مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان
پیاپی 128 (زمستان 1402)

Embryo implantation involves the interaction between the blastocyst and the host uterus that occurs over a limited period called the implantation window.

The present study was conducted to investigate the factors involved in embryo implantation.

In this review study, to review the effective factors in implantation, Persian and English articles from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and MagIran from 2000 to 2022 using the keywords of embryo implantation, effective factors in implantation and infertility were investigated.

Uterine receptivity for embryo implantation is regulated by the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. Defects in the regulation of cytokine expression will lead to incomplete implantation failure. The potential role of growth factors such as leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-11, colony stimulating factor-1, epidermal growth factor family, and insulin-like factor in the important implantation process has been described. HOX genes are transcriptional regulators that play an essential role during embryonic development and continue to be expressed in the development of primary female reproductive tract tubes and then in the adult uterus. The role of morphogens in implantation has been proven and they are effective in embryo-uterine interactions during this process.

Understanding the biology of implantation can reduce female infertility and help develop new therapies for fertility.

Cleft lip and palate are the most common congenital anomalies in the head and neck region, which are affected by environmental and genetic factors. These defects can cause serious problems such as deformity, nutritional, respiratory and social interactions for patients.

The current study was performed to investigate the frequency of cleft lip and palate and its related factors in infants born in Karaj’s hospitals during 2014 to 2018.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on the case of newborns. The studied population included 91,563 cases of babies born between 1993 and 1997 in Kamali, Imam Ali (AS), Maryam and Qaim hospitals in Karaj. Of these, 46 babies were identified with various types of oral clefts. The information of the files was collected and analyzed with SPSS v24 statistical software..

The prevalence of oral cleft was 0.5 per thousand live births. (26.08%) of infants had cleft lip, (52.17%) cleft palate, and (21.73%) cleft lip and palate (P = 0.024). 56.52% of male babies (P = 0.37), 76.08% of mothers in the age group of 20 to 30 years with an average age of 24.4 years, 58.69% of first pregnancy mothers, 13.03% of parents, history Family marriage (P< 0.001), and 37% of mothers had blood type A in the file (P = 0.11).

The prevalence of oral clefts in Karaj is lower than the global statistics and other regions of the country.

research theses can have a significant impact on the development of applied sciences, especially when their results are presented to the public. There are few studies about publishing papers based on residency and master’s theses.

to determine publishing papers based on residency and master’s theses in Guilan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS) during 2008-2018.

this descriptive cross-sectional study retrieved information on residency and master’s theses from 2008 to 2018. Then searched international and national medical databases according to the title of theses, keywords, and the names of supervisors, consultants, and students.

449 (58. %) papers were published from 774 theses. 41.2%, 11.8%, 0.44% and, 46.56% were indexed in type one, two, three and, other types of scientific indexes respectively. 98.66% of papers were original articles. 383 (85.3%) of theses did not have statisticians’ consultants. And the maximum median time from defending theses to the publication of a paper was two years.

publication of papers increased at GUMS compared to the past, and more than fifty percent were indexed in scientific indexes types one and two. However, associated factors with the publishing papers process should be surveyed.

 Nowadays, the importance of ketamine as a widely used drug in medicine, especially anesthesia, cannot be ignored. On the other hand, due to the increase in the number of different surgeries during pregnancy and the urgent need for a safe anesthetic agent, we decided to conduct this study to investigate the histological changes of the kidney, which is a vital organ in maintaining homeostasis and normal body function, in infants of maternal rats receiving injectable ketamine.

 It was a laboratory field study that used fifteen female rats, which were randomly divided into three groups. The control groups, the group receiving short-term doses of ketamine through repeated injections and the group receiving long-term doses of ketamine. Then the histopathological changes of newborns resulting from the fertility of these rats was evaluated qualitatively with the help of an optical microscope.

 In the short-term dose group, most of the glomeruli were normal in terms of morphology, only some of the glomeruli were disorganized and in a small number of them, shrinkage was observed. In the long-term dose group, some glomeruli had irregular size and shape, and the urinary space showed a small decrease. Also, the structure and shape of proximal and distal tubule cells were normal in both short-term and long-term groups.

 The qualitative changes of histopathology in both groups receiving short-term and long-term doses of ketamine were not significant compared to the control group.

Some freshwater snails are as intermediate hosts of human and animal parasitic trematode. Study on freshwater snails’ fauna and cercariae infection play important role to detect sources of infection.

The aim of the present study was to determine diversity and cercariae infection of Lymnaeidae and Physidae freshwater snails and effects of physicochemical parameters of water on their abundance and distribution in Guilan province, North of Iran.

Over one year, a total of 117 regions in Guilan province were investigated for Lymnaeidae and Physidae freshwater snails and identified. Water samples of each region was also collected for physicochemical analyses. Identified snails were examined for cercariae infection by shedding method.

Of 39,486 collected snails, three species of two genera including 19,726 Lymnaea auricularia (49.96%), 4911 L. palustris (12.44%), and 14849 Physa acuta (37.6%) were identified. Cercariae infection rate was 2.36%. Identified cercariae were xiphidiocercariae (0.94%), echinostome (0.8%), furcocercous (0.44%), lophocercous (0.16%), and gymnocephalous (0.02%). The highest infection rate was in spring (3.37%). Temperature and pH had inverse effect and salinity and water electrical conductivity had direct effects on snails’ density.

Two genera of Lymnaea and Physa exist in examined aquatic habitats of Guilan province, North of Iran in different seasons of a year. The physicochemical parameters of water had effects on distribution and snails’ density and also abundance of cercariae infection in them.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important because of the social and labeling problems, and the prevalence of a variety of psychological, family, and social problems can be observed in these individuals.

The aim of this study, in order to promote mental health, is to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on adaptive and maladaptive strategies of cognitive-emotional regulation of people living with HIV (PLWH).

The research is an interventional study that used a pretest-posttest design and control group. Thirty people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control. Garnefski et al.'s cognitive-emotional regulation (CERQ-SF) questionnaire was used. The experimental group received ten two-hour sessions of group treatment with Young's schema therapy model. To analyze the data, mean and standard deviation (SD) and analysis of covariance were used by SPSS 26 and P<0/05.

The results analysis of covariance showed that group treatment schema therapy improved the extent of adaptive strategies (acceptance, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, and broader perspective) and maladaptive strategies (self-blame and catastrophic perception), (p<0.001), However, there was not any improve in terms of blaming others, (P<0/033) and rumination (P<0/102).

Schema therapy has increased the use of adaptive strategies and decreased maladaptive cognitive-emotional strategies (self-blame and catastrophic perception) in PLWH.

Paranasal sinus osteomas are benign, slow-growing tumors that are typically asymptomatic. However, in rare cases, these tumors can grow to a giant size and extend into neighboring structures such as the brain, orbit, or nasal cavity, leading to clinical symptoms. These symptoms may include chronic headaches, rhinorrhea, neurological deficits, and visual impairment.

Here, we present the case of a 27-year-old male patient who presented to our hospital with chronic headaches and frequent sleep apnea. Upon rhinoscopic examination, mucosal polyposis was observed. Further evaluation through computed tomography revealed a giant fibroosseous tumor in the frontal sinus, which exhibited aggressive extension into the brain parenchyma.
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of a giant tumor with an 8 cm diameter, exerting a mass effect on the underlying brain tissue. To address this complex case, the patient underwent a combined transcranial and transnasal surgical approach. Following the surgery, the patient experienced significant improvement in his symptoms.

This report highlights a rare case of sleep apnea secondary to a giant frontoethmoidal osteoma with intracranial extension. The presence of frontal sinus osteomas can lead to serious clinical consequences. Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent intracranial extension and mitigate potential complications associated with these lesions.