and money and capital market are among the components of providing efficient non-governmental financial resources in the university. Also, the findings showed that the component of industries and companies with a weight of 0.200 has the highest rank among the components related to the provision of non-governmental financial resources of the university. Also, the components of research, endowments and public assistance, education, construction and money, capital market and banking facilities are in the next ranks with weights of 0.193, 0.156, 0.139, 0.122, 0.100 and 0.09 respectively.

It seems that a part of the value of the scientific work of the university in the society and industry can be sold as the most important component of financing, and the beneficiaries should pay the price of educational, research and technological achievements and goods produced by the university. Through research development, academic institutions will establish a more efficient relationship with industry, various industries increasingly will understand the importance of knowledge creation and will seek alliances with universities to not only strengthen their knowledge base, but also to gain competitive advantage. Finally, it is suggested that the relationship between the university and society and industries should be prioritized.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the past and existing situation of accreditation in Iran's higher education system based on a native model of accreditation and its comparative analysis with the reference model as the optimal situation.

This research, in terms of purpose was applied, in terms of data collection method was descriptive, and in terms of the nature of the data was quantitative. The statistical population of the study consisted of three groups: higher education professors, experts in higher education and Ph.D candidates of higher education. Hence, using random sampling and sample size determination based on Krejcie & Morgan's (1970) table, 92 persons were selected as the statistical sample. Research measurement tools were the questionnaire of past and existing situation of accreditation in Iran's higher education system and the questionnaire of optimal situation of accreditation in Iran's higher education system. To analyze the data, the following inferential statistics techniques were used: Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test, One Sample t Test, Paired Sample t Test, Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, Covariance, Structural Equation Modeling, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Post-Hoc Test called Tukey’s Test.

The findings of the study showed that the past and existing situation of higher education accreditation was unfavorable and there is a difference, gap and lack of correlation with optimal situation. In addition, There was a significant difference among the viewpoints of scientific experts about the past, existing and optimal situation.

It can be concluded that there is a deep gap between the past and existing situation of higher education accreditation and optimal situation

The purpose of the present study was to identify and rank the structural damages of non-profit non-governmental higher education institutions in Mazandaran province.

In this research, a mixed method was used. In the qualitative stage, data were collected by interviewing key informants. Using these results, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared. In the quantitative stage, the general research method was descriptive and of survey type. The face validity and content validity of the questionnaire were confirmed with the help of experts and elites. Its reliability was obtained by calculating the reliability coefficient using Cronbach's method of 0.898. The questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population, which was the board of directors of the central non-profit union of the country and the non-profit workers of Mazandaran, and 100 questionnaires were collected. Finally, the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software.

Using exploratory factor analysis, 46 injuries were identified in the three dimensions of formality, focus and complexity. Friedman's ranking test was used to rank injuries. It was found that the component "abandonment of non-profit higher education institutions in the structure of the Ministry of Science" is in the first rank and the component "weakness of non-profit non-governmental central office to support the institutions" is in the last rank.

Considering the number of students of non-profit higher education institutions and the effective contribution of these institutions to the country's higher education, more attention should be paid to this part of private higher education. Not that these institutions are ranked first in the structure of the Ministry of Science in terms of abandonment. At the same time, it is suggested to use the achievements of this research, which is in the same direction, by changing the view towards private higher education.