فصلنامه آمایش محیط
پیاپی 62 (پاییز 1402)

Natural and human hazards pose significant challenges in the historic districts of cities, where a lack of awareness, preparation, and social participation among residents can lead to substantial damage. Recognizing the issues arising from such events, attention to social resilience becomes imperative in these areas. Consequently, this research endeavors to explore the indicators of social resilience, aiming to formulate a model specifically tailored for old neighborhoods, with a focus on the Evin neighborhood. The research methodology involves a comprehensive study utilizing both library documents and field data. The statistical population comprises 150 residents of the neighborhood, along with a group of 15 experts selected through the snowball method. Data collected through questionnaires were subjected to analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Shefes post hoc test, and partial least squares (PLS) model. The findings reveal that Evin neighborhood exhibits positive outcomes across various indicators, with an economic index of 304, a physical index of 2.89, an environmental index of 2.88, and a social capital index of 2.84. Factorial and inferential analyses further confirm the favorable status of all social resilience indicators in the neighborhood. Structural equation model analyses highlight the significance of the social capital index, particularly the sub-index of participation and spontaneity, as crucial factors in the social resilience model for old neighborhoods, especially within Evin. Examining other indicators, such as economic, physical-institutional, and environmental factors, indicates their respective contributions to shaping the social resilience model of Evin neighborhood. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of understanding and enhancing social resilience in Tehran's old neighborhoods, with a specific focus on the Evin neighborhood.

The exploration of the intrinsic meaning and origin of justice represents one of the most intricate philosophical and moral inquiries. The discourse on how justice is manifested in the world, grounded in civilization, has been a perennial subject among theorists. This research delves into elucidating a comprehensive definition of the Iranian paradigm for a just city, with a specific focus on its realization within the framework of the Farahzad Urban Development Plan in Tehran. The novel paradigm is rooted in three dimensions of justice—law, ethics, and civilization—emphasizing four fundamental aspects: substantive, formal, distributive, and structural justice. The research adopts an applied-developmental approach in terms of purpose and a descriptive-analytical methodology. Data collection involves both documentary research and field investigations, incorporating interviews and questionnaires. The study's statistical population comprises residents, experts, and city officials, and the results are analyzed using SPSS software with a combination of descriptive and inferential statistics. The Bogardos method reveals a significant social distance and an unfavorable universality range among diverse social groups in Farahzad. The sample test and Pearson correlation analysis highlight a non-realization of just city components in the current Farahzad situation from citizens' perspectives. Conversely, an assessment of the approved plan, "Organizing Farahzad Urban Center," underscores its desirability in terms of law and ethics but identifies unfavorable socialist dimensions according to expert evaluations. Significantly, the results demonstrate a meaningful relationship between structural justice and distributive justice in the pursuit of justice-oriented dimensions based on essential and formal aspects.

City and urban space represent pervasive social phenomena, and the productivity and utility of urban spaces are crucial considerations in any study examining the daily lives of both men and women. The imperative for presence in space is universal, transcending gender, age, income level, occupation, and other factors. The presence of women in urban spaces, akin to men, stands as a paramount indicator of urban justice. Thus, this article employs a descriptive-analytical method and utilizes SPSS software for data analysis to assess the degree of gender justice in urban space. Additionally, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests are employed for the component grouping evaluation, involving the distribution of 368 Likert scale questionnaires across three areas of Qazvin. The questionnaire design implicitly considers the concept of the glass roof and urban space norms for women. The study results reveal that, in the regions of Qazvin, women's utilization of urban space is more pronounced compared to other areas. This disparity is attributed to the dominance of an active and dynamic urban space in this region, challenging the concept of the glass roof and showcasing increased presence of women.

Undoubtedly, confronted with an immense volume of data and information, and recognizing time as the paramount capital in modern city administrations, the imperative is clear: embracing new technologies becomes unavoidable. In the realm of participatory decision-making, the utilization of virtual environmental systems offers a practical avenue. These systems enable the selection of viable and fitting solutions through the evaluation of simulated ideas, thereby averting erroneous decisions. The principal objective of this research is to usher in a novel perspective within Iran's urban planning, wherein the precedence of landscape design hinges on the attainment of a sustainable urban landscape, emphasizing the active involvement of local residents in the design process.In this article, the snowball sampling method is employed. The significant components of collaborative urban development and collaborative virtual environments were discerned and analyzed using the Delphi method. Factors with lesser impact on the research model were identified through expert opinions, resulting in the formulation of a conceptual model based on both existing models and responses from a questionnaire. In crafting this conceptual model, expert opinions were amalgamated through the brainstorming method, facilitating the derivation of a suitable model using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. Following this approach, a sustainable urban landscape system can be envisioned for the Rudaki area, leveraging its substantial potential in historical and cultural identity. This process, rooted in network analysis, not only offers a valuable output for decision-making but also serves as a foundation for designing a sustainable urban landscape system.

Understanding the trend of land use change and its influencing factors stands as a paramount concern in contemporary urban studies. The vicinities surrounding cities bear the impact of urban growth, triggering alterations in the roles, functions, and configurations of these ecological complexes. Tabriz, being a pivotal metropolis in the country, has undergone notable changes in land use in recent years. The urban expansion has transformed the surrounding lands, including gardens and agricultural areas. This study aims to scrutinize the patterns of land use change in Tabriz from 1986 to 2016. Employing a descriptive-analytical research approach with documentary and field data collection methods, Landsat satellite images, ENVI 4.8 software, and Arc GIS 10.2 geographic information system were utilized to analyze the changes in Tabriz's urban lands over three decades. The findings reveal that Tabriz, in pursuit of its development, has predominantly encroached upon green spaces and agricultural lands, leading to a decline in their share over time.

One of the key determinants for the success of urban development plans and programs lies in the coordination among organizations and actors involved in urban development. Centralization or the proliferation of managing organizations and institutions in a city can lead to confusion, resource wastage, and the failure to formulate and execute urban development plans. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method to scrutinize the role of activists in urban development projects, particularly in organizing and enhancing physical-spatial development in Region 3 of Zanjan. The data were collected through a combination of field and library studies, with a statistical population selected through the snowball sampling method, totaling 30 individuals. For data analysis, the study utilizes factor analysis tests, structural equation models, and multi-subject-multiplayer models with the assistance of SPSS, Smart PLS, and Mactor software. The findings highlight that indicators such as "favorable urban development pattern" (coefficient: 0.824), "Pollution" (coefficient: 0.833), "Tourism Development" (coefficient: 0.837), and "Strengthening security" (coefficient: 0.829) exhibit the highest relationship and correlation with the preparation and implementation of urban development plans. Furthermore, activists have the most substantial impact on social structure (impact factor: 0.801) and environmental structure (coefficient: 0.592). Notably, the municipality establishes a direct relationship with the Department of Roads and Urban Development and consulting engineers in formulating and executing urban plans, while local institutions and citizens receive relatively less attention.