نشریه مطالعات زن و خانواده
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1402)

The majority of experts agree on what forgiveness is not. Nonetheless, there are numerous diverse definitions of forgiveness. This research consisted of two studies: 1) a qualitative analysis of forgiveness of marital infidelity from the perspective of lived experience persons who have been betrayed, and 2) a qualitative investigation of the infidelity from the perspective of couples therapy experts. In both studies, the current research approach was thematic analysis from the category of qualitative research methods. Six major themes, including the definition of forgiveness, were identified in the first study: "passing on," "letting go," "not seeking revenge," "emotional healing," "personal explanation of forgiveness," and "desire to forgive." In the second study, the meaning of forgiveness was examined from the perspective of specialists based on their theoretical and clinical expertise, as well as their individual views and attitudes as experts. This study identified three major themes entitled emotional healing, cognitive revision of emotion, and the decision to forgive. In summarizing the two research presented in this article, it should be noted that the themes collected from both investigations can be categorized differently.

In Iran, Indonesia, and Malaysia, abortion due to rape. has turned into a social issue, and on the other hand, in some of these countries, the difficulties in this field have been doubled due to lack of decision of laws. In Iranian law, abortion due to rape has not been clearly decided by the legislator, and abortion is allowed only subject to certain conditions just in paragraphs “A”, “B”, and “C” of the Article 56 of the Family Protection and Population Youth Law. In general, it should be acknowledged that even if it was possible under Iranian law, abortion due to rape would only be permissible under Article 56 of the Family Protection and Population Youth Law. However, the legislator of Indonesia has explicitly addressed abortion due to rape. in its laws, and if there are conditions, it is possible to have an abortion up to the 40th or 42nd day of pregnancy according to the words of Shafi'i jurist. Moreover, Malaysian law does not explicitly specify the permits for abortion due to rape; however, according to the existing criteria set by the legislator, such a permit may be considered.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of narrative therapy on anxiety thoughts of divorced mothers in Behbahan. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The study population was all divorced mothers in Behbahan; 44 of them announced their readiness to participate in the research; Which were selected as a sample and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. After performing the pretest, the protocol of eight sessions of narrative therapy was performed. The AnTI Wells Anxiety Thought Questionnaire (1994) was then administered. Statistical analysis of covariance showed that the protocol of narrative therapy, anxiety thoughts: (p <0.01, F = 34.04), social anxiety: (p <0.01, F = 34.00), physical anxiety: (p <0.05 , F = 7.16), meta-worry: (p <0.01, F = 14.15) has reduced divorced mothers. Therefore, narrative therapy had an effect on the anxious thoughts of divorced mothers and this treatment method can be applied to divorced mothers to reduce anxious thoughts, increase mental health and reduce the psychological damage of life after divorce and being a single parent.

Medical abortion is a discussion which focuses on the pregnant mother and her fetus that has many legal, jurisprudential, and social consequences for the family. Inevitably, for issues of this high degree of importance and influence, the related regularities should be formulated in a way that prevents any sort of possible misinterpretations. The issue of abortion came into legislation in 1384 by legislating a single article. ''The life threat for the pregnant mother'' is of the licenses that the legislature has provided for medical abortion. If the specialist physician diagnoses the life threat for the pregnant mother, then, by the mother's consent, the permissioned for the medical abortion can be issued. This legislation can be considered as a legal flexibility in the issue of abortion but the void of explaining the quality of diagnosing the life threat for the mother may cause unpleasant consequences. Some experts of jurisprudence and law believe that the issuance of the permission for the medical abortion is dependent on the certain diagnosis of the life threat for the mother. However, some other experts bo qualities of certainty or reasonable probability/feppraisal of the two sides' reasons and evidence, we came to the conclusion that a reasonable probability/ fear of the life threat for the mother enjoys a rational and religious support for the issuance of the medical abortion; therefore, no need to certainty nor is it feasible to fulfill the demand of certainty in this case.

Family system jurisprudence is one of the major types of jurisprudence, which looks at family issues with a holistic view, and the marriage contract, as one of the important pillars of this system, creates obligations for the parties like other contracts. One of the challenging issues in this field is the legitimacy of beauty practices without the spouse's permission. In a descriptive-analytical way, this article tries to investigate the limits and limitations of the husband's permission in cosmetic surgery and whether the marriage contract causes the wife to have no ownership over her body. Or should the wife take permission from her husband to do anything she wants to do with her body? The findings of this research, which is a study based on the macro-jurisprudence of the family system, indicate that by reflecting on the benefits of cosmetic surgery in repairing and correcting physical and appearance defects and the opinions of contemporary jurists on the permissibility of surgeries that are performed for the purpose of beautification, doubts It solves the fundamental issue regarding the legitimacy of cosmetic surgery and it is not possible to achieve the necessity of spouse's permission absolutely in the jurisprudence of the family system; Rather, the necessity of permission in the jurisprudence of the family system is only in the field of family interests.

Loss of parents in childhood and adolescence is an important stressful event. It seems that the child or adolescent should adjust to it, in several ways, to cope with the therefrom stresses and psychological damages. The aim of this study was to identify adjustment mechanisms of adolescent girls to the father loss in Tabriz. The approache of the research was qualitative and the method was descriptive phenomenology. The context of the research was teenage girls (15-19 years old) of Tabriz city; who had lost their father due to illness in childhood and many years had passed since their father's death. Purposeful sampling continued until data saturation and finally 7 people were selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done by Collizzi method. The findings of this research included 3 main categories and 6 subcategories. The adjustment mechanisms of girls with the absence of a father in Tabriz included self-control (thought management, emotion management), coping (social coping, economic coping) and growth (managing, growth). Most of the participants, based on their individual characteristics, receiving support from the survivors and having suitable conditions, effectively adjusted to the loss and the resulting conditions, and some others showed incompatibility with the conditions due to many reasons.

The members of the family have various duties, the performance of each of them complements the other, and each member must perform his duties well in order to maintain the consistency of the family. With the approval of the Family and Youth Protection Law, various support packages have been stated in relation to family formation and childbearing; unfortunately, the legislator has neglected the position of the father in some articles, including articles 10, 17 and 25, which should be considered and revised due to the importance of the father's position in the family. In this article, the authors, benefiting from religious and psychological teachings, have reached the point that upbringing is the duty of parents and in this regard, the role of both of them is important. It is obvious that not paying attention to the role of the father in the family will somehow violate the intention and will disrupt the support of the family and childbearing. The research method in the current fundamental research is descriptive-analytical and library-based. Finally, it is suggested to clarify the amount of leave for working and student fathers also removing the fathers’ gap mentioned in the Family and Youth Protection Law