آذر میدخت رضایی

Marital violence is a social and psychological problem which has profound and negative effects on individuals' mental and physical health and can lead to a desire for separation and divorce, and consequently negative consequences for couples and children. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on marital violence and the desire for separation in couples seeking divorce.

The present study applied a quasi-experimental, semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test structure, including a control group. The statistical sample consisted of 40 individuals selected from all couples seeking divorce in Yasuj, Iran, who were referred to family counseling centers in the first three months of 2023. Participants were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of 20, comprising the ACT-based couples therapy group (10 couples) and the control group (10 couples), which did not receive any treatment. Before and after the therapeutic interventions, participants responded to the Zarei Divorce Desire Scale and the Couple Abuse Questionnaire developed by Ghahari and colleagues. The collected data were analyzed using statistical tests, specifically Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA).

Results from the MANCOVA indicated that ACT-based couples therapy positively impacted the reduction of marital violence and its dimensions, including physical and emotional violence, in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, it did not have a significant effect on reducing sexual violence. The effect size for the reduction of marital violence was 0.281, with a greater impact observed on physical violence. Additionally, ACT-based couples therapy positively influenced the reduction of the desire for separation and its dimensions (desire to exit the relationship and desire for reconciliation) in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05), and its effect was (0.773).

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can effectively reduce marital violence and the desire for separation among couples by focusing on the acceptance of negative emotions and thoughts and enhancing commitment to shared values and goals. This approach provides couples with tools to address their emotional challenges in a healthier manner and improve their relationships.

Adolescence is an important period of human development that is associated with neurological, hormonal, physiological and social changes. During this period, teenagers cope with many stressful factors. Self-injurious behaviors appear in different ways. He has divided self-injurious behaviors into three categories: 1. severe self-injurious behaviors that are observed in mental patients and because of which a person causes serious damage to his own body tissue, such as cutting off a limb from the body. 2- Stereotyped (involuntary) self-harming behaviors that are observed in mentally retarded people with autism or Tourette syndrome. In such a situation, the person involuntarily and repeatedly hits himself (such as banging his head against the wall). 3- Self-harm behaviors are the most common type and are done under the influence of fashion or other factors, such as scratching and cutting the skin, picking wounds, nail-biting, cosmetic surgery, and skin carving. One of the most common problems among teenagers today is self-injurious behavior, which is found to a large extent in all cultures. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the coefficient of difficulty, life expectancy and emotional processing of adolescents with self-harm.
 

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all female students of the second secondary level of Bushehr 2019-2020 academic year who had a history of self-injury. And the sample size includes 40 people; 20 people were randomly placed and selected in the experimental group and 20 people in the control group. The experimental group underwent dialectical behavior therapy intervention, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tools were the self-injurious behavior questionnaire (Sanson et al., 1998), response to difficulty profile (Stoltz, 1997), Miller Hope Scale (1986) and emotional processing questionnaire (Baker et al., 2010).
 

The results showed that the intervention has increased the difficulty coefficient, life expectancy, and reduced maladaptive emotional processing in adolescents (p<0.05). Also, the research findings indicated that dialectical behavior therapy is an effective method in emotional processing (p<0.001). It shows the results of the univariate analysis of covariance to investigate the effect of the independent variable on each of the dependent variables. The F value obtained for all dependent variables is significant at the P<0.05 level. Therefore, it can be said that dialectical behavior therapy influences emotional processing variables, difficulty coefficient and life expectancy.
 

According to the results of the research, this intervention can be used to improve the difficulty factor, life expectancy and emotional processing of adolescents with self-injury, along with other therapeutic interventions. Also, the focus of dialectical behavior therapy on mindfulness, which is done to observe and describe events non-judgmentally, and awareness and alertness focused on the present moment, leads to the natural development of distress tolerance, and the person learns to deal with emotions without evaluating and trying to change or control them and without arousal. Or experience distress and thereby learn the skill of coping with adverse events, which leads to an increase in the level of difficulty in facing adverse and stimulating life events. Dialectical behavior therapy, by providing a platform for adolescents to participate in educational groups, attempts to bring the individual to a kind of synthesis through the confrontation of thesis and antithesis. Therefore, by participating in dialectical behavior therapy sessions, adolescents learn to observe the natural cycle of their emotions and clearly see their ups and downs as new emotions replace previous ones. On the other hand, the adolescent learns that he is able to tolerate his intense emotions without avoidance or resistance. Finally, in the skill of facing emotions, if the adolescent wants to get rid of the emotion he is experiencing or wants to turn his emotion into action (for example, to engage in self-injurious behavior), he experiences facing his emotion by learning the skill of staying with the emotion. In fact, by learning the concept of emotion, the individual realizes that initial discomfort in facing life's adversities is a natural human characteristic, and this inevitable process should not be considered a sign of incompetence or weakness of oneself or others. Also, the focus of dialectical behavior therapy on mindfulness, which is done in order to observe and describe events non-judgmentally and to be aware and alert in the present moment, leads to the natural development of distress tolerance, and the individual learns to experience emotions without evaluating them, trying to change or control them, and without arousal or distress. In this way, the individual learns the skill of coping with adverse events, which leads to an increase in the difficulty factor in facing adverse and arousing life events.

The present study was conducted to compare the impact of acceptance and commitment-based couple therapy and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy on reducing violence the marital attitudes of couples applying for divorce. The current semi-experimental research is of an experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical sample consisted of 60 couples applying for divorce in Yasuj city in the first quarter of 2012, who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 20 people, cognitive behavioral couple therapy group, acceptance and commitment based couple therapy group, The control group (10 couples in each group) were included. Before and after the implementation of the interventions, the subjects responded to the Qahari Spouse Abuse Questionnaire (2014) and the Matrimonial Attitude Context Finding Scale. The results of covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the subjects in the components of emotional violence and physical violence and the marital attitudes in the experimental groups with the control group (P<0.05). ). Post hoc Bonferroni test also showed that there is no significant difference between commitment-based couple therapy and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy groups. both interventions of couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy are effective in reducing the level of violence and improving the the marital attitudes of couples applying for divorce, and each of the interventions can be used separately or combined. Contractual use.

Aggression is an abnormal phenomenon that is notably prevalent during adolescence, with various factors contributing to its occurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between early dysfunctional schemas, personality traits, and aggression.

The research design employed correlational analysis and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study comprised all second-year high school students in Yasuj during the 2019-2020 academic year. A total of 340 students were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. Four questionnaires were utilized to collect data: Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Short Form (SQ-SF), the Five Factor Model of Personality (NEO), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation methods and structural equation modeling, employing SPSS and AMOS software. 

The results indicated that, among the personality traits, responsibility, agreeableness, extraversion, and flexibility had a negative and significant impact on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Conversely, extraversion and flexibility demonstrated a positive and significant influence on adaptive emotion regulation strategies. Additionally, the schemas of emotional deprivation, abandonment, distrust, and emotional inhibition had a positive and significant impact on maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. Conversely, the schemas of abandonment, deficiency, shame, and entitlement negatively affected adaptive emotion regulation strategies. In addition, the personality trait of agreeableness had a negative direct effect, while the schemas of abandonment, social isolation, failure, emotional inhibition, and entitlement had a positive direct effect on aggression. Finally, among the dimensions of personality traits—responsibility, agreeableness, extraversion, and flexibility—and the dimensions of early dysfunctional schemas—emotional deprivation, abandonment, distrust, shame and inferiority, emotional inhibition, and entitlement—these factors can indirectly influence aggression through cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

In summary, it can be concluded that the interplay of personality trait variables, early dysfunctional schemas, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies significantly contributes to predicting adolescent aggression. The findings of this study can be valuable for school counselors and psychologists in addressing issues related to aggression and emotional dysregulation.

The present study was conducted to compare the impact of acceptance and commitment-based couple therapy and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy on reducing violence and marital attribution styles of couples seeking divorce.This semi-experimental research is of an experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical sample consisted of 60 couples applying for divorce in Yasuj city in the first quarter of 2012, who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 20 people, cognitive behavioral couple therapy group, acceptance and commitment based couple therapy group, The control group (10 couples in each group) were included. Before and after the implementation of the interventions, the subjects responded to the Spouse Abuse Questionnaire and the Matrimonial Attitude Context Finding Scale. The results of covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of subjects in the components of emotional violence and physical violence and marital documents in the experimental groups of cognitive behavioral couple therapy and acceptance and commitment-based couple therapy with the control group (P<0.05). ). Post Bonferroni test also showed that there is no significant difference between the two groups of cognitive behavioral couple therapy and couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment. Both interventions of couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy are effective in reducing violence and improving marital documents of couples applying for divorce, and each of the interventions can be used separately or combined.

Population control policies and population quality have been of interest for a long time, because population is the source of power and the pillar of development and improvement of any society, according to many studies that have been conducted on factors affecting the increase and decrease of Iran's population, but few studies Regarding the causes of population decline, the root causes have been determined. Accordingly, considering the importance of the population and its favorable growth in Iran, the present study investigates the low motivation of young couples to have children in Shiraz by developing a conceptual model using The qualitative approach of payment. The current research is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population in the present study consists of all childless young couples in the city of Shiraz in 1400 (according to the 1995 census, about 14% of couples are childless). In this research, using the available sampling method, at least 30 couples were interviewed first, and this interview continued until the results were saturated. and selective coding was analyzed and then a theory was discovered about the investigated phenomenon. The approximate age of the interviewees was between 20 and 41 years and 90% had a bachelor's degree or more. Based on the analysis of the qualitative data obtained from the interviews, the selective extraction categories included inhibition of personal growth, semantic attitude, economic support, body self-concept, communication issues and social judgment. The research showed that through a qualitative approach, by developing a conceptual model test, it was possible to investigate the low motivation of young couples to have children in the city of Shiraz. Also, according to the research, researchers can be suggested to improve the attitude in the field of physical self-concept, the field of social judgment, semantic attitude and the field of communication about having children.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between psychological capital, social capital and mental health through the mediation of the sense of security in staff members of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Security provides a coherent conceptual framework and an ethical foundation for the development of the mental health system. In this research, the working method of the structural equation model was used.

The statistical population was all staff members of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. By cluster sampling, 195 employees (102 women, 93 men) were selected as the sample group. Data collection tools included the Psychological Capital Questionnaire, the Standard Social Capital Questionnaire, the Security Sense Questionnaire, and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale. Data analysis was done using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling method with SPSS 26 and LISREL 2.10 software. 

The findings showed that Borzash’s indicators were in a favorable condition. The standard coefficients of the direct effect of psychological capital and social capital on mental health and the indirect effect of psychological capital and social capital on mental health through the feeling of security were significant at 0.05.

Based on the obtained results, it can be said that health is a reflection of social factors and a sense of security, and mental health can be improved by providing and strengthening the sense of security.

The researches focused on exploring the relationship between personality and its influence on psychological disorders, revealing that diverse personality traits are linked to various types of psychological disturbances, with perfectionism being one of these personality traits. Consequently, the primary objective of this research was to investigate the structural model of adolescent narcissism, using perfectionism as a predictor, and considering the mediating role of alexithymia.

The research approach adopted was descriptive, correlational, and specifically focused on structural equation modeling. The research sample encompassed all high school students within the city of Shiraz, Iran, during the year 2021. A total of 512 students were included in the study, selected through a multi-stage cluster random sampling procedure, and they provided responses to questionnaires measuring narcissism, alexithymia, and perfectionism.

The findings of the study revealed significant and positive associations between perfectionism and alexithymia with narcissism. Moreover, perfectionism was found to be positively and significantly associated with alexithymia. In summary, perfectionism can be seen as an indirect and significant predictor of narcissism, mediated through alexithymia. Ultimately, these research outcomes underscore the substantial role of perfectionism in predicting narcissistic tendencies among adolescents, both directly and indirectly through the lens of alexithymia.

These insights can serve as a valuable resource for psychologists and counselors working with adolescents.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and dialectical behavior therapy on the adversity quotients and emotional processing of adolescents with a history of self-injury. This research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research included all female students of the second secondary level in the academic year of 2020-2021in Bushehr, who had a history of self-injury. Among them, 60 people were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (20 people each). The first experimental group underwent compassion-based therapy and the second experimental group underwent dialectical behavioral therapy intervention, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research tool were the self‐harm inventory (Sansone et al., 1998), Adversity Response Profile (Stoltz, 1997) and The Emotional Processing Scale (Baker et al., 2010). The results showed that both interventions increased the adversity quotients and reduced maladaptive emotional processing in adolescents (p<0.05). Also, the findings of the research indicated that there is a significant difference between compassion-focused therapy and dialectical behavior therapy, and compassion-focused therapy is more effective in increasing the adversity quotients and dialectical behavior therapy in emotional processing (p<0.001). According to the results of the research, both interventions can be used to improve the adversity quotients and emotional processing of adolescents with self-injury, along with other therapeutic interventions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on academic emotion of hope and academic self-concept of female students with test anxiety. The research design was quasi-experimental with pretest/posttest and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all female students of the 11th and 12th grades in Marvdasht, (n= 3265), in the academic year 2020-2021. Convenience sampling was used to select a sample of 30 students who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Research tools included the Academic Emotion of Hope Questionnaire (Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, & Perry, 2002), Test Anxiety Questionnaire (Sarason, 1990), and the School Self-Concept Inventory (Chen and Thompson, 2004). The experimental group was subjected to ACT for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that this intervention led to a significant increase in performance in the components of academic excitement, hope and academic self-concept in the experimental group in the post-test stage. Therefore, it can be concluded that this intervention can increase students' academic excitement, hope, and academic self-concept.

The present study aimed to predict academic performance based on self-regulated learning strategies with the mediating role of high-level motivational and cognitive strategies. The research method was descriptive-correlation using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all first grade high school students in Marvdasht (Iran) in 2020. Participants were 319 people whom selected via multi-stage cluster sampling method. Academic performance measured by Academic Performance Questionnaire (Pham & Taylor, 1999), self-regulated learning strategies assessed by Pintrich and de Groot (1990) Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), and high-level motivational and cognitive strategies evaluated by MSLQ and Biggs et al. (2001) Revised two-factor Study Process Questionnaire. The structural equation analysis has been used to evaluate the hypothetical model. The results indicated the model benefited from the appropriate fit indices. Therefore, it can be concluded that self-regulated learning strategies indirectly and with the mediating role of high-level motivational and cognitive strategies, predict academic performance. The findings can be useful in the academic counseling and teachers' classroom affairs.

The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of group counseling as a treatment focused on compassion on social relationships and emotional pain in women with breast cancer. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all married women suffering from breast cancer who were referred to Inicito Cancer Center in Aburihan, Mehyar Charitable Institution, and Shahadai Hospital in Tehran in 2022. 40 people were randomly selected into two groups using a purposive sampling method. 20 people were placed. In this research, once a week, the experimental group received group counseling in the form of compassion-focused therapy during 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Data were collected using the Pain Perception Questionnaire (MGPQ, Melzak, 1975) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF, 2007). The results of mixed variance analysis with repeated measurement showed a difference between the pre-test and post-test stages (p<0.05) and follow-up pre-test (p<0.05) in the variable of social relations. , d =-6.46), and in the variable of emotional pain, the difference between the pre-test and post-test stage (p < 0.05) and pre-test and follow-up (p < 0.05) significant was reported. According to the findings of the present research, it seems that the role of group counseling as a treatment focused on compassion should be paid attention to in improving social relationships and reducing emotional pain in women with breast cancer.

Test anxiety is a type of situational anxiety (certain phobia) that has a certain state of general anxiety including phenomenological, physiological, and behavioral responses to fear of failure and negatively affects one's quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on reducing anxiety symptoms and improving the quality of life of students with test anxiety. The present study was an experimental study (with pre-test, post-test, and a 3-month post hoc study) in which repeated measures analysis of variance with control group were used. From among the first period high school male students of CHENAR SHAHIJAN in Fars province, 50 individuals with test anxiety disorder were selected and assigned into experimental and control groups. Data were collected using Friedman & Jacob Test Anxiety Inventory (1997) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument- Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF). The treatment protocol comprised using Wildermouth Cognitive Behavioral Therapy techniques in 9 sessions of one and a half hour weekly. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc test using SPSS 22. The results showed that the psychological intervention in the post-test and post hoc reduced students' test anxiety scores in three dimensions of social humiliation, cognitive error and stress, and improved their quality of life. Cognitive behavioral therapy causes significant changes (p

Today, traumatic brain injury and defects in cognitive functions and memory are the most frequent problems after brain injury. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of emotional and cognitive rehabilitation on cognitive performance and memory in patients with traumatized brain injury.

This study is an applied study in terms of purpose and experimental in terms of collecting information method. Considering purposive sampling and random selection of samples, we used the randomized block experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. We used the emotional cognitive rehabilitation protocol based on Gross model (2002) and Nejati cognitive rehabilitation to train emotional and cognitive rehabilitation (2017). The study's statistical population included all brain-injured patients with cognitive defects and memory problems referred to Neurology Clinic, Shahid Motahari Hospital, and Razmehr Psychiatric Clinic, Shiraz City, Iran, from June 22, 2019, to January 20, 2020. This study consisted of 3 groups (2 experimental and 1 control group) at three levels (mild, moderate, and severe patients). The study participants were 45 patients selected after a brief mental examination with a mini-mental state examination test. 

 Cognitive rehabilitation significantly (P<0.001) increased the brain-injured patients' cognitive performance. Also, emotional and cognitive rehabilitation significantly (P<0.001) affected the brain-injured patients' cognitive performance. Finally, cognitive rehabilitation significantly (P<0.001) increased the brain-injured patients' memory performance.

 It seems that through delivering necessary training and education regarding effective interpersonal skills, computer drills, practices at home, and so on, emotional and cognitive rehabilitation helps the brain injured people to properly manage emotions, effectively establish interpersonal communication, and lighten the load of negative emotions, and consequently memory gets improved will less stress. In fact, emotional and cognitive rehabilitation is a complete collection of training for regulating emotions and enhancing and growing memory. Thus, emotional and cognitive rehabilitation's significant effect on memory enhancement is logical and acceptable. In conclusion, this protocol effectively improves brain-injured people's cognitive performance.

The family, as the founder of the personality, identity, values ​​and intellectual standards of children and the place of learning the culture, norms, values ​​and gender roles that exist in societies (2). In fact, given the importance of early moral development, children learn responsibility from their parents and learn to take responsibility for the consequences of their actions (3). Research has shown that families affect cognitive and emotional development through their relationship (6). Also, among human skills, none may be as important and effective as beliefs about self-efficacy defined as individuals' beliefs about their ability to control life-changing events (12). The tasks that human beings face throughout their lives are very wide and varied; As a result, the self-efficacy feature can be used and examined in specific spectrums. When a person has self-efficacy in situations in his life, he can experience more responsibility as a result (14). Other research in this field has shown that self-esteem affects interpersonal communication and responsible behaviors, social communication, and constructive thinking skills. Emotional development can follow a family communication pattern (15). In other words, emotion regulation can also affect human behaviors, such as responsibility. In this context, it has been shown that training emotion regulation skills can be considered as part of programs that create and increase responsibility (19). In addition, it has been found that a person who can control emotions and feelings experiences more responsibility (20). Based on the above, the researcher seeks to answer the question that what role does the family communication model play in adolescents 'responsibility with mediating the role of students' self-efficacy and emotional regulation?

This research was a correlation in the form of structural equation model. To conduct this research, 352 students (163 boys and 189 girls) were selected from the second year high school students in Shiraz in the academic year 2010-2011 using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Were selected as a sample. The method of conducting the research was that the researcher first referred to the education and training of Shiraz city and after explaining the purpose of the research and the satisfaction of the officials and with a referral letter in hand, referred to the schools and questionnaires of communication patterns of Koerner family and Fitz Patrick (2002) distributed and collected the self-efficacy of Scherer et al. (1982), the Grosso John (2003) emotion regulation questionnaire, and Soroush (2011). Finally, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Kalmogorov-Smirnov test and structural equations using SPSS-23 and AMOS-22 software were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the relationships between many exogenous, mediating and endogenous variables are positively and negatively significant. And the range of correlation coefficients between all studied variables is from -0.001 to 0.86. In addition, the relationships between the research variables were significant at the level of 0.01 and 0.05. Another finding showed that dialogue affects responsibility through self-efficacy (p = 0.02, β = 0.32) and cognitive reassessment (p = 0.01, β = 0.18). . Also, compliance through cognitive reassessment affects responsibility (β = 0.06, p = 0.05). However, suppression between dialogue (p = 0.92, β = 0.0001) and compliance (β = 0.04, p = 0.10) does not have a significant mediating role on responsibility. Self-efficacy and cognitive reassessment are significant between the relationship between dialogue orientation and family compliance orientation and responsibility. On the other hand, it was found that the direct and indirect path (self-efficacy and cognitive re-evaluation) of dialogue to responsibility and the indirect path of compliance (cognitive re-evaluation) to responsibility are significant. Also, the coefficient of determination of responsibility (R2 = 0.46) is higher than the coefficient of determination of self-efficacy (R2 = 0.10), cognitive re-evaluation (R2 = 0.13) and repression (R2 = 0.7).Finally, the results showed that the self-efficacy prediction based on dialogue was approved and the compliance prediction based on self-efficacy was rejected. Also, the prediction of cognitive reassessment based on dialogue and compliance wasconfirmed. But in the field of repression, only conformity could predict repression, and dialogue could not predict repression. The liability prediction was approved based on dialogue and Conformity was not able to predict liability. The prediction of responsibility based on self-efficacy and the prediction of responsibility based on cognitive reassessment were confirmed. However, this hypothesis was not confirmed in the context of predicting liability based on suppression. On the other hand, it was found that self-efficacy between dialogue orientation and mediation responsibility is significant. However, self-efficacy is not significant between compliance orientation and mediation responsibility, and also, it was found that only cognitive reassessment between dialogue and compliance with mediation responsibility is significant.

In the explanation of the present research, it can be stated that in the direction of dialogue, the person in the family can express his / her opinions, hear the arguments of family members and present appropriate arguments himself / herself, and skills Achieves a variety of topics such as problem solving, effective communication, emotion control and management; Because the individual is influential in important family decisions and has gained the necessary independence (22). These provide the basisfor the development of abilities and belief in them, and thus verbal persuasion creates a source of self-efficacy (31).Also, when a person has a conversation in the family environment, he / she can get acquainted with different opinions according to the arguments that are put forward in the family environment on various issues (5); And he can use adaptive strategies to regulate his emotions and learn different cognitive skills. As a result, he knows that his thoughts, emotions and behaviors are under his control and he can look at events from different angles and perceive them (26). This confirms that external situations do not affect the individual, but it is his thoughts that create behavioral and emotional consequences (32).Also in the direction of conformity, the individual tries to avoid conflict and to experience mutual dependence with the family. In this regard, the cohesion of the family is high and the family has a hierarchy and emphasizes the relationships within the family and the interests of the family are paramount (5). All of these, especially the emphasis on matching one's views with others and emphasizing the interests and values ​​of the family, can provide the basis for understanding phenomena and events from different perspectives. Can use cognitive reassessment strategy. When adolescents use this strategy, they can eventually experience responsibility (5).

Schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder (BID) are chronic mental illnesses. Schizophrenia usually presents with hallucinations and delusions, mostly auditory hallucinations, sometimes commanding the patient. On the other hand, bipolar disorder, which used to be classified in the class of mood disorders and is now defined as a separate class, sometimes appears with psychotic symptoms, hallucinations, and delusions. This issue makes them very similar to psychotic patients, including schizophrenia, as they sometimes have similar signs and symptoms. Thus, it isn't easy to differentiate between them. This research started with the hypothesis that patients suffering from any disorder have specific psychological structures and demands. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia patients from bipolar I disorder using early maladaptive schemas.

The method of this research was causal–comparative. The study's statistical population comprised patients with schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder who were hospitalized in the Ibn Sina Psychiatric Hospital in Shiraz City, Iran, from 2017 to 2018; the psychiatrists of that center diagnosed the mentioned disorders. The inclusion criteria included having a minimum education higher than the first grade of guidance school, willingness to participate in the research, and no comorbidity of the mentioned disorders with other disorders, such as substance abuse in the examined patients. Data were collected from two groups, including 60 men admitted to Ibn Sina Psychiatric Hospital in Shiraz. Thirty cases with bipolar I disorder and 30 with schizophrenia were randomly selected. Young Schema Questionnaire (Young & Brown, 1998) with 75 items was used. The questionnaire sheets were scored by the Excel file programmed for scoring. Then the scores obtained for each case were submitted to the statistical software for analysis. For data analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed using SPSS–26 software. The significance level for all tests was α=0.05.

The findings of the study showed that there were significant differences between patients with schizophrenia disorder and patients with bipolar I disorder in dependency/incompetence (p=0.018), failure (p=0.041), self–sacrifice (p=0.022), and autocracy (entitlement) schemas (p=0.007).

According to the study results, patients with schizophrenia have dependency/incompetence and failure schemas. Also, people with bipolar I disorder have schemas of self–sacrifice and autocracy (entitlement). These results can be used as a criterion for differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of group counseling in the form of acceptance and commitment therapy on the perception of pain and death anxiety in women with breast cancer. The method of this research was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up period (2 months). The statistical population included all married women with breast cancer who were referred to the specialized and sub-specialized centers of Tehran hospitals in 2019. The research sample consisted of 40 of these women who were selected using the accessible method and randomly replaced in two groups of 20 people. Then, they were randomly replaced into two experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). The experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy counseling during 8 and 90-minute sessions. The data were collected using the Pain Perception Questionnaire (Melzak, 1975) (MGPQ), and Galt-Lester Death Anxiety Questionnaire (1969) (CL-FODS). The research data were analyzed by mixed variance analysis (with repeated measurements). The results showed that group counseling based on the perception of pain and death anxiety was effective (P<0.05). It can be concluded that this intervention was able to reduce the perception of pain and death anxiety to a great extent, and therefore can be used in the treatment of cancer patients. The breast should be used.

Recently, years have witnessed an increase of research on socio‐affective factors that can explain individual differences in aggressive tendencies between adolescence. Specifically, anger rumination and early maladaptive schemas have emerged as important factors, which could also constitute important prevention targets. Yet, recent studies have advanced the possibility that the relationship between these variables are mediated by other cognitive-emotional factors that are associated with aggression.

This study sought to elucidate relationships among early maladaptive schemas, anger rumination and aggression with mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

This study is a correlation study of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students of high schools in 2020-2021 in Yasouj city, among which 340 students were selected by multi-stage sampling. The research instruments consisted of Early Young Shortcoming Schematic Form (SQ-SF), Boss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire, cognitive emotion regulation by Garnefski et al. (2002) and anger rumination scale (ARS). The reliability of the questionnaires was approved using cronbach's alpha coefficient and Evaluation of the proposed model with path analysis was done.

Results revealed expected associations between anger rumination, early maladaptive schemas and aggression, Further, analyses of indirect effects revealed that cognitive emotion regulation strategies have mediating role for relationships between anger rumination and early maladaptive schemas with aggression.

Overall, regarding the role of early maladaptive schemas, anger rumination, and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in revealing and maintaining adolescent aggression, these variables can be targeted for reducing aggression.

This study aimed to examine the relationships between attachment styles and academic resilience dimensions in students mediated by identity styles. The statistical population of this study was all high school students in Marvdasht (Iran) in 2020. Multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select the sample. In this way, 3 girls and 3 boys schools were selected from Marvdasht high schools and then 3 classes were randomly selected from each school. All students in the selected classes (356) completed the questionnaires. The Samuels Academic Resilience Inventory (ARI), Collins Revised Adult Attachment Scale, and Berzonsky Identity Style Inventory were used to collect data. Structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. According to the results, the tested model had good fit indices. Also, results indicated that attachment styles are related to academic resilience both directly and through identity styles. Overall, the results confirm the role of attachment styles and identity styles in dealing with academic and emotional challenges in school and provide the insight needed to create academic resilience in learners for school counselors.

Some people who have taken on responsibilities in societies are not responsive to the needs and well-being of others and only consider personal gain and loss. According to this, when a person is responsive to the needs and well-being of others, a value can be called responsibility (1). Therefore, cultivating the value of responsibility in societies can be seen in the life and evolution of human beings.When a person can determine and regulate his thoughts, feelings and behavior and is responsible for his choices and their personal and social consequences, we can name the structure of responsibility (1, 2). As it turns out, the key element of accountability is accountability for choices and the consequences of choices, meaning that one is aware that one's choices belong to oneself (1).In order to create responsibility, it is necessary to pay special attention to educational situations and conditions and certain cognitive and social processes that affect its creation. In the following, various researches are pointed out to determine the characteristics and effective situations in the field of responsibility.As we have seen, it can be inferred that the kind of attitude and relationship that parents have with their children can be effective in their responsibility. Family communication in the family environment is considered in the form of family communication patterns. Family communication patterns; It includes two dimensions, dialogue orientation and compliance orientation (11, 12).A review of the research literature has shown that teaching emotion regulation skills may be part of programs to create and increase responsibility. Emotional knowledge helps regulate emotion. With this in mind, individuals need to develop competencies related to this level in order to apply its knowledge in practice. The ability to regulate emotion helps maintain mood and strategies to improve mood (17). On the other hand, emotion regulation plays an important role in the continuity and health of social relationships (18).

The statistical population of the present study included high school students in Shiraz who were studying in 2010-2011. The sample size includes 352 (163 boys and 189 girls). Participants were selected using a multi-stage random cluster method.In order to collect information about the research variables, three tools of Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire of Koerner & Fitzpatrick(2002) (12), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire of Gross and John (2003) (23) and Accountability Questionnaire of Soroush (1390) (24) were used.

As it turned out, dialogue through cognitive reassessment has a significant effect on responsibility (β = 0.16, p = 0.02). In addition, it was found that compliance with cognitive reassessment has a significant effect on responsibility (β = 0.05, p = 0.006). Also, The direct and indirect path of dialogue (mediated by cognitive reassessment) to responsibility and the indirect path of conformity (mediated by cognitive reassessment) to responsibility became significant. Also, it has been found that the coefficient of determining responsibility (R2 = 0.46) is higher than cognitive reassessment (R2 = 0.13) and repression (R2 = 0.07). Eventually, the indicators before modifying the model showed that the model did not have a good fit at first. After making corrections and removing the proposed non-significant paths from the model, the model fits.

In the direction of dialogue, the person in his family is able to express his opinions, listen to the arguments of family members and make appropriate arguments himself, using various skills to pursue these topics such as problem solving, effective communication, Gain control of emotions and manage them; Because the individual influences important family decisions and gains the necessary independence. Koerner and Fitzpatrick (2002) also believe that when a person is engaged in dialogue in his family environment, they are able to get acquainted with different opinions according to the arguments that are raised in the family environment in the field of various issues. Also, when there is a warm and friendly atmosphere in the family; One is able to use adaptive strategies to regulate one's emotions and is able to learn a variety of cognitive skills (12). Therefore, one can learn the strategy of cognitive reassessment following this communication style in the family and use it in other situations and situations. When a person uses this strategy in different situations and situations, he believes that his thoughts, emotions and behaviors are under his control and he can look at events from different aspects and perceive them. (23). This confirms that external situations do not affect a person, but it is his thoughts that create behavioral and emotional consequences, in other words, his choices and choices that cause different consequences. . This improves a person's responsibility to others and to himself. Because its main pillar, ie free choice, has taken place (3). Compliance orientation can also pave the way for cognitive reassessment and ultimately increase accountability. It should be noted that according to the results, the calculated indirect effect is very low. However, this effect was calculated to be significant. In the explanation, we need to pay attention to the features of compliance; In the direction of conformity, the person experiences high similarity of attitudes, values and beliefs; It tries to avoid conflicts and debates and to experience mutual dependence with the family. In this orientation, family cohesion is very high and the family has a hierarchy and emphasis is placed on relationships within the family and family interests are of paramount importance (12). All of this emphasizes the need to match one's views with others and emphasizes the interests and values of the family, and therefore, is able to provide a basis for understanding phenomena and events from different perspectives, and one can Use a cognitive reassessment strategy. Finally, the present study found that both dialogue orientation and conformity can increase personal and social responsibility through cognitive reassessment or correct emotion regulation strategies. This means that cognitive reassessment grows in the family components of dialogue and conformity, and this increases responsibility. In high-dialogue families, the arguments that take place lead to the use of positive and adaptive strategies, and also, in harmonious families, because individuals have to control their emotions in order to be consistent. And accept the opinions of others leads to the use of cognitive reassessment strategy because the person in that environment tries to view the phenomenon from a different perspective, and this is possible through cognitive reassessment. This is how responsibility increases.

The aim of this study was to model academic resilience based on attachment styles, school psychosocial atmosphere mediated by identity styles. The statistical population of this study includes all male and female high school students in Marvdasht, whose number in the academic year 1399-1399 was 2280 people. 357 students were selected to determine the sample size using multi-stage cluster sampling method. And through the Academic Resilience Questionnaire, Samuels, Collins and Reed Adult Attachment Styles, Delaware School Atmosphere, and Brzezinski Identity Styles were assessed. The results of simultaneous multiple regression analysis as well as Baron-Kenny hierarchical regression showed that information identity style in the relationship between attachment styles (dependence and anxiety), with future orientation, communication skills play a mediating role. . Normative identity style plays a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles (dependence and anxiety), with positivity, future orientation, and communication skills. Information and normative identity style play a mediating role in the relationship between security and positivity, future orientation, communication skills. Confused identity style plays a perfect mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles (dependence and anxiety) and security, with positivity, future orientation, communication skills.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of psychological empowerment dimensions on entrepreneurial behavior among rural women in Marvdasht County. Statistical population consisted of all active women (15 to 65 years) in rural area of Marvdasht County, that using Bartlett et al.’s sampling table, 227 of them were selected as the sample using the multistage cluster sampling method (n=227). The main instrument in this study was standard questionnaire which its validity were confirmed by the panel of experts and its reliability was established by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed by SPSSwin26 and SmartPLSwin3 softwares in two parts of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the status of entrepreneurial behavior among rural women in Marvdasht County was at the moderate (3) Level. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the sense of competence, Meaning and impact had a positive and significant effect on the entrepreneurial behavior among rural women in Marvdasht County, while the effect of sense of self-determination on entrepreneurial behavior among rural women in Marvdasht County was not confirmed. In addition, the results showed that the psychological empowerment dimensions were able to explain about 46% of the variance changes in entrepreneurial behavior among rural women in Marvdasht County. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of this study were discussed to help researchers and policy makers.

One of the pathological variables in dealing with death is death anxiety. The aim of this study was to predict death anxiety by examining its relationship with the health locus of control in middle age and elderly. The design of present research was a correlational study. This study was conducted from the winter of 2019 to the spring of 2020 on 226 middle-aged and elderly Iranian men and women who participated in this study voluntarily. Cult-Leicester Death Anxiety Scale and standard questionnaire of Health locus of control were used for collecting data. The results indicated that there was a significant negative relationship between the internal health locus of control and death anxiety, which means that as the internal health locus of control increases, death anxiety decreases. Also, the results of regression analysis revealed that the health locus of control and its dimensions can predict death anxiety at a significant level.

The goal of this correlation study was to investigate the mediating role of basic psychological needs satisfaction in the relationship between the perceptions of the classroom environment and academic self-regulation. The statistical population encompassed female high school students in Shiraz, studying in 1398- 99. Of this population, a sample of 225 students were selected through cluster random sampling. Participants completed the Basic Psychological Needs Scale, the Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire, and the Perception of the Classroom Environment Questionnaire. The findings of structural equation modeling showed that satisfying basic psychological needs had a mediating role in the relationship between perception of the classroom environment and academic self-regulation. This implies that increasing the students’ positive perception of the classroom environment (interest, challenge, choice, and pleasure) increases the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs and subsequently their academic self-regulation. Therefore, it can be argued that apart from the effective educational factors, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs should be considered as a mediating variable in fostering the students’ academic self-regulation.

Emotions are one aspect of human behavior. Positive and negative emotions are central to many theories of developmental and personality psychology as well as psychological pathology. This study aimed to explain the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation  for maladaptive schemas and negative affects . The present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all students of Marvdasht Azad University who were studying . Participants in the study were 299 students of different faculties of Marvdasht Azad University who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnowski et al., Watson et al. and Young's maladaptive schemas, which confirmed the validity and reliability of the instrument. Data analysis was performed using spss-24 software at both descriptive and inferential levels. To investigate the studied hypotheses, Baron and Kenny method and multiple regression in inter manner and  hierachical regression were used to study hypothesis. The findings of the research showed that positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation has a mediating role in relationship between maladaptive schemas and negative  affects. By teaching adaptive emotion regulation strategies in this group, the negative impact of maladaptive schemas on their negative affects,can be reduced and the level of negative affects,in these people can be reduced.