ابراهیم علی پور

The present research was carried out with the aim of examining inspection supervisions at three levels before, during and after the operation in the job performance of commanders and managers, focusing on the commanders and managers of the Border Guard Command of Sistan and Baluchistan province. This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of gathering information.

122 commanders of executive ranks and staff managers were questioned. This questionnaire has 30 questions designed in the Likert style. The answer options for each question are considered in five qualitative levels.

The validity of the questionnaire was done by content method. To check the reliability of the questionnaire, 20 questionnaires were distributed among 20 people from the statistical sample and calculated using Cronbach's alpha method. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using SPSS software and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.95. According to the investigation of the hypothesis of the components of pre-action supervision and inspection in the job performance of commanders and managers, the highest rank was the holding of information sessions, justification and inspection guidance, and the lowest rank was the development of a targeted supervision and inspection system in order to correct wrong and inefficient processes.

Friedman's test showed that although monitoring and inspection during work and after work is important and necessary; But the inspection before doing the work is more important and the commanders and department heads and deputies should pay more attention to this issue and give more importance to the supervision before doing the work.

Introduction, context and expression of the problem:

The city has always faced numerous issues since its inception, including acute and fundamental issues that have been regarded as the major challenge of the Third Millennium, the issue of unstable development and out of urban rule as settlements. It is informal. Such areas with a reflection of urban poverty and the lack of equipment for residents in the area, both in developed and retarded countries, especially in developing and retarded countries, which are somehow facing severe spatial inequality. They do. Unofficial settlements are the result of rapid urbanization and economic problems of developing countries and developing countries. This unreadable urban phenomenon has caused many problems for cities, which is one of the biggest urban problems. However, there have been various methods and perspectives to solve the problems and problems caused by these settlements. These methods can be separated in two groups of physical engineering and social engineering. Of course, the second methods, especially the empowerment strategy, are today in the world of marginalization and informal accommodation literature. Therefore, in this study, while introducing the strategies and perspectives of the problem of informal settlements, the feasibility of applying the empowerment strategy, which is a social method, has been investigated to solve the problems of informal settlements in Ardabil.

The type of applied -development research and the method of studying it has been a descriptive -analytical, as well as the fruit of information and data, libraries and fields. The narrative test used in this study is formal and content narrative. The questionnaires were given to the masters of urban geography to test formal and content testing. Also, the opinions and suggestions of students and researchers in various disciplines related to official and urban planning have been used. Since the study is one of the sample of inferential descriptive studies, it is necessary to consider the reliability of the questionnaire to choose the ability to be used in the environment and other space. Cronbach's alpha method was used to achieve this result. The questionnaire used at 77% alpha shows an acceptable amount compared to the minimum reliability of 67%.The statistical population in this study includes residents of informal settlements in Ardebil (84732). In this study, the Cochran method was used to obtain the sample size and eventually 349 people were selected as the sample size. Statistical methods were used to analyze the collected information. In this study, because of qualitative traits and data used, inferential statistics were obtained by the use of the CHI-Square test with a meaningful level of 0.05. SPSS and Excel software has been used to analyze the data collected. The numerical average analysis has also been used to rank each of the indicators in the empowerment process.

According to field studies, the descriptive results of the study show that out of 349 family supervisors who were questioned, 312 were 89.4 percent of men and 37 were 10.6 percent female. In the case of a household dimension of 349 respondents in the study range 8 households equivalent to 2.3 % with 1 person, 65 households equivalent to 12.62 % with 2 people, 71 households equivalent to 34.34 % with 3 people, 95 households equivalent to 22// 27 % have 4 people and finally 110 households equivalent to 31.52 % have 5 and more. Studies on household origin show that the results show that out of 349 family supervisors who answered the author's questions 223 people equivalent to 63.9 % of Ardabil villages, 67 people equivalent to 2. /19 % of the villages of Moshginshahr, 55 people equivalent to 15.8 % of Moghan and 4 households have cited their demands from other areas of the province, equivalent to 1.1. The percentage is that 113 household supervisors equivalent to 32.4 % of their migration reasons to find work, 32 people were 9.2 % lack of welfare facilities, 78 people equivalent to 22.3 % of kinship and 7 equivalent The percentage of natural disasters and 92 household supervisors, equivalent to 26.4 percent of the land, and finally 27 %, equivalent to 7.7 %, cited the other reason for their migration. Therefore, it can be said that finding the right work and then the cheapness of land has been the most important reasons for migrating to the area. Also, the job status of household supervisors within the study scope indicates that workers and freelance jobs have a significant share. Also, the inferential results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between all independent variables on the research and the dependent variable empowering informal settlements. The numerical mean analysis was used to rank each of the indicators in the empowerment process. As shown in Table 4-4, according to Friedman's test, there is a significant difference between the mean empowerment indices at the alpha level of 0.01. In the meantime, the highest average of 4.59 physical indexes), economic indexes (4.56) and the lowest to macro indexes (3.58) and environmental and environmental health indicators ( 65/3) dedicated. Investigating the average data from the quantitative analysis of existing capacity existing capacity indicators of informal accommodation

One of the issues that neglect or lack of attention in the long run can have many negative consequences for people and city managers is informal accommodation. Using the wrong methods of dealing with this phenomenon is not less than neglect and neglect. In Third World countries, including Iran, the method of dealing with this phenomenon, namely, has been the use of physical methods, while today the negative consequences of using this method have become clear to all urban managers and planners. The use of community -based methods is quite clear and tangible. Accordingly, it is necessary to arrange the appropriate programs to empower these places in order to enable social empowerment. So far, many methods have been used to eliminate the problem of informal accommodation, but in practice they have not had the necessary and acceptable acceptance, and these methods have faced many problems. The reasons for this dilemma (lack of responsibility, spatial lack, social cohesion, lack of social participation, lack of awareness, etc.) may be that factors such as citizens' lack of awareness of their citizenship rights, lack of confidence in government agencies because Failure to fulfill demands, lack of citizens' belonging to their place of residence, existence of government -run standards, bureaucratic dealing with urban problems, lack of transparency of urban management activities and city councils for citizens, government -governing councils And the sovereignty of the central culture of the central culture should be returned to the local level rather than the central demand for the people and the government and the lack of attention to the real needs of citizens. Investigating the average data from the quantitative analysis of existing capacity existing capacities of informal accommodation indicators of Ardebil city indicates high level of high level, which brings more attention to relevant authorities and institutions in the field of urban management to the range. The purpose of the study requires.

Intellectual and moral virtues are among the most important issues in contemporary anthropology. They play a key role in characterizing transcendental human being and his spiritual perfection. As a meritorious and pragmatic philosopher, Imam Khomeini recounts diversified characteristics for transcendental human being, many of which are collectable under intellectual and moral virtues. The four pillars of virtues, its intellectual and moral branches, their indefiniteness and ways for acquiring them, role of moderation in virtues and the status of virtue in human communities are among themes of interest for Imam Khomeini. Like Mulla Sadra, Imam Khomeini places science atop intellectual virtues as he places justice at the top of the moral virtues. Resorting to document analysis in its methodology, this paper intends to clarify Imam Khomeini’s exclusive approach in using the pivotal concept of fitrat (innate disposition) in defining virtues that was generalized into prioritizing practical science over theoretical science throughout his own school of thought as an innovation exclusive to Imam Khomeini. His double emphasis on moral virtues versus intellectual virtues has augmented his attention to the formation of ideological utopia in line with virtuous life of human archetype. The supremacy of his fitrat-oriented and pragmatic approach generalized virtues from individual domain to political and social arenas. To him, purification of the soul is a key factor for virtuousness and darkness of mind and ignorance are obstacles to real virtues and proximity to God. In Imam Khomeini’s view, virtuousness of man is so colorful that one can term his method of anthropology as virtuous anthropology.

One of the controversial, critical and hitherto disastrous phenomena of urban, worn-out texture and its associated challenges and problems, as well as the concerns of city management in this field, is the present study. The people are in charge of organizing the worn-out urban fabric in the Ardebil area.

In terms of data collection method is field research and in terms of data collection is survey method. The sample size calculated by Cochranchr('39')s formula was 384 persons, which was upgraded to 400 persons with the aim of covering any possible errors. The sampling method is simple random. Finally, Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, t-test and regression model in the form of Spss statistical software and GIS software were used to analyze the collected data.

According to the results of the research, the highest beta coefficient was related to trust in urban managers (0.76) and socio-economic base (0.13). Therefore, among the variables studied, the greatest impact on citizenschr('39') participation in the organization of worn-out fabrics, belongs to the trust of urban managers.

Trust in city managers, increasing the level of education and awareness of citizens, housing ownership and length of stay in an area, are among the effective factors in citizen participation that by adopting comprehensive awareness measures and programs and raising its level by mass media, especially radio and television, can be increased participation employed. Finally, some suggestions are presented according to the research results.

Some verses and a large number of hadiths emphasize the presence of man in the universe before this world .The intellectuals of various areas of hadiths, interpretation, philosophy, theology, and… have presented a variety of opinions in explaining these verses and narratives. Mulla Sadra, The leader of the philosophical flow of the Isfahan’s school ,who claims to be a link between Sharia and Philosophy , has an inescapable analysis of these hadiths. According to his intellectual system, he confines all possibilities of existence in the threefold realms of Intellect, Idea, and Nature. Mulla Sadra adapts the universe before Nature to the Intellectual of the universe, which has a preeminence to the nature, and man in it is in fact a unitary unit of intellect. It is ready to be given to material bodies after gradual degradation. Allameh Majlisi, the representive of the Hadith’s course of Isfahan school, accept the existence of souls before bodies, and the evidences of origination of souls, in the same time as the bodies, are in form, so that they can’t be denied by hadiths.

Infallibility (‘Iṣma) is a fundamental principle in Prophecy and Imamate and is a special characteristics of Shiite belief. Faiṣal Noor, a contemporary Wahhabi scholar, in a chapter of his book “al-Imāma wa al-Naṣṣ” renounced the doctrine of Imam’s ‘Iṣma and tried to challenge this idea according to the Shiite accepted principles and the traditions in Shiite books. The manner he narrated and exerted the traditions in his book is full of fallacy and distortion, and needs to be analyzed critically. This paper tries to review the most important manner of Faiṣal Noor confronting the Shiite traditions and to criticize samples of his arguments. This study aims to show his fallacies that he used method against the method of accurate criticism. Of his most important method is citing weak (ḍa’īf) and spurious traditions, purposeful segmentation, distortion of traditions, citing one hadith with neglecting other traditions.

Barzakh (the intermediate world between this world and afterlife) and psychological changes therein is a controversial issue in Islamic philosophy and theology. Knowledge of the nature of man in barzakh will have a tremendous impact on solutions to issues of happiness and misery as well as human perfection. As to existential degrees, barzakh is lower in existential strength and intensity than intellect and higher than matter, and as to its characteristics and consequences, it enjoys those of both sides. According to Ḥasanzādih Āmulī, the human soul is embodied in an afterlife body in proportion to its psychological characters. The intensity of one’s existence is due to knowledge and actions. Adopting an analytic method and by considering the imaginal world (‘ālam al-mithāl) in Ḥasanzādih Āmulī’s view, this paper seeks to provide a clear picture of the relation between the human nature and his eschatology in the world of barzakh, on the one hand, and his this-worldly knowledge and actions, on the other hand. We conclude that the imaginal body always accompanies man, with abstract shapes, forms, and sizes; that is, those that are detached from matter. Moreover, after reaching a degree of perfection, the soul can leave the natural body, and in barzakh it can undergo perfections through knowledge and action.

The problem of substance has been a key and central problem in philosophy such that a philosopher’s position on this problem plays a crucial role in the whole of his or her philosophy. Moreover, the comparison among different views is one of the best ways to analyze and understand different philosophical approaches, which is why this paper employs a descriptive and analytic method to provide an analytic consideration of the views of two major philosophers in the history of philosophy—Aristotle and Mullā Ṣadra—about the concept of substance in comparative way. We conclude that both Aristotle and Mullā Ṣadrā seek to find the reality and origin of individuation and objecthood of things, seeing substance as what really exists and other things as existing in virtue of these substances, while Aristotle sees the “form” as the primary substance, holding that other candidates for serving as substance are merely secondary substances, and Mullā Ṣadrā draws on his primacy of existence (iṣālat al-wujūd) to introduce existence as a single and graded substance of which all entities are determinations.

The life of the human before nature, which some verses of the Qur'an refer to, and many hadiths have emphasized the interpretation of the universe of “souls” and “zar”, is due to its close connection with fundamental issues such as nature and destiny, primordial nature knowledge, determinism and authority, Divine justice,... has a special place in the system of religious thought. The emphasis on religious texts and the ambiguities and complexities of this part of human life on the one hand and the conflict between the appearance of some texts on one hand and the other on rational principles have led Islamic scholars in various fields to explain this issue. Unlike some scholars who refer to verse 172 of A’raf and have known “a’lame Zar” as the homeland of the promise, Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, according to the NoSadraian school of thought, is the homeland of promise to the same kind of sense and world. In his work, he applies the approach of the Covenant to revelation and prophecy as well as the monotheistic primordial nature in his two approaches. In his thought, man has four times the natural, Idea, Rational, and Divine existence, and the presence of the life of the human before nature is his rational existence. In this paper, his thoughts are explained and analyzed by descriptive-analytical method and by studieng their works and writings on this subject.

The School of Khorasan follows an anti-philosophy approach and believes in the separation of the fields of revelation, intellect, and gnosis from each other. It also attends to the surface meaning of religious texts and has a different view of the soul and its subsistence. The advocates of this School believe that the soul is a delicate body which is different from the soul only in terms of its accidents. They also maintain that it receives certain perfections such as knowledge and intellect, which are luminar (nūrī), immaterial, single, and external realities, merely through Almighty’s blessing. Man will always remain a corporeal being not only at the moment of creation but also to the end of what they unite with. In the School of Khorasan, self-knowledge is a necessary introduction to demonstrating the subsistence of the soul so that immortality is considered to be secondary to the knowledge of the truth. The soul, which lives with the body in worldly life, continues its life in the intermediate world needless of the body and independently in a body-like form. However, it is returned to the worldly body in the Hereafter and is rewarded or punished alongside it. This view suffers from some problems as follows: 1) equating the soul with body requires spiritual and corporeal resurrections to refer to the same process; 2) the approach of this school lacks internal consistency at times, and some diversity and conflict of ideas can be observed there, and 3) some of the concepts and related problems have not been explained correctly. Following an analytic library method, the present study explains and evaluates the views of three prominent figures of this school regarding the truth of the soul and its subsistence.

In the philosophical view thinking, human destiny and thought and thinking is the basic element and its essential component and the source of human consciousness and knowledge, the foundation of his perfection. As it can be claimed, thinking is the most important factor in discovering the truth and proximity to God. However, many thinkers have considered the neglect and forgetfulness of thinking as the inevitable guest of the Modernity and the result of the dominance of technology over culture and thought. At the beginning of 2020, the world faced the Corona crisis, which, despite the harmful harms and calamities on human society, was a flick on the neglected soul of contemporary man to bring him down from the compound of egoism and realize his essence, nothingness and imperfections. At the beginning of 2020, the world faced the Corona crisis, which, despite the harmful damages and disasters on human society, was a flick on the neglected soul of contemporary man to bring him down from the mount of egoism and make her aware of her beings, nothingness and imperfections. The solution to the Corona problem for contemporary man is to revive fundamental questions about God, self, and the other. In this research, with the analytical-library method, the meaning of life, death thinking, return and revival of spirituality in the shadow of the Corona phenomenon has been explained. Putting man in a position of suffering and death from Corona can pave the way for a new emergence in increasing spirituality and attention to God, re-reading and giving meaning to life through religion and rethinking the nature of death and the mode of confrontation with it.

This article primarily aims to examine the urban neighborhoods’ identity of with emphasis on the sense of belonging to the place. The case of present study includes thirteen neighborhoods in Ardebil city. The research findings presented and discussed in this article are based on a survey, which includes 400 males and females. According to the results of this study based on the path analysis, the bottom-line conclusion supports two key patterns: first, the sense of belonging to the place is significantly and positively associated with both social solidarity and social interaction variables. Second, the variables of social participation, responsibility and knowledge do not play significant role in the sense of belonging to the place.

Municipality organization is one of the most wide and important urban organization as custodian for urban affairs which has a direct relationship with the citizens. Today, some cases of responsibility reduction and/or lack of acceptance of staff liability for accomplishing tasks in some parts of this organization are seen. Therefore, this research has been done for investigating and analyzing employees’ accountability with emphasis on the time management and strategic management of human resources. In terms of nature is practical and its method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research includes all employees of Ardabil Municipality that their number is equal to 1207. Morgan table is used in order to determine the sample size and volume whereupon 291 people have been questioned randomly. In order to collect the required data Harrison Gap’s accountability questionnaire, Christian time management questionnaire and Hang-Chang’s questionnaire of strategic management of human resources were used. Simple and multiple regression equations in the form of SPSS software was used for analyzing the assumptions. The findings of this research indicate that time management and strategic management of human resources has a significant and positive effect on the employees’ accountability rate. Beta coefficient also indicates that the time management and strategic management of human resources predict 0/37 and 0/59 variations in accountability rate of employees, respectively.

An important factor in accidents is the speed factor. Today, relaxation methods are used to control the speed and volume of traffic. In this paper, by introducing new and different methods of relaxation, we first studied the problem, and in the next step, using expert opinions, and also applying Ahp model, we weighed the indexes of relaxation and eventually in the form of the Topsis model, the effectiveness of various relaxation methods was evaluated. Data were collected through library studies and fieldwork. According to the statistical data of various indicators about urban traffic relaxation methods, the methods of increasing the stringency of implementing rules with the coefficient 0.435 Ci were in the first rank and monitors of the variable of speed with a coefficient of 0.434 were in the second rank and also in the final ranks, laid road-block and semi-road block methods, each with a coefficient of 0.152. Given the ranking of the preference for enforcing law enforcement, the importance of monitoring as well as informing citizens about the right driving methods seems more important.

Relying on the two conditions of the “necessity of open alternatives to moral agents” and “genuine choice of the person from among the alternatives” as well as the agent being a true origin of his or her actions, incompatibilists believe that causal determination is incompatible with free will and moral responsibility. One such philosopher is van Inwagen who brings a direct argument—without drawing on notions such as “the ability to do otherwise” or “inevitability”—to show that any causal determinism is incompatible with the responsibility of moral agents, because, in his view, such an inevitable necessity amounts to the absence of the agent’s free will and moral responsibility. In this paper, we show that the first premise of this argument, and the picture van Inwagen provides for the relationship between causal necessity and free will in human actions, are unacceptable and objectionable.

Tourism industry has significant and noticeable financial and social effects ( on society). In the meantime the mass media especially the television due to its capacities and functionalities such as informing the people ,education, entertainment ,satisfaction ,advertisement, common mobilization and making culture can play a peerless role in tourism industry. The present research tries to declare the relation between the tourism advancement and also indexes relevant to media in Ardebil and Sarein cities. This research is fundamental due to its goal and the type of research and it describes the correlation between the variables and it has used the measurement method in its research execute .For sampling the simple random sampling method has been applied. The results of path analysis in this research shows that variables of target selection ,advertisement are the variables that directly affect on developing urban tourism .But, since the advertisement variable has been entered immediately in the equation immediately after the variable of tourism development as the internal dependant variable , so it has not any indirect effect on urban tourism development. The amount of direct impact of target selection ,advertisement and plan on the variable of urban tourism development are respectively ./289 , ./223, and ./213 which shows that for one unit change on the variable of target selection and advertisement the amount of urban tourism development has been changed respectively to ./289, ./223, ./213 .

IntroductionOne of the important aspects of sustainable social development is the use of the concept of social capital in its social term. In fact, social capital is a key to the establishment of civil society and civic life. Disruption of social relations in the city, urbanization, increase in the migration from rural to urban areas and cultural, social and economic diversity, decrease in the cooperation of citizens, lack of social support from urban development, the necessity of social security, unemployment, and to sum up urban problems and the lack of citizen’s participation in the economic, social and cultural development planning have caused to waste the material and spiritual capital while leading to the intensification of urban problems, in most of Iran’s cities. Because of the particular characteristics of urban problems, Ardabil is not of exception. In this regard, current research tries to evaluate and prioritize the level of social capital in region 3 of Ardabil using multi-criteria analysis model within the framework of TOPSIS and AHP models.
Theoretical FrameworkThe term social capital was introduced by Hani van from West Virginia University, prior to 1916. But, it was used for the first time in the classic work of Jane Jacobs death and life of American great cities (1960). This concept gradually is developed from 1990 onwards in academic works and articles by James Coleman, Pierre Bourdieu, Robert Putnam, and Francis Fukuyama. Today, social capital has more important roles than physical and human capital in organizations and communities, and includes networks of collective and individual relations and cohesion between the individuals and also between individuals and organizations to increase the effectiveness of development activities. Thus, social capital is a key factor behind the development and productivity of production factors. The structural forms of social capital emphasizes on the relationship between people and institutions, which includes issues such as legislation, social networks, associations, institutions, roles, procedures, etc. that are completed by supervision and governance, values, trust, norms, etc. which have cognitive aspects.
MethodologyThe research uses descriptive-analytic and applied methods. Data gathering procedure is based on library and field findings. The statistical sample includes all persons living in the 11 areas of region 3. The number of statistical sample is 382 using simple random sampling method and Cochran formula. Finally, the results of the questionnaire based on AHP and TOPSIS models are used to evaluate the social capital in various areas of region 3.
Results and DiscussionTOPSIS results based on the calculated weights show that in Region 3, areas 1, 2, and 11 are respectively ranked in number one, two, and three for the social capital and area 4 is ranked in the lowest place. Area 2 is at the highest place with the coefficient of .7289, and area 4 is placed in the lowest place with the coefficient of .1508. In these areas, security and confidence is low, and this issue has had a negative impact on the performance of city managers. In addition, facilities and utilities in the region are distributed unevenly and heterogeneously. Social satisfaction has a meaningful relation with the level of social capital. And areas 1, 2, 9, and 11 which are settled with higher socioeconomic classes are ranked higher than other areas, such as 4, 6, and 7.
Conclusion and SuggestionsToday, social capital is one of the most important variables and is used to explain the development level and prosperity of communities and local development at various levels which has received special attention by the policy makers and planners. The results show that areas with high economic status are ranked highly in social capital. In such, social capital has been distributed unevenly across the areas. The following suggestions would be useful to coordinate the relevant agencies in order to promote the social capital.
- Using cultural and religious spirit in the areas such as mosques, holding meetings and public meetings in order to promote social capital.
- Providing security plans and expanding surveillance, propaganda, and promoting culture in order to promote the public confidence and participation in the areas 4 and 6.
- Boosting the authorities honesty with the public, devolution of the responsibilities to the public and development of the NGOs, the creation of the spirit of inquiry and accountability in the public and authorities to promote Islamic culture in the context of development of communication and confidence.

One of the most important issues of psychology is the emergence of mind and its evolution. Mulla Sadra solves the issues of evolution of mind from material to abstraction, the stages of mind, and the unity of mind-body with the help of his special philosophical principles such as the principality of existence, a doubt about it, substantial motion, and the motion of essence of material. He believes that the emergence of mind is bodily and its survival is spiritual. Based on the principle of substantial motion, he also proves the motion in the substance of things, unlike his predecessors who believe that the motion is only in the symptoms. The present research conducted by the descriptive-analytical methodology concludes that the bodily material goes through the evolutionary stages of existence with its substantial motion. It means everything in it that is potential converted into actual to get to the edge of material and abstraction. Then it passes the material world and evolves in the linear stages of existence. This evolution gradually approximates the mind to the abstraction and in this stage it does not need the body for survival. The existential capacity of mind is associated with its capacity of science and is united with the abstract reason in the essential evolution.

The purpose of this study was to identify the strengths of tourism development in the province is the city Varzeqan. The method is applied and analytical methods. Method in the field of calling and data analysis using tools such as questionnaires and interviews have been collected¡ And questionnaires randomly divided among tourists. To collect the literature of library and documents required to collect field data from the Statistical Society of questionnaire consisting of 27 questions was used. The questionnaire included both open and closed questions¡ which provided most of its volume is derived closed questions Likert type. To measure reliability¡ Cronbach''s alpha was used to test. In this study¡ the number of independent variables as indicators of tourism development Varzeqan city¡ due to the lack of a detailed description of each of them¡ the attributes¡ the number¡ diversity and spatial position where Varzeqan city tourist attractions and reviews overall variables such as communication facilities¡ capabilities social¡ natural and city management is discussed as dependent variables. The results show that in terms of the tourist city Varzeqan more male sex¡ age group in terms of age range 33-28¡ the staff¡ the location within the county¡ 90% of respondents have been included¡ In terms of accommodation¡ city¡ through the use of their personal vehicle¡ in terms of the most visited tourist places were the fourth bore Travel to the city Varzeqan ''ve been a bachelor''s degree from the tourist city Varzeqan (161 of the study population) ¡ expressed satisfaction with the communication parameters to be «medium» have declared¡ Their consent (122 Statistical Society) capabilities of indicators of social and natural »high« as well as consent (213 of the target population) Varzeqan city management indicators are» average« is.

Succession to the prophet (pbuh) is one of the fundamental beliefs of Muslims. As the successor of the Prophet (PBUH) is the protector and preacher of religion and heir of the Prophet (pbuh), determinaon of the characteriscs of the successor is of paramount importance among the Shiites. Moreover, (AS) because of the relaon between knowledge of Imams and monotheism and the role of knowledge in other features of imamate, it is among important issues of Islamic theology. Accordingly, different aspects of knowledge of imam have been specially considered by the Shiites in recent centuries. However, given that the views of religious scholars on this issue have changed over me, there are controversies in determining the scope of the Imams’ (AS) knowledge among them. The paper seeks to invesgate the views of two Shiite scholars by studying their various compilaons, including "Al-Mizan" and "a trease of Imam's knowledge" by Allameh Tabatabai, and "Al-Ershad" and "Avael al-Maqale" by Sheikh Mufid. Sheikh Mufid is one of the earlier theologians and sciensts who believed Imam’s knowledge was limited ,whereas Allameh Tabatabaei was a later scholar and commentator who, based on a tradional approach, believed the Imams (AS) had unlimited knowledge (of course in al-Mizan commentary, late Allameh at first regards that unlimited knowledge only belongs to God). Invesgang the arguments and reasoning in both viewpoints, the author concludes that differences in the tradional and raonal principles of these two scholars have led into different results and understandings about Imam’s knowledge.

The issue of motion has as long a history as that of human beings. Human beings were concerned with it before they were concerned with significant issues in philosophy such as “existence” and “intellect”. An early philosopher who was concerned with the issue was Anaximander-the philosopher in the Ancient Greece-who believed in the eternal motion in the world. The theory of substantial motion can be traced back to the philosophy of Heraclitus-another Ancient Greek philosopher. Muslim philosophers also concerned themselves with this issue and discussed many problems regarding motion. The “motion” is a problem in ontology, epistemology, cosmology, and anthropology. In this paper, we will concern ourselves with anthropological problems of motion from a certain perspective; we will evaluate the role of “substantial motion” in the problem of “mind-body relation” and the substantial perfection of human beings. Given that the theory of “physical incipience of the soul” is an implication of the substantial motion, we will examine the theory of soul perfection and its development from a material body to pure immateriality or spirituality, and we will finally evaluate Mullā Ṣadrā’s account given hadiths concerning the creation of the soul.