Journal of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Volume:13 Issue: 2, 2012

Statement of Problem: Although mechanical debridement is considered as the conventional technique in the management of chronic periodontitis, the locally delivered antiseptic agents have also been investigated as an adjunctive therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness of subgingival irrigation with polyvinylpyrrolidone-Iodine (PVP-I) 10%, H2O2 3%, and the combination of both in the measurement of probing depth and plaque and gingival indices of patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 16 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were selected using the simple random sampling method. They had at least one tooth with a probing depth ≥5 mm in each quadrant and had undergone phase I of periodontal therapy one month after dental scaling, The initial probing depth, plaque, and gingival indices were recorded and the selected teeth were randomly irrigated with PVP-I 10%, H2O2 3%, H2O2 3% + PVP-I 10%, or normal saline. The measurements were repeated five weeks after the procedure. The data were analyzed through running paired-samples t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and Kruskal-Wallis Test. The mean differences in probing depth before and after subgingival irrigation in patients who were treated with normal saline, H2O2, PVP-I, and PVP + H2O2 were 1.29 mm, 1.35 mm, 1.47 mm, and 1.71 mm, respectively. This indi-cated a significant difference among all the groups (p <05(. Furthermore, PVP-I had a positive effect on the gingival index but it had no significant effect on the plaque index. Subgingival irrigation is an effective adjunctive therapy to mechanical debridement in treating moderate to severe chronic periodontitis.

Statement of Problem: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflam-matory mucocutaneous disease and has different types. If they are symptomatic, they must be treated. Corticosteroid, especially in topical form, is commonly used. The purpose of this study was to compare the therapeutic effects of two corticosteroid mouthwashes on treatment of symptomatic OLP. The participants of this single-blind study were 44 symptomatic OLP patients. They included 27 females and 17 males. They were randomly divided into two groups and were given drug A (Dexamethasone 0.1%) or B (Triamcinolone acetonide 0.2%) for four weeks. Extension of lesions (mm2) and severity of symptoms (based on Visual Analogue Scale) were recorded before and after treatment (weeks 1, 2, 4). Finally, SPSS 12 was used and Man-Whitney test was run to analyze the data. In both groups extension of lesions and burning sensation decreased significantly during the four weeks of treatment. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, Dexamethasone 0.1% was more efficacious, in the fourth week, in reducing the size of lesions than Triamcinolone acetonide 0.2% (p = 0.02). Both mouth washes were useful in diminishing pain and decreasing the size of lesions. However, Dexamethasone 0.1% was recommended for treat-ment of OLP because it was more efficacious than Triamcinolone acetonide

Statement of Problem: Along with the rapid population growth in recent decades, there has been an increase in the number of edentulous patients who have complications with conventional denture. This entails the use of dentures, such as implant overdenture, which are more efficacious. The purpose of this study is to compare four types of different attachm-ent systems; two prefabricated and two castable attachments. A model of lower edentulous arch was constructed out of dental stone. Two parallel implants were placed in the canine region. A single cast metal chrome cobalt framework was fabricated to provide reinforcement for experimental overdentures and it splinted the two attachments on the cast. To conduct this study, four groups with six numbers of attachments in each group (superflex ball, locator, castable ball on bar, castable bar) were selected. All the samples were put in a Universal Testing Machine and a tension force with the speed of 50 mm/ min was exerted to separate the framework from the cast. The tension force was recorded and the first two prefabricated attachments (superflex ball and locator) were compared with the second two castable attachments (ball on bar, castable bar). The findings of this study revealed that retention force of castable ball on bar was greater than the other three attachments (35.31±3.14N). With regard to the strength of retentive force, superflex ball took the second place (33.33± 3.11 N) and locator (20.90± 3.74N) and castable bar (14.74± 1.15N) took the third and the forth places, respectively (p >0.001). The retentive force of castable ball on bar was similar to that of superflex ball. Therefore, the use of this cheap attachment; castable ball on bar, is preferred to its prefabricated counterparts. The retentive force of this kind of attachment is greater than expensive locators. The retentive force of castable bar was similar to that of locator, although the former was a bit weaker than the latter. Therefore, when less retention is needed, castable bar can be a suitable choice, and when more retention is needed, castable ball on bar is preferable.

Statement of Problem: There are more than 500 different bacterial species in the oral cavity which can cause tooth decay and periodontal diseases. Anacyclus Pyrethrum has been used to manage dental and periodontal diseases in traditional Iranian medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Anacyclus Pyrethrum against some of the oral bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At first, The antibacterial effect of serial concentrations (1/10 to 1/100 mg/ml) of methanolic extract of Anacyclus Pyrethrum root were tested by using well assay method on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.In the second examination, 150-1000 mg/ml concentrations were tested and the agar dilution method, recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Standards, was used. Then, the lowest concentrations of the extract which inhibited visible growth of organisms on the media plate; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), were determined. The inhibition zone was only seen in the 1.10 mg/ml concentration. The diameters were 15 and 12 mm in Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sanguis agar media plate, respectively. In the second examination, the greatest inhibition zones were 27 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 21 mm for Streptococcus sanguis in 1000 mg/ml. There was not any inhibition zone for Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the concentrations. The MBC was achieved as 800 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sanguis. Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa grew in all the concentrations. The antibacterial effect of Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sanguis was not significant. Anacyclus Pyrethrum had no antibacterial effect against either Streptococcus mutans or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Statement of Problem: Evaluation of diagnostic records as a supplement to direct examination has an important role in treatment planning of orthodontic patients with aesthetic needs. Photogrammetry as a quantitative tool has recently attracted the attention of researchers again. The purpose of this study was to design computer software to analyze orthodontic patients’ facial profile photographic images and to estimate reliability and validity of its measurement. Profile photographic images of 20 volunteered students were taken in the natural head position with standard technique. Manual linear and angular measurements were used as a gold standard and compared with the results obtained from Aesthetic analyzer Software (designed for that purpose). Dahlberg’s method error and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to estimate validity, reliability and inter-examiner errors. Almost all the measurements showed a high correlation between the manual and computerized method (ICC>0.75). The maximum method errors computed from Dahlberg’s formula were 1.345 mm in linear and 3.294 degrees in angular measurements. At the highest levels, inter-examiner errors were 1.684 mm and 3.741 degrees in linear and angular measurements, respectively. Although a low budget has been allocated for the design of Aesthetic Analyzer software, its features are comparable with commercially available products. The software’s capabilities can be increased. The results of the current study indicated that the software is accurate and repeatable in photographic analysis of orthodontic patients.

Statement of Problem: Anxiety is one of the most common challenges which affect both the patient and the surgeon throughout dental procedures. Thus, there has been growing interest in the application of sedatives in dentistry. This study evaluated the efficacy of clonazepam in reducing anxiety prior to oral surgery. The participants of this, randomized controlled trial, study included 60 patients who referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillof-acial Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. They were randomly allocated to either a single 2 mg dose of Clonazepam or a placebo one hour prior to the surgery. The participants and the outcome assessors were blind to the inter-vention. Levels of anxiety were recorded using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and measuring blood pressure (BP), pulse rate and arterial oxygen saturation percentage. After collecting the data, the Chi-square test was run and then the data was analyzed. The participants in the treatment and control groups were matched for age, sex, education, marital status and employment status (p >0.05). All anxiety determinants (VAS, BP, pulse, and oxygen saturation rates) changed significan-tly one hour after the administration of clonazepam (p <0.05). Clonazepam is an effective anxiolytic drug with minimal side effects which can be used to reduce anxiety in dental patients.

Fusion is a rare developmental dental anomaly and its definitive diagnosis is of great importance for successful endodontic treatment.A twenty-five-year old female attended the Endodontic Department with the chief complaint about dysmorphic right front tooth and a history of vague pain since the previous 11 months, which had ceased during last one month. Oral cavity examination was performed, endodontic oriented sensitivity tests including cold, hot, and electric pulp tests were conducted, and periapical radiography was also ordered.Oral cavity examination revealed an enlarged permanent right maxillary incisor with deep caries on the lingual surface. All vitality tests were negative. Examinations were normal except for one missing tooth in the total count in the upper right quadrant. Periapical radiography clarified a fused maxillary central and adjacent lateral incisor with large coronal radiolucency involving the pulp and a periapical radiolucent area suggestive of a chronic apical periodontitis. The final diagnosis was established as fused maxillary incisors with necrosis and chronic apical periodontitis. A conservative non-surgical root canal therapy was planned and careful negotiation and obturation were performed after obtaining the informed consent, followed by the esthetic reconstruction. A six month follow-up revealed that periapical radiolucency had almost disappeared, the teeth were in function, and the patient reported no complaint.

The term ‘Dilated Odontoma’ is a malformation which most frequently occurs in the deciduous, permanent or supernumerary teeth. It can be diagnosed with deep invagination of the enamel inside the crown or root. In other words, the most extreme form of dens in the dente is known as “dilated odontoma”.Although dilated odontomas are usually asymptomatic, their eruption into the mouth can give rise to pain, inflammation, and infection.This report is an attempt to describe the case of a 22-year-old female presenting with bilateral cystic lesions associated with erupted dilated odontomas of the maxilla.The patient had no history of pain but she complained about a recurrent swelling which she was suffering from for about two years. Conventional radiographs showed bilateral cystic lesions associated with dilated odontomas. The findings were also confirmed by Dent Scan. The treatment plan consisted of surgical removal of the lesions, followed by histopathologic study in order to confirm the initial diagnosis.