فصلنامه رهبری و مدیریت آموزشی
سال هفتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1392)

The purpose of this research was to survey the relationship between descriptive evaluation and Job burnout of elementary teachers. Statistical population included all 74 teachers in the first, second and third primary schools of Garmsar city in 2011-12 school year. Due to the limited number of teachers in the population for study, census method was selected. Data was analyzed by both descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, tables and charts) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation). Data gathering tool was a questionnaire including 56 items, based on Descriptive evaluation and Maslach Burnout. Reliability coefficient was gained for all dimensions of descriptive evaluation Performance, Through Observational assessment 0.77, Portfolio 0.85, pencil tests – paper 0.90, feedback 0.83 and the entire variable was 0.91. Also Reliability coefficient for burnout showed 0.89 for emotional exhaustion, 0.78 for Depersonalization, 0.90 for Personal failure (reduced personal performance) and 0.83 for total burnout. Results showed that There was a significant negative relationship between descriptive evaluation methods (Observational assessment, Portfolio, pencil tests - paper and feedback) with two dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion and personal failure and decrease performance), and there was no relationship with burnout in the depersonalization dimension. Also among the descriptive evaluation Performance methods, Portfolio showed a significant predictor for burnout.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational trust and organizational citizenship behavior among employees Islamic Azad University. The research method has been descriptive – correlation. To 250 employees, Islamic Azad University Science and Research, as sample participated in the study. Two tools were used to collect data: 1- Podssakoff and et al (1993) citizenship behavior questionnaire, 2- Gary Roudari organizational trust questionnaire (2003). Using Cranach alpha reliability coefficients were obtained for the organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire 0.85% and questionnaire of organizational trust 0.82%. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (t test, chi-square, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and correlation of test-gamma). Results showed that relationship between feeling of organizational trust (interpersonal trust and confidence in the system) of Employees University with organizational citizenship behavior. Also, the only Work Experience from characteristics of demographic affects the behavior citizenship behavior.

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between goal orientation and creativity among azad university students branch of Shiraz. Participants consisted of 360 students. Those are selected by multistage cluster sampling in Shiraz city. Two scales were used: Elliot & McGregor goal orientation questionnaire and Abedi creativity questionnaire. Then data were analyses through multiple regression, Two-way ANOVA and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) methods. The results revealed that: A: There is a significant relation between goal orientation and creativity among azad university students. According to this result creativity were predicted by performance-approach and performance – avoidance goal orientation negatively. In addition creativity was predicted by masteryapproach orientation positively: there is no difference between girl and boy students in creativity. Another results showed that Girls were acquired high score on variables performance-approach orientation. Also there is not significance difference on variables among faculty students. The implications of results were discussed in relation to the pervious literature.

This research intended to determine the status of Marand schools on the base of components of safe schools from the perspectives of triple level principals. The research method was application method which was done as survey method. Statistical society consisted of all primary, secondary and high triple level schools principals. 90 people were selected as sample size using stratified random ratio method and on the base of Cochran formula. Data gathering tool was a researcher made questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by experts and specialists in the field of education. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach, alpha coefficient which was 0.94. Data was analyzed in the two level of descriptive and inferential statistic. The findings of research indicated that status of triple level schools of marand were high level than medium from the view of safe schools components. In the rest components but physical component, there was not different among girl and boy schools. Also, the results indicated that in other components but physical component, status of primary, secondary and high schools were different.

This study is conducted to identify the relationship of organizational culture and Silence with employee's personality characteristics in universities. The research method was correlation. Statistical population included all 560 employees working in Islamic Azad Universiry, Roudehen branch. According to the Morgan's table, 226 samples were chosen by random sampling method. Research To collect data, Denison's organizational culture questionnaire, Vandain's organizational Silence questionnaire and Hlend's questionnaire for characteristics of personality were used, based on five point scales (from very high to very little). Face and content validity was used to evaluate questionnaires Validity. Also, Cronbach's alpha was used to establish the reliability of instruments, 0.86, 0.73 and 0.77 for each questionnaire respectively. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics by K-S, Pearson coefficient, regression and path analysis. Results showed that there are meaningful relationship between Organizational Culture and Silence with employee's personality characteristics. Also, 60.2% of dependent variable variance (employee's personality characteristics), was described based on research analytical model.

Education is an institution that in terms of knowledge, science, technology, and behavior patterns is ahead of other institutions. Therefore, it requires schools to both promoting and enriching learning environment to enhance the ability of human adaptation, and providing opportunities for the development of creativity and innovation. The present study investigated relationship between managers Creativity and application of learning organization components in schools. The statistical population for the study included all secondary and high school principals of Arak city in the academic year of 2011-12. By proportional stratified random sampling, 144 principals were selected as sample population. Data collection tools included the creativity questionnaire with 29 questions and application component LO questionnaire with 37 questions. The reliability of the questionnaires gained acceptable coefficient using Cronbach's alpha. Creativity of school principals showed above average as well as components of the application of learning. The results indicate that there is positive (r= 0.224) and significant at the 0.01 level correlation between Creativity of school principals and learning organization application components level. School principal's attitudes towards Shared vision, Team learning and Systems Thinking through their Creativity, is predictable. But there was no significant relationship between managers Creativity and two other components learning organization (Personal competence and mental models).

International cooperation in higher education leads to providing learning experiences for students and teachers in order to promote cross-border deals with labor relations. It also increases the effectiveness of these centers and helps cultural understanding. In this study is to determine the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of International Scientific Cooperation Programs of Higher Education in Iran. The study population consisted of faculty members of the University's top academic staff of International cooperation Programs (University of Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, Sharif, Amir Kabir, Elm o Sanat), equal to 3169 people. Samples of 342 were selected through stratified random sampling. Content validity of the survey instrument based on the number of experts in the field of higher education was approved and to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated 0.85. The results showed that the main strengths of international scientific cooperation programs in higher education in Iran were the development of higher education, technology and the increasing number of articles in international publications in the academic community. The main weaknesses were the lack of international cooperation in macroeconomic policy, scientific weaknesses of existing scientific knowledge, capacity and location of university administrators and abroad in the fields of international cooperation and conclude executive agreements without backup. The main opportunities include investment in new knowledge, particularly regarding the role of science and technology, especially scientific cooperation - international outlook and increasing social demand for higher education. The main threats include lack of communication between government, academia and industry, the problem of low speed of information technology, bandwidth, slow lines of communication, and limited attention to the quality of scientific production sites.

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational commitment of high school teachers in Maragheh city. Research Method in this study is descriptive – correlation one. The statistical population was 619 and sample size was 237, by using proportional sampling. Standardized questionnaire of Empowerment and Organizational Commitment was used to collect data. Cronbach's alpha for the Psychological Empowerment and organizational commitment was 0.88 and 0.71, respectively. Results showed that there was a direct significant correlation between psychological empowerment of teachers and its components (sense of competence, sense of efficiency, sense of meaningfulness and trust) with organizational commitment. Among the components of psychological empowerment of teachers, a sense of efficacy and trust explained 15% of organizational commitment.