Journal of Research and Health
Volume:5 Issue: 2, May-Jun 2015

Although the pathology and public health is recognized as the foundation of its existence to be long-lived human life. But according to the distribution and contact with social structures as a matter of developing countries are left behind in its place, according to their importance has not been. This is the birthplace of the fact that the disease has a special place in medicine introduces geography as a scientific worker. To actually display the diffraction condition and the reason for it is predicated.The foundation of such a requirement is necessary for the stated purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive picture of the status of environmental health in developing plans for health utility in the province of Khorasan paid.:Modeling health and environmental health in the province, with the overall index composite index was performed. To analyze the health rating of Analytical Hierarchy (AHP) and the Pearson correlation test in order to establish a correlation between the indices used.: From among the cities of the province, 51.21 percent are rated lower than the provincial average level of deprivation in some of the worst cities to their own The results indicate is a correlation between health and social development level of the province Ultimately provide a map tailored to the environmental health indicators derived from the Overview of the health of the province is well represented. The image also shows the stability of the region's health is.

The aim of the Global Dementia Scale factor structure Roland (Rudas) was conducted in patients with dementia. This descriptive correlation study was conducted. Population of all nursing home patients with dementia Tehran Bazaar was formed in 1390., In this study, 78 patients from the Kahrizak nursing home patients with dementia sampling method Selected Data on the Global Assessment of Dementia Roland (Rudas) was completed by the investigator to interview the patient. Research data analysis using descriptive statistics, sampling adequacy and Bartlett's test of sphericity Spearman correlation test (KMO) and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. The findings indicate sampling adequacy and Bartlett's test of sphericity good value (KMO) that the 76/0 is 149.292. Well as special values of 2.952 and 59.044% of the variance, respectively, were reported. The results showed that a single factor is the scale of the construction of the scale of this issue shows a high correlation between items. Diagram Askryt is also confirmed.

Breastfeeding difficulties and maternal psychological problems are known risk factors for breastfeeding discontinuation. This study assessed the relationships between breastfeeding difficulties, maternal psychological state and breastfeeding patterns. This longitudinal study carried out on 358 pregnant women. Psychological state and breastfeeding difficulties were assessedusing the general health questionnaire-28 and the breastfeeding experience scale respectively. We assessed breastfeeding method during two months postpartum. Data analyses were performedusing multiple, logistic regression, t-test, and ANOVA. Multiple regression controlling for education and previous breastfeeding experience revealed that maternal antenatal psychological stateindependently influenced breastfeeding difficulties. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that with each unit increase in breastfeeding difficulties score, the odd for developing postpartum psychological problems was 1.098. Mothers who were partially breastfeeding during the first two-month postpartum had higher breastfeeding difficulties score than mothers who were exclusively or predominantly breastfeeding. To promote exclusive breastfeeding, intervention in relieving breastfeeding difficulties especially for mothers with psychological problems is recommended.

Urgent need for blood and lack of alternative to replace it, necessitate the presence of a system for predicting continuous behavior of healthy blood donors in blood transfusion organization. Predicting donors’ behavior aims to determine blood unit number and blood groups for providing future contingency blood bank; and also restraining the dangerous bullwhip effect on blood supply chain. This cross-sectional study was conducted by using census. The study population consisted of blood donors’ data, which was collected from blood transfusion organization. Clementine software version 12.0 was used to analyze the data. Four different data mining algorithms including a decision treealgorithm that it used as data mining technique (C5.0), C&R Tree, CHAID and QUEST were employed for analyzing the data and knowledge. Results from data mining were respectively:57.49%, 55.9%, 55.56% and 55.34%. High accuracy of C5.0 indicates the better performance for this algorithm. According to measurement accuracy of training and test data, the reliabilityscore for algorithm of C5.0 was 0.981. Clustering method was used to verify the accuracy of the best model. C5.0 algorithm, distributs the continuous participant's blood among clustersbased on variables such as age, gender and marital status by using clustering. Repeated participantss were assigned to a cluster and the first time participantss were assigned between twoclusters based on gender or marital status variables. Using this model helps to predict contingency blood bank faster with more accuracy.

Developing a simple and effective tool is necessary in epidemiological studies and clinical screening to assess the individuals suffering from social phobia. This study was conducted for validity and reliabity of social phobia inventory (SPIN) in Iranian students. The 581 uneversity students (245men and 346 women) were selected randomly using multi-stage cluster sampling method. The exploratory factor analysis results indicate the three factor structure of SPIN including fear of thesituation, physiological arousal of the situation and avoidance of the situation. The results obtained from confirmatory factor analysis fit indices also indicated the desired compliance of presented model and therefore it expresses the desired validity of research tool. The results obtained from multi-group analyses also indicate that parameters of standardized solution were related to observed variables of constituting factors of SPIN. The correlation values among the factors present was equal in two of the female and male student groups. Meanwhile, the results indicate the high reliability of research tool for female students in comparison with male students. Also, the Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.91) and test–retest reliability(r=0.93) were both good. The witnesses related to structural validity study of SPIN have approved the desirability of psychometric properties of this tool and recommends its use as an appropriate tool for social phobia assessment in Iranian sample of it.

Due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry industry and non-compliance withdrawal times. The aim of present study is detection of enrofloxacin residue in chicken eggs from Northwestregions of Iran (Tabriz, Urmia and Ardabil cities) using Four Plate Test (FPT) and ELISA methods. At the first time, one hundred and fifty egg chickens were collected randomly from market ofNorthwest regions of Iran and antibiotics residue was determined by FTP method. The results of FPT revealed that up to 60.66% of the samples (91/150) were contaminated with the antibioticsresidue; the egg samples of Ardebil (42.85%) and Tabriz (27.27%) had the highest and lowest percentage of contamination. The ELISA assay showed that out of 91 positive samples in FPT, 78samples (85.71%) were positive for enrofloxacin. ELISA analyses demonstrated that the maximum levels of (56.17 ppb) and the highest contamination rate (43.58%) were observed in Ardabilegg samples. Concluding, the findings of this study suggest that the indiscriminate use and non-compliance withdrawal times of enrofloxacin in poultry farms of northwest regions of Iran. Theraising awareness of poultry breeders about the risks of antibiotic residues in food products of animal origin, along with the exact compliance withdrawal times can be very helpful.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of cognitivebehavioral stress inoculation training on increasing coping skills in female adolescent students. This quasi-experimental applied study had pretest-posttest and control group. A total of 30 students were selected by two-stage cluster sampling method and randomly divided into trial and control groups. The trial group received 10 sessions of educational intervention, and the control was placed on a waiting list. Data were collected through Endler & Parker coping styles and Cohen's perceived stress questionnaires in pretest-posttest stages, and were analyzed in SPSS-18 software using descriptive statistics and univariate covariance analysis. Study results demonstrated effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress inoculation training on students’ coping styles. However, this educational approach showed asignificant effect on increasing problem-based coping styles, but was ineffective on emotion-based coping styles in students. It can be asserted that stress inoculation programs can be used to strengthen integrated and flexible coping skills in high school students.

PRECEDE model is the most appropriate model for planning in health education and promotion. The aim of this study is the effect of educational intervention based on PRECEDE model on the regular physical activity among elderly people. In this study, 80 elderly people were selected based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned in experimental and control groups. Educational program for regular physical activity was designed with considering predisposing, enabling, reinforcing factors that are effective for regular physical activity in elderly people. Before educational intervention, questionnaires completed by the participants and then experimental group received the educational intervention. After one month of intervention the questionnaires were filled again and collected data was analyzed with SPSS-21, t-test and Chi-Square and ANOVA. Mean to 25, self- efficacy of 9.62 to 13.97), reinforcing factor (6.22 to 8.32) and enabling factor (8.37 to 16.67) in experimental group in signiticant level. Education was effective on predisposing,enabling and reinforcing factors that are effective for regular physical activity in elderly people. By using Educational diagnosis phase of PRECEDE model we can plan various educational programs for encouraging elderly people for doing regular physical activity.

Mental retardation is one of the most common mental disabilities that are allocated about 3% of the world's population. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eight-weeks corrective games on kyphosis angle and postural control in mentally retarded children having kyphosis. Thirty mentally retarded female children with Hyper kyphosis (increase in thoracic curvegreater than 40 angle) were selected and randomly divided into two groups; experimental group (N=15) and control group (N=15). The angle of kyphosis was measured by using a flexibleruler. However the BIODEX Balance System (BBS) was used to evaluate the static and dynamic postural control of performance. The Experimental group played the corrective games for eightweeks (three sessions per week) while during this period control group did not experience any exercises. To analyze the data independent and dependent T test were used. The results of theresearch showed that corrective games had a significantly positive effect on kyphosis angle and all directions of postural control in the static and dynamic states among mentally retarded children.So it can be concluded that performing corrective exercise may be effective in the improvement of kyphosis angle among mentally retarded children.

Large amounts of wastewater containing organic and inorganic chemicals from different sources enter the environment, each year. Given the importance of preserving public health andenvironment, efficient technologies like Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) should be noted. Ultrasound is an AOP and used as an efficient technology to remove pollutants in recent years.This study aimed to evaluate sonolysis for removing reactive dyes from textile wastewater. This experimental laboratory study utilized composite sampling from textile wastewater for24 hours. First, raw wastewater characteristics were determined. Then, an undivided cell with a volume of 250 ml was used for 200 ml sample of textile wastewater to investigate theSonochemical process. Given the variables, 48 samples were calculated. An ultrasonic bath (power=50 W, frequency=28 kHz) was used. The test results showed that the efficiency of dye removal is increased with decreasing pH and increasing catalyst concentration and retention time. Also, the optimal conditions for effective parameters on the process were obtained such as pH=2, air flow rate of 1 liter per minute, the catalyst concentration 3 mM and retention time 240 minutes at a frequency of 28 kHz and input voltage 50 W. Under these conditions, the efficiency of dye removal was obtained 42.5. According to the results, sonolysis (frequency=28 kHz and power=50 W) can be used as pretreatment to analyze resistant pollutants. Sonolysis is better to be used in combination with other advanced oxidation methods.

The use of partograph increases the quality and regularity of maternal and fetal examinations during labor and makes the rapid detection of potential problems in bothmother and fetus. Since this form is not used in most hospitals across the country, the present study was conducted with the purpose of comparingpartograph results of women admittedin their latent and active phases oflabor. This descriptive-comparative study was conducted on 500 mothers admitted to TaleghaniHospital of Tabriz for delivery. The partics were divided into two groups, the latent phasegroup (250 women) and the active phase group (250 women). Data were collected through observation of the labor, interviewing mothers and the patients’ records. Results showed that 6.8% of fetuses in the latent phase group and 5.8% in the active phase group suffered from FHRdisorders. There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of the use of oxytocin to stimulate 0f labor and amniotomy, and the administration of Ampicillin, hyoscine, pethidine and promethazine. The mean duration of the active phase was also significantly different between the latent phase group (3.9±2.5 hours) and the active phase group (2.7±1.9 hours). Admission of women during their latent phase of labor is associated withincreased duration of labor, complications and interventions performed on the mother and the fetus. It is thereforerecommended that the doctor or midwife in charge of admitting women in labor refuse to admit them during their latent phase of labor, unless there is sufficient reason for hospitalization.

Perceptions of organizational politics and political behavior are common and conventional phenomena in every organization and can affect the outcome of the job. Considering the significance of satisfaction, performance and stress structures in the workplace, the present study aim was assessment the mediating effect of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) on Relationshipbetween politics perceptions with work outcomes (stress, job satisfaction and job performance). A sample consisting of 250 employees welfare was chosen using random simple sampling and Morgan Table. The present study was based on the practical purpose and descriptive method. The data were gathered through Ferris and Kacmar standard questionnaires of politics perceptions, Brayfield and Roths job satisfaction, Paterson job performance, House and Rizzo stress and Eisenberger and et al perceived support. The results showed that organizational politics perceptions bear a positive and significant relationship with job stress. The results also showed that the relationship between organizational politics perceptions and stress, job satisfaction and job performance is mediated through perceived organizational support. In the concerned model all regressive weights – except the relationship between politics perceptions and job satisfaction and job performance – were statistically significant.

Thalassemia is among the most common genetic diseases in humans that can largely be prevented if adequate levels of public knowledge are obtained. This study examines the efficiency of a health belief model-based training program on preventive behaviors of thalassemia carrier couples. This quasiexperimental study was conducted on 100 thalassemia carrier couples benefiting from the services of healthcare centers across Sistan region. Participants of the study were randomly selectedand then divided into two groups, the intervention group and the negative control group. Data collection tool was a questionnaire designed based on the health belief model. Following the initialdata collection, the educational intervention was carried out; within two months, data were collected once again and were then analyzed in SPSS-15. The educational content was designedbased on the data collected during the first stage and then the training intervention was conducted in two sessions of 60 minutes each. After the training intervention, only the intervention groupshowed a significant increase in its mean scores for knowledge, behavior and all the constructs of the health belief model. Unlike the pre-intervention stage, after the training, a significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to their thalassemia test results. This study demonstrated that a health education program designed based on the health belief model helps promote preventive behaviors for thalassemia.

Measuring needs hierarchy theory based on Maslow model is a suitable way for application in various human academic disciplines. The purpose of this study was measuring Gonabadpeople's needs and their relationship with demographic factors. This study was conducted on 850 Gonabad residents aged 15 years and older. They were selected according to the stratifiedsampling method and sample size proportion. Required data for Maslow’s needs such as physiological, safety, belonging to group, Esteem and self-actualization needs collected using aresearcher-made valid and reliable questionnaire. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and the linear regression model. In this study, 59% of participants were males and the rest werefemales. Participants’ mean age and standard deviations were 35.39 and 14.27 respectively, ranging from 15 to 96 (3.50). In this study, it was cleared that participant's biological needs had asignificant relationship with age, gender, education, occupation and income. Also need to group supporting had a significant relationship with gender, education, marital status, householdsize and income. In the end, self-actualization needs with age, gender, occupation, education, residency history, marital status and number of children had a significant relationship. It appearsthat demographic factors are very effective for determining true needs of people based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Incidence and recurrence of kidney stones is increasing worldwide. There are certainly many barriers in performing health behaviors like preventive behaviors in recurrent kidneystones. This study was conducted with the aim to investigate preventive behaviors in recurrent kidney stones and barriers to performing these behaviors. In this study, 210 patients referredto 3 health centers were selected as participants. Data collection tool was a questionnaire, comprising personal details and questions to evaluate preventive behaviors from recurring kidneystones and obstacles to perform such behaviors, which was completed in the form of interviews. Mean score of recurrence preventive behaviors was 38.75±7.85 out of 70, and mean scoreof perceived obstacles was 34.07±7.39 out of 60. There was an inverse and significant correlation between preventive behavior and perceived obstacles.The least recurrent preventive behaviorwas consulting nutritionist about the use of fruit and vegetables according to stone type, and lack of drinking water at least 2 to 3 liters daily was reported as the next behavior. Lack of knowledgeof appropriate diet to prevent kidney stone recurrence was the biggest obstacle that people faced in during performing these behaviors. Through educating patients with kidney stone and theirfamilies, with emphasis on diet associated to type of kidney stone and importance of regular intake of water reduced recurrence of the disease or at least the interval between recurrences increased.

Providing good care for Alzheimer's patients is requires suitable communication with them. Incorrect communication between the caregivers and patients is one of the causes that lead toconsiderable caregiver burden (CB) in caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a communication skills training on CB among elderly with Alzheimer's disease (AD) caregivers. This study was a quasi-intervention type. In this study, 91 caregivers of Alzheimer's patients referred to the Iranian Alzheimer Association, Tehran, Iran were allocated in the two groups (intervention and control). Then, two groups were completed two questionnaires of demographic variables and caregiver burden before intervention. Educational program was developed according of pre-test results and performed to the intervention group. Two groups were followed-up one-month after the intervention. Statistical analysis of data was performed with SPSS and independent sample T-test, Student’s pairedsamples t test, Analysis of Covariance test. Significant reduction in CB was observed in intervention group (from a mean of 35.32 (± 8.7) to 32.9 (± 8.3) after the intervention compared to the control group. Finally, it is concluded that communication skillstraining is one of the appropriate strategies for reducing CB of caregivers of elderly patients with AD.