فصلنامه مهندسی فرهنگی
پیاپی 49-50 (بهمن و اسفند 1389)

Development is a concept that has drawn the attention of human minds. Sociological schools have paid attention to this issue from different and various viewpoints. But there are many failures because of horizon narrowness in the viewpoint. Although sociological school of holy Quran seeks the real development and progress in the spiritual dimension of human being is never against enjoying of material gifts and goods in a good and reasonable way. This essay tries to study the horizon, mechanism and real concept ofsustainable development from holy Quran viewpoint. The method of research is analytical – descriptive and data gathering from libraries.

The importance of the prayer in Islam cannot be understated. It is the first pillar of Islam. Its positive effects on human spiritual life and social relations are strong and outstanding. It also can guide human to God and the eternal prosperity and prevent him from falling and failure. It makes individuals responsible, creative, aware, value and rule centered as a human resource. The importance of the prayers lies in the fact that if the prayers are sound and proper, the rest of the deeds will be sound and proper; and if the prayers are not sound and proper, then the rest of the deeds will not be sound and proper. The method of research is analytical – descriptive and data gathering from libraries.

The main aim of this research is to study the role of universities as the top and most important educational institutes in enabling the individual and society. First of all; a definition of enabling will be offered and then the most important functions of universities in enabling the individual and society will be studied. After explaining the role of universities as the top and most important educational institutes it will be studied howthe universities can be affective and take a part in enabling the individual and society?

Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world. Globalization has changed citizenship in many different ways and in the local, national international and global levels.In this research the relations between globalization and civil education are to be studied. Three main questions also are to be answered in this research as follows: how are the relations between globalization and civil education? What are the concepts, dimensions and characteristics of globalization? And what are the concepts, dimensions and characteristics of civil and citizenship education? The method of research is analytical – descriptive based on documents and data gathering from libraries and written and unwritten resources.

Soft warfare is a military type of equipment and military equipment that is used as the tough battles or the famous hard war. This war is called the soft war because its supplies and equipments are intellectual and cultural goods. Cyber warfare is a term used to describe the use of the Internet to wage war in the virtual world, often with real effects in the physical world. Although generally cyber warfare refers to attacks fromone sovereign state on another in cyberspace, it may also be used to describe attacks between corporations, from terrorist organizations, or simply attacks by individuals called hackers, who are perceived as being warlike in their intents. There are three major sectors targeted by most nations involved in cyber warfare: financial, infrastructure, and governmental. Although such an attack has not yet happened anywhere in the world, if combined with a conventional military attack it could prove catastrophic. As the world becomes more networked, more crucial systems become susceptible to attacks in cyberspace.

Individuals’ actions and decisions are considered to be as a mirror reflecting their beliefs, thoughts and attitudes towards the world and its accepted values. In this way; the national media is capable of taking many effective steps in the line of reforming the society’s behavioral patterns through offering new thoughts, norms, and new behavioral patterns. Now the main question is that how the national media can strengthensnew thoughts to gain this goal. The process of information acquisition from media is one of the complex scientific-conceptual processes that are closely related with education. Process of information acquisition from media seems to result in adjusting and modifying the individuals’ behaviors in the psychological or rational levels. An increase in the awareness and knowledge helps us discover new relationships. Individuals’ behavior patterns changing needs to an increase in his or her awareness. Education and skill are two main factors of behavior changing.

Iran is among the countries which have the most oil revenue. This huge revenue is affecting on many macro economic variables including consumption. On the other side the high economic dependency on the oil huge revenue pave the way for more consumption goods import. This condition also has changed the patterns of consumption. If we make a comparison between people patterns of consumption several pastdecades and that of present one; we will find that luxurious goods have substituted with necessary ones. Generally speaking one of the reasons that patterns of consumption have changed was the increase of people income per capita.