نشریه انرژی ایران
سال هجدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 66، بهار 1394)

This papers proposes Modified CSS Approach for Envionmental/Economic load dispatch for multiobjective scheduling of power systems.

This study was carried out to investigate into the amount of energy consumption for two methods of onion cropping consisting in seed planting or seedling transplantation. Plans to reduce the level of energy consumption and cost are proposed too. To determine the input and output energy, a questionnaire was designed in which the types and amounts of applied inputs at different stages of crop production were included. The results indicated that output/input energy ratio for seed planting and seedling transplanting were 0.82 and 0.95 respectively. Furthermore, for the foregoing methods, net energy gain was -62358.8 and -14333.2 MJ/ha and energy productivity was 0.24 and 0.29 kg/MJ respectively. Calculation of energy intensity revealed that for producing of one kilogram onion, it was required to consume 4.13 and 3.4 MJ energy for seed planting and seedling transplanting respectively method, respectively, indication a 21.5% energy saving when the latter method was used. Deploying modern irrigation systems, appropriated planting and harvesting machines, following recommendations from agricultural expert on fertilizers, pesticides and seeding rates would substantially reduce energy consumption and cost of onion production.

In recent years، due to the high flexibility of Fuzzy inference and suitable learning ability of Neural Networks، Neuro Fuzzy model has become a suitable model facing uncertainty and complexity in decision making and control. Meanwhile، emotional learning can be used as a suitable learning algorithm for cases that system is not fully rational. In this paper، emotional learning method based on Neuro Fuzzy model of Takagi Sugeno has been implemented which has a higher level of efficiency and flexibility comparing with other methods. The application being considered in this work was the control of heating، cooling and greenhouse system which is used in industry and agriculture and has an important effect on quality improvement of products. Such systems cannot be modeled properly using classic optimization and control methods because of complexity in dynamic structures and high level of change ratio with time and also uncertainty in their nature.

Following the restructuring in electricity industry and competitive market debut in iran، risk control is one of the requirements of the economic management and effective activity for major actors in electricity market. This paper introduced portfolio theory and the mean - variance approach and the conditional value-at-risk for risk management in electricity market which are two major risk management methods in financial issues and also the application of this method in electricity market of iran is presented. Although there are major differences between electricity and power markets and other markets، but the studies show that using more generalized financial models، Appropriate Approach can be achieved for risk management in a competitive market.

Increasing demand for energy، lack of fossil energy sources، the risk of global warming due to the greenhouse effect، and environmental pollutants، finally، environmental problems and human health threat among the issues that have attracted the attention of countries to use of clean energies. Iran has one of the richest countries in the world in terms of energy sources، which have vast resources of fossil oil and gas and also has great potential for renewable energies like wind، solar، and etc. that most appropriate option is to provide the energy needed to transport sector. In this study، the types of renewable energy and their use in transport is discussed and energy consumption and the role of different sources of energy in the transportation sector in Iran has been studied. Energy consumption in the transport sector in 1390 was 297/37 million barrels of crude oil equivalent that petroleum products، light gas، and electricity respectively with 86/08 and 13/86 and 0/07 percent The only that have been provide the only energy sources and other sources had no role in the provide energy in this sector. Finally، guidelines for the use of renewable energy in the transport sector in Iran is presented.

In this paper، energy environmental economic management in a microgrid means the determination of the extent of contribution in each of distributed Generation resources for supplying the demand of local loads so that the reduction of costs and environmental pollution can be achieved. The capacity of installed units in micro-grid usually supplies the portion of load demanded energy through the utility. In this case، planning of charge and discharge in the energy storage system has done on the basis of the way of microgrids’ contribution with upstream network. The effect of electricity markets’ fluctuations and the extent of pollution according to the received energy from the utility for optimization are the purposes of the paper. The methodology goes for the multi objective optimization of HBMO based on Pareto criterion and fuzzy logic in order to resolve the energy environmental economic management problem. The salient features of this method could be pointed to the proper searching، proper selection، advancement and parting of generations for fining new answers. The results of this process are presented for three various scenarios and they are compared with the results of other Methods. The comparison confirms the superiority of this method for determination of contribution extent for each of distributed generation resources in feeding local load and for planning of optimal charge and discharge in energy storage system.

Increasing population and life standards causes fossil fuel consumption to increase. Fossil fuels consumption has major negative impacts on the environment. Therefore، many countries around the world have included renewable energy systems (RES) in their future energy plans so that they can produce reliable and environmentally friendly energy. The aim of this study is to create a decision support system for site selection of wind turbines using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. Wind energy potential and environmental fitness/acceptability are used as decision criteria for the site selection process. Fuzzy environmental objectives such as “Acceptable in terms of noise level’’، ‘‘Acceptable in terms of bird habitat’’، ‘‘Acceptable in terms of safety and aesthetics’’ and ‘‘Safe in terms of natural reserves’’ associated with wind turbines are identified based on previous research and each of these objectives are represented by a fuzzy set. Individual satisfaction degree of each of these environmental objectives for each grid is calculated. Then these individual satisfactions are aggregated into an overall satisfaction degree using various aggregator operators such as ‘‘and’’، ‘‘or’’، and ‘‘order weighted averaging. Finally، map of environmental fitness is developed in GIS environment by using these overall satisfaction degrees.

The growing demand for energy as well as the environmental concerns about the fossil fuels has contributed to the recent uprising of utilization of renewable energy sources. Among these sources wind energy is the fastest to grow. Estimations indicate that there will be 536 GW installed capacity of wind power by the end of 2017 worldwide. According to the preliminary assessments there is a considerable potential for wind energy in Iran but the task to harness this energy would greatly depend on selection of the most suitable locations to set up wind farms. Considering the challenges posed by wind power، an attractive way of utilizing wind energy is combing it with other energy sources. In this research a methodology based on Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and Geographical Information System (GIS) has been proposed to rank the attributes and pick out the best location for a hybrid wind powered pumped storage power plant. It has been concluded that Gilan-e-gharb is the most suitable location in the study area.