ابوالقاسم عربیون

Entrepreneurship is a vital pillar in the economic and social progress of societies, playing a prominent role, especially in job creation and reducing unemployment.  Given the importance of this issue, entrepreneurship education in universities is recognized as a key tool for cultivating potential entrepreneurs and strengthening essential skills in this field.  This research aims to investigate the impact of entrepreneurship education on students' entrepreneurial behavior. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of approach. The study population included experts in the field of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship management, and university entrepreneurs. For the selection of participants, a purposive sampling method of the snowball type was used, and with the theoretical saturation criterion, 15 people were selected as the sample size. In this research, thematic analysis using MAXQDA2024 software was used to analyze qualitative data. The research results showed that entrepreneurship education improves entrepreneurial behavior in various dimensions, including entrepreneurial intentions and purposes, intellectual and attitudinal skills, networking and mentoring, the supportive role of the government, and the duties of universities. In particular, entrepreneurship education provides a basis for improving students' motivation and ability to start new businesses.  The findings also showed that entrepreneurship education provides a basis for improving and developing support networks and access to the resources needed to launch start-up businesses. The findings of this study provide significant achievements for policymakers, planners, and instructors of higher education in Iran and can help promote the culture of entrepreneurship and the country's economic growth.

Co-evolution is one of the scientific concepts that is adapted from biological ecosystems in the field of organization and as one of the relationships that has received much attention in recent years in ecosystems. Ecosystems as an evolutionary system consist of several parties, including actors, technologies, and institutions, which are trying to interact and survive through competition and cooperation. This research aims to, by relying on the research literature of business ecosystem and co-evolution in organizational populations, various components and dimensions of the concept of co-evolution in business ecosystems, which in many researches It has been dealt with in a scattered way in an overview and to answer the following main question: What are the dimensions of co-evolution in the business ecosystem? And what factors are involved in the emergence of this phenomenon in the business ecosystem?

This research is fundamental in terms of its purpose, and in terms of data collection, it is systematic review-documentary research. In order to identify the components of the concept of co-evolution in ecosystems, this research has used the systematic review method along with the content analysis of key articles in this field. 

By referring to Scopus and Google Scholar database, articles related to selected keywords were extracted and analyzed. In the first step, 881 articles were identified, and after filtering articles with different indexes, the number of articles that could be analyzed was reduced to 25 articles. The texts of 25 selected key articles entered the content analysis phase. Based on the results of this research, 5 main themes of the concept of co-evolution including mechanisms, nature, characteristics of ecosystem actors and 27 subcategories were extracted. Co-evolutionary mechanisms that actually express how this phenomenon is formed in ecosystems is "learning based on positive feedback and intelligence".Among the 27 sub-categories, 12 categories with high repetition were identified and based on this, a comprehensive definition of the nature and concept of co-evolution in business ecosystems was presented. Based on this definition, the concept of co-evolution in the business ecosystem based on the 4 main dimensions of "change, interaction, learning and multi-level" as "simultaneous, stable and permanent change and development between diverse actors of a business ecosystem that It is defined on several levels and based on learning and interaction between them. Based on the dimension of change, the main components that can be called co-evolutionary changes between different actors are "simultaneity and stability of changes" in which both actors must change simultaneously and mutually and the changes created in both entities must be stable (reproducible) and permanent. In the characteristics of ecosystem actors, the internal characteristics of each actor including "having intelligent, learning and interactive strategies" can have an effect on co-evolution, and the characteristics of the focal company of the ecosystem include intelligence, planning, and value. Development along with the laws and norms that are included in the governance structure of the ecosystem can have an effect on the formation of co-evolution at this level.

In this research, the study and analysis of co-evolutionary studies in the business ecosystem has been done using systematic review methods and content analysis of selected researches in this field. The review of the literature shows how over the years, the studies related to co-evolution in terms of conceptual and applied researches have adopted the analytical orientations of heterogeneity and still there is no unified understanding of this concept. Not in studies. The multiplicity of features and requirements mentioned in different sources and the observation that different studies have only considered some of these requirements have made the researchers in this field confused in obtaining a unified understanding of this approach and how it works. On the other hand, specific analyzes about where this point of view is now and where it can move to, are still not visible in the literature of organization and management. The aim of this research is to get an image of the past research process and future research streams and to know what and how the concept of co-evolution in the business ecosystem is, which is done through a systematic review and analysis of the content of highly cited articles. This field has answered two research questions. Each of the identified dimensions of this research can be used in companies that interact in cooperation networks and business ecosystems. The boundaries of the industry are gradually disappearing and different types of symbiosis, including ecosystems, replace the industry, the issue of co-evolution especially between the leaders and other members of the ecosystems. , co-evolution in technological entrepreneurship ecosystems in dynamic environments, the way of network formation in institutional ecosystems and the co-evolutionary leadership model in entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems can be among future theoretical researches.

Over the past decade, accelerators have emerged as a distinct and popular new form of intermediary organization, playing a key role in supporting entrepreneurial and innovation activities. To date, despite significant growth in accelerator research, there is still little understanding of how different forms of accelerators work and the effects they create in different fields. This article reviews the existing scientific research on accelerators with the approach of examining the conceptual model of accelerators supporting business with a meta-synthesızes approach, and using the meta-synthesızes technique, 54 qualitative research articles on accelerators published in the previous decade Analyzed. Meta-synthesızes analysis identified ten themes, including support strategy, infrastructure, accelerator types, accelerator context, interventions, the value proposition of business accelerators, challenges of accelerators, results of accelerators, mechanism, and Accelerators program design. This article identified gaps in current research and provided suggestions for future research.The Business Accelerator Framework is a program that provides business coaching and mentoring to early-stage startups. Startup accelerators help new companies succeed by providing funding, training, and mentoring. A business accelerator is a more effective way to help entrepreneurs create and launch new businesses. Companies that enroll in accelerator programs are quickly accelerated into successful corporate life through a fast-paced, comprehensive, and powerful training process, giving them in months the training that would have been gained over years of trial and error. Accelerators are growing widely, increasing the demand for startups for accelerator programs and attracting the attention of companies and governments. Goswami, Mitchell, and Bhagawatula observed that the number of business accelerators that provide entrepreneurial capital rather than financial investment has increased dramatically over the past 17 years. Entrepreneurial capital is a critical element, especially for start-up businesses. Emphasis on entrepreneurial capital rather than financial capital has been highlighted as a key difference between business accelerators and business ıncubators. Additionally, accelerators often do not provide financial resources such as office space or operating costs. Entrepreneurial capital, which includes market research, concept development, and investor relationship management, is prioritized by business accelerators. Accelerators are a different organizational form with a unique set of features based on the products they offer to their startup customers. are known to provide, which contrasts with some research that sees them as a specific type of business growth center. In addition, accelerators differ from incubators in that their support programs are for It last much shorter. Their goal is not to provide physical assets and office space for companies for a long time, also they have less emphasis than investment companies on the next source of financing, they seek to promote business growth by providing intensive and time-limited assistance. are.There is a lot of research on accelerators, however, this phenomenon is relatively new. The research includes two types of analysis of business accelerators, one on innovation intermediates and the other on incubator intermediates. Early studies of accelerators and incubators have focused on measuring their impact, but the findings of these studies have varied greatly. On the one hand, several studies have reported positive results of acceleration on businesses, while on the other hand, some studies have reported less or even negative effects of accelerators and growth centers on businesses. Although there is much research on accelerators, there seems to be a need for systematic research to understand what accelerators are, how they work, and what role they play in supporting the development of their startups and shaping the innovative entrepreneurial landscape in general.

Technology and knowledge transfer (TKT) as a two-way interaction between sender and receiver is a key strategy for industrial development among developing countries. However, it includes intangible costs called transaction costs in addition to tangible and formal costs. Experience gained by developing countries show that expert expats have high capacity to play a key role in this regard. By adopting the phenomenological analysis method and using interpretative-structural modeling based on lived experience of 22 Iranian expert expats, this research tries to identify a model of their impact on reducing transaction costs (TCs) as well as factors in this respect. MICMAC analytical tool has then been applied to position the factors according to their influence and role. Finding show trust and personal credibility in the experts' network and informal relationship with expats home play a key role in reduction of TCs thus helping better achieve goals in TKT efforts. Policy recommendations in respect to facilitating the transfer of technology and strengthening informal connections and ties between expats and home are suggested, especially in hi-tech sectors.

According to statistics provided by the Small Industries Investment Support Fund in 2017, Iranian businesses accounted for only 10% of the country's export volume. Furthermore, technology-oriented businesses with advanced products made up only 1.5% of Iran's non-oil exports, according to the United Nations Development Fund. This indicates that Iran has not been successful in this area, and its rank in this field is lower than that of other countries in the region. Developed countries, on the other hand, emphasize the expansion of agriculture and technological industries. Therefore, there is a significant performance gap and unfavorable state of Iran's economic drivers when comparing the country's statistics and current position with the lofty goals set. Also, since each of the researches have dealt with specific dimensions of the variables affecting the internationalization of businesses and the lack of research that has discussed the intensity of internationalization in relation to strategic agility and entrepreneurial orientation and digital technologies is felt, And since until the research, these structures have not been examined with this combination, this research is innovative in this sense. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of digital technologies on the intensity of internationalization of technology-oriented businesses, with the mediating role of strategic agility and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation.
The current research is a descriptive-correlational type of research with a practical purpose and data collection through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research includes technology-oriented businesses in Iran since April 2023, which have a history of exporting. To be considered a technology business, the goods and services of these businesses must be in the field of high or medium to high technologies, and the goods offered must be in production or at least at the level of a laboratory sample (capable of technical review) and services must have sales documents. The population of this research includes 305 employees of these businesses who are active in the fields of international trade. A sample size of 170 people was obtained using available sampling based on Cochran's formula and with an error level of 5% at a confidence level of 95%. The researchers used a 13-item questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale (5 = completely agree to 1 = completely disagree) derived from standard questionnaires to collect information. The relationships between variables were investigated using the SmartPLS3 software and the structural equation modeling method, which is a statistical model to investigate the relationship between latent variables and manifest variables.
The analysis of SmartPLS3 software showed that digital technologies have a direct and positive effect on the intensity of internationalization of technology-based businesses. Entrepreneurial orientation as a moderator and strategic agility as a mediating variable have a positive and significant effect as well. Therefore, businesses, especially technology-oriented ones, should consider the impact of digital technologies on the intensity of internationalization. They should digitize their processes by using digital technologies to enter and operate more successfully in international markets. Additionally, they should increase the intensity of internationalization by raising the level of strategic agility and using entrepreneurial orientation in their activities.
Technology-oriented companies operating in technology-intensive environments can expand the market for their technologies through internationalization of sales. They may do so in response to small, mature, or highly competitive domestic markets, or because they perceive greater opportunities in foreign markets. In general, the internationalization of technology-based firms is likely to increase as the world integrates, trade barriers decrease, and transportation and communications become more efficient. Therefore, the use of digital technologies can help businesses build better relationships with customers and suppliers, improve productivity, and facilitate faster internationalization. Therefore, it is better for businesses to consider their strategic agility while investing in the use of digital technologies so that they can quickly change their innovations according to the demands of customers and obtain specific information from competitors and improve their products. Design and develop faster and send to international markets.

Business model innovation is a crucial aspect of creating value from technology and ensuring that customer needs are met. While product or service innovation is often the main focus, business model innovation involves changing or creating new business models. In this study, an innovation agility model in the business model is designed with a focus on customer experience in new businesses in Tehran.

The research methodology involved qualitative research using thematic analysis. The statistical population included active professors in entrepreneurship and innovation, as well as managers of start-up businesses with at least 3 years of work experience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the research data, which took place in the spring of 2023.

The findings identified 8 components related to business model innovation and customer experience, including customer orientation, product innovation, service agility, acceptance of change, market factors, organizational and management factors, innovation agility, and customer experience enrichment. Overcoming challenges and effectively implementing customer experience strategies can lead to improved customer satisfaction, increased efficiency, and higher profitability. Artificial intelligence plays a significant role in enhancing the customer experience, as it has the potential to improve efficiency and personalize interactions. By leveraging AI, businesses can create meaningful and positive customer experiences, ultimately building brand trust and satisfaction.Conclution: Artificial intelligence has a great potential to help businesses in various areas of work, one of the important areas where artificial intelligence can help businesses is improving the customer experience. The integration of artificial intelligence in various industries has led to significant changes in the way businesses operate and how they interact with their customers.In particular, the use of artificial intelligence can be very helpful in improving the customer experience, which is due to the high potential of artificial intelligence in many work areas, including improving efficiency and personalizing the customer experience. Is. As technology has largely permeated.

The growth of the knowledge-based economy, the issue of commercialization of university research has become the strategy of governments and universities, therefore the purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the commercialization of university research in agricultural fields. This research is of an applied type with a qualitative approach, and the nature and method of carrying out the work is descriptive-analytical, library and field data collection. , professors of agricultural fields who were active in science and technology park and growth center or agricultural professors who were business owners and finally also professors in the field of economics, entrepreneurship and management. For this purpose, 20 people were selected. Individual dimension of five variables that includes personality traits, attitudes, previous experience, related knowledge, business skills. In the organizational dimension, seven variables have been named, which include the head of the organization, number of employees, organizational atmosphere, quality of research, innovative culture, human resource management method, organizational structure, and aligned organizational processes. In the institutional dimension, which includes variables such as goals and the mission of the university, history of contracts, policies of the university and the approach of the universities, in the dimension of the environment including infrastructure, education, market demand, marketing and sales, economic stability, business market and international interactions, and in the dimension of technological product, competitive price, after-sales service Sales and product innovation.

TThe purpose of this study is to provide a value creation model in rural businesses based on strategic sensemaking. This research is a descriptive-survey method and applicable in terms of nature. Statistical population was of rural business owners active in the rural sector of South West Azerbaijan in the field of industrial animal husbandry, industrial greenhouses, handicrafts and semi-industrial Rug weaving in 2020, of which 265 were identified and 155 were selected by the sample size of Georgian-Morgan. The research instrument included the strategic significance questionnaire of Neil et al. and to measure the value creation of businesses, their classification information was used according to the method of calculating the approximate return. Multivariate linear regression analysis and quadratic structural equation model were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that four components of strategic meaning including internal communication, external communication and data collection and information classification predict 43.4% of the value creation variable. As a result, a business that is aware of its environment and, on the other hand, the transfer of information and communication within the business flows smoothly, therefore, is in a better position to create value.

Financial fragility causes financial crisis and subsequent decline in economic growth. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effects of instability in financial development policies and inflation uncertainty on the economic growth of agricultural businesses with emphasis on employment and entrepreneurship. Thus, it was an applied research in terms of its purpose and a descriptive study in terms of its nature. The research was done in the form of a library study using quarterly data from 2013 to 2019. Econometric methods including the Dickey-Fuller unit root test and the moving average method were used to estimate exchange rate fluctuations as well as the Johansson-Juselius method or the vector autoregression method with distributive intervals based on the stationary and unit root of the variables was used. The research findings indicated that in the short term, increasing inflation uncertainty reduced the economic growth of agricultural businesses by 6.19 percent. Therefore, it can be concluded that the instability of financial development policies and the uncertainty of inflation cause businesses to have difficulty in their decisions and fail to predict and plan their future activities as well as disrupt the production process of firms in the economy of the agricultural sector. According to the study results, the government should avoid financial liberalization before providing infrastructure, and increase agricultural exports and economic growth through trade liberalization.

Co-evolution is one of the new scientific concepts and structures that have been used in the organizational field which adapted to biological ecosystems. This concept, passing the concepts of cooperation and co-competition in organizational populations, is expanding the literature in this field.This article was done by bibliometric method and analyzing the articles from 1983 to 2020 from the Scopus database in the field of "business, management and accounting". A total of 453 articles published between the mentioned years were retrieved, and after reviewing the subject and abstract of the articles, 391 articles were entered into the Vosviewr software for analysis. The achievements of this research, by analyzing the content of the most cited articles in this field, 5 new dimensions of the concept of co-evolution, including co-evolutionary mechanisms, patterns of changes, nature, levels of co-evolution and characteristics of entities were identified.Based on this "co-evolution is defined as a non-linear, causal and reciprocal process with the concept of sustainable and simultaneous change and development in organizational populations, which is a common result of managerial intentionality, institutional and environmental effects".

Inter-organizational cooperation is a process in which independent actors interact through formal and informal negotiations and jointly establish the rules and structures governing their relationships and the ways in which they decide and implement common issues. For this purpose, a set of different principles, rules, norms and tools are used to guide communication between different organizations to solve various problems. In some studies, which are often experimental; Inter-organizational collaboration has been described as a way of dealing with complex concepts - such as rapidly changing policy areas or the issue of coordination among a large number of actors. Applying different principles, techniques, structures and norms can enhance and facilitate collaboration between different organizations. Various researchers with different theoretical and empirical studies have tried to combine the optimal and appropriate combination of these principles, structures and tools in a way that formulates and prescribes a comprehensive framework for inter-organizational cooperation in solving policy issues. This study, by examining the existing theoretical and experimental literature, seeks to examine and analyze the factors affecting inter-organizational cooperation. The results show that five macro variables of governance, organizational-administrative, personal characteristics, trust and environment affect inter-organizational cooperation. Each of these variables also has separate variables.

Parallel with the growth of technologies, which affect the telemedicine, timely identification of telemedicine entrepreneurial opportunities seems to be necessary for the product development. This study aimed to identify applied aspects, medical fields, and technological trends in developing future entrepreneurial opportunities in telemedicine.

A three-step framework for identifying future entrepreneurial opportunities was employed as a trend analysis method to identify telemedicine technological trends and the cross impact analysis to predict future strategic trends in the field. This was done by completing the 9*9 matrix in a panel of 5 experts in this field, and reviewing 109 articles in the Scopus database with keyword search (Telemedicine and Opportunity) to identify practical aspects and future of telemedicine opportunities.

In the first step, 9 technological trends affecting the future of telemedicine were identified. In the second step, the technological trends of artificial intelligence along with the Internet of Things were identified as effective trends; wearable technologies and cloud computing were identified as strategic trends. In the final step, it was revealed that practical aspects (i.e., prevention, diagnosis, treatment and healthy living), as well as psychology and psychiatry, education, information acquisition, nutrition, and cardiology, shape a great majority of opportunities for telemedicine in the next 5 years.

To develop a successful new product in telemedicine, a three-dimensional framework (applied aspects, fields of medicine, and technology) should be considered; therefore, establishing cooperation between technology development companies and health companies seems to be necessary.</div>

The purpose of this article is to provide an article on academic entrepreneurship as an interface between industry and academia, as well as to provide academic entrepreneurship services. Indifferent years, academics are expected to play a more prominent role in the IFA industry. However, you can rarely represent a university entrepreneur in terms of service delivery. With the possibility that you can be provided, you can use more services, you can provide academic entrepreneurship, and we provide our services to you and you can use your services in Industry and government with their leadership management.Also in today's competitive world, there are successful organizations, universities andcountries that are able to make the most of information and knowledge. Academic support can dramatically increase the success rate of scientific and research institutions. Universities are the best place to identify entrepreneurs, although it takes time to develop entrepreneurship, but you need to be quick to use the potential and knowledge of university graduates. In this article, we will review the ways and means of expanding and developing entrepreneurship, taking into account the existing challenges and opportunities.

The entrepreneurship process begins with identifying opportunities. Understanding the process of identifying future opportunities with the help of foresight is especially important for IT businesses. The sequential exploratory mixed method research (quantitative-qualitative) took place. The first part of the research is a systematic review of articles related to identifying opportunities and interviewing entrepreneurship and futures studies experts. Opportunity identification steps use 17 methods in three dimensions: perception, prediction, and expansion. Then, by using the SPSS24 software and analyzing the collected questionnaires, the dimensions of the framework were confirmed. The results of factor analysis revealed that the steps of foresight (input-analysis-output) are equal to the steps of opportunity identification. Finally, using the first phase of the framework (environmental analysis), they were initially identified by rating the reports on digital health technology trends for the military and their main ones were ranked so the three trends in telemedicine, patient-centered care and wearable technologies will be the most important trends over the next five years.

The evolution of countries' economies from a resource-based economy to a knowledge-based economy doubles the need for universities to shift from teaching and research to triple education, research, and entrepreneurship. Students, as one of the most important human resources of universities, have a key role to play in this. The purpose of this study was to identify and measure the factors affecting entrepreneurial intention in engineering students of Al-Zahra University. For this purpose, a survey strategy with a sample size of 438 people was used. Research findings show that entrepreneurial personality traits have a significant positive relationship with students' attitudes to entrepreneurship. There is also a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and students' entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, there was a significant positive relationship between perceived support for entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention, but no significant negative relationship between perceived barriers to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. Also, among the various engineering disciplines, mechanical engineering students, and among the various academic years, freshman students have the most entrepreneurial intention. The most important policy recommendations in this study include entrepreneurship training for students, continuous monitoring of entrepreneurship attitudes and students' entrepreneurial intentions, and finally, promotional activities and structural reforms to increase student entrepreneurship support and reduce student entrepreneurship barriers.

Action is the perquisite for entrepreneurial action; however, the scholarly field of entrepreneurship has focused on studying individuals and situations. As the inefficiencies of these traditions became evident, there has been an increasing attention to the entrepreneurial process and action but these studies either have not defined it or have defined it based on their own theoretical perspective. As having clear and comprehensive definition and construct clarity is the perquisite for making progress in theorizing and generalizing findings, the present study, using systematic literature review and thematic analysis, aims at investigating the definitions proposed for entrepreneurial action and offer a definition based on an integrative approach. This article intends to offer a conceptual definition of entrepreneurial action based on the literature and so is a fundamental research and from the research method point of view is a theme analysis-qualitative research. To identify articles in Scopus database, we consider some criteria that lead us to 256 article in international leading journals. After studying the abstracts, 27 articles were selected for content analysis. Elements and aspects of entrepreneurial action provided in these articles were coded and categorized in the following 7 major classes: preliminaries and causal conditions, context, logics and strategies of entrepreneurial action, behavioral and mental aspects and their outcomes. Based on these categories of concepts, a definition is provided for entrepreneurial action with integrating approach which includes the identified elements and categories.

Resource constraint is one of the most important issues policymakers face with. Hence the financing limitations of entrepreneurs have always been one of the main concerns of government officials and policymakers. The answer to these constraints is the need to understand the financing policy framework for entrepreneurship. Since the purpose of this study is the provision of technopreneurship financing policies, the systematic review of policies in this area has been gathered and reviewed. In this qualitative study, using the grounded theory analysis, the framework of these policies is counted. Owing to the newness of interdisciplinary studies in this area, technopreneurship requires attention to and development of the studies related to this knowledge. Reviewing the trend of technopreneurship financing polices studies, one of the most important achievements of this study is the provision of a technopreneurship financing polices framework in six conceptual areas.

the issue of creating university campus entrepreneurship ecosystem (UCE2) is of ‎one the challenges faced by entrepreneurship development policy makers in ‎higher education. The main objective of this research is to model and configuration ‎the factors affecting the creation of the university campus entrepreneurship ‎ecosystem through the leveling and determining the extent of their interactions. In ‎this research, using a mixed- exploratory method, Accordingly, the research ‎method of this research is applied and from the perspective of information ‎gathering, descriptive and survey. This research has a qualitative section and a ‎quantitative part for identifying and leveling the effective factors in the formation ‎of UCE2 and a quantitative part for measuring the interactions of the factors. The ‎method of sampling in both quantitative and qualitative parts is purposive and ‎through a snowball method. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews ‎were initially used by 20 experts to identify the effective factors in UCE2, and in the ‎next step, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)‎ was used to determine the levels ‎of factors. In the quantitative analysis, the method of DEMATEL has been used. For ‎this purpose, the questionnaire of DEMATEL was provided to 12 experts. Using ‎DEMATEL modeling, the effect of factors was calculated. The results of the ‎research show that 9 important factors affecting the formation of UCE2 are ‎classified into three levels of regional factors, culture and university factors.‎

The field of entrepreneurship research is now approximately 30–40 years old and has become a significant field of intellectual activity involving thousands of scholars in different countries. Therefore, it is vital to systematically analyze the main strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of entrepreneurship research within the field. Hence current research undertaken with aim to analyze strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities (SWOT) of entrepreneurship researches and formulate appropriate strategies for this system. By depth literature review, 55 external factors (25 opportunities and 30 threats) and 48 internal factors (19 strengths and 29 weaknesses) are identified. Then weighting and ranking of the factors ranging from 1 (unimportant) to 4 (very important) took place by using the viewpoints of group of 31 researchers and faculty members in the field of entrepreneurship. Final score of external factors for entrepreneurship researches is 2.881. This implies that entrepreneurship researches couldn’t benefit from opportunities factors or avoids threats factors. Moreover final score of internal factors for entrepreneurship researches is 2.789. This implies that effective internal factor for entrepreneurship researches are strength. Regarding cell number five in internal and external matrix, conservative strategies are accepted in strategic planning for development of entrepreneurship researches. Finally by QSPM technique attractiveness of strategies is specified.

This research was done with aim of identifying and analyzing barriers of academic entrepreneurship at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan. A researcher-made questionnaire, as a research tool, was used for collecting data. Using Krejcie and Morgan Table, 92 faculty members of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan were selected and studied through random sampling through appropriate assignment. Conceptual categorizing of the four dimension of academic entrepreneurship barriers has been led to the extraction of the following 12 principal conceptual components: non-entrepreneurship professional approach, lack of entrepreneurship integration for university’s management strategy and poor training and information about entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship support component), investment and funding restrictions for entrepreneurship activities, improper support of faculty members’ entrepreneurship and limited capacity (business launch support component), poor procedures and processes, limited capacity of business in the region and lack of resources and infrastructures (business development support component), insufficient understanding of academic entrepreneurship, insufficiency of propagation and developing culture for academic entrepreneurship and motivational obstacles of academic entrepreneurship (entrepreneurship culture component). Based on the identified obstacles, some strategies have been suggested for improving academic entrepreneurship at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Gorgan.

This research aims to identification and analysis informational sources, A method of obtaining information and Evaluation Criteria Sources that used in the information seeking behavior of entrepreneurs in medicinal plants industry process. This is descriptive and correlational research and quantitative research methods is used in this study. To collect data, according to Morgan - krejcie table Was selected a sample size of 140 subjects, the medicinal plant industry entrepreneurs selected by simple random sampling in Tehran city.A questionnaire developed by the researchers for this study, The Content validity of This questionnaire by elitesand and the Reliability by using the Cronbach's alpha was confirmed. For data analysis in this study used SPSS 20 and Lisrel 8.50l Software. And to answer the research questions, the researcherused of Pearson correlation and regression analysis and the coefficients of variation. Eventually The analyzes carried out shown that The type of source, a method of obtaining information and Evaluation Criteria Sources a significant Pairwise relationship.As well as The type of information source Factor is the greatest impac on information seeking behavior of entrepreneurs medicinal plants.also the medicinal plant industry entrepreneurs are considered the specialized exhibitions as their first priority in the usage of sources And for the for entrepreneurs, accuracy of the information is more important than the other existing criteria.And they prefered to Earn information from their personal sources to other ways. The results obtained in this research assist to policymakers in designing efficient and effective information system that tailored to entrepreneurs needs

The aim of this research is to prioritize the key factors for implementation of idea virtual bank (IVB) in telecommunication industry. The current applied and descriptive research was conducted based on a survey. The population of this research consisted of all users of IVB and idea submitters to suggestion system of telecommunication industry in province of Razavi-Khorasan that 70 of them were selected as the research samples. Using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), seven key factors for implementation of IVB were compared and weighted based on their importance to implement IVB in telecommunication industry. Then, items of each key factor ranked using TOPSIS technique. Result showed that components such; “encouraging and supportive of idea”, “assessing method” and “interaction and content milieu of IVB” were high ranking to implement IVB in telecommunication industry.

It is becoming clear that entrepreneurship, or certain facets of it, can be taught. Currently, there has been a proliferation of training courses dedicated to entrepreneurship, so it is need to formulate consensus on syllabuses and content from the viewpoint of the candidate-entrepreneurs to respond to the learning needs of the Nominees. The aim of current research is to identify and assess syllabuses and contents of entrepreneurship training program based on entrepreneurship and business behavior and process. The current applied research carried out according survey method and cross sectional method, and utilized questionnaire tools in order to data gathering. Statistical population contains all candidates who participate in business and entrepreneurship skills training program that hold by Ministry of Labor and Social Affair in Kermanshah province. By using Krejcie and Morgan table, 174 sample selected and simple random sampling exploited to select respondent nominees. Needed skills are assessed in term of 8 dimensions, 31 components and 176 items, results showed that dimensions include; professional development, communications and interpersonal skills, digital skills, economics, entrepreneurship behavior/traits, financial knowledge, entrepreneurial traits/behaviors, business foundations, are prioritized. Also most components include considering ethics in communication, staff communication in term of "communications and interpersonal skills dimension and components of career planning and job-seeking skills in term of professional development dimension. Despite of this, various items contained the each of component and dimensions are ranked. These elements could consider as content standards entrepreneurship courses. Finally, some recommendations are provided to improve cycle of entrepreneurship curriculum development.

This research is intended to have a content analysis of entrepreneur researches in Iran. The population includes 189 articles related to entrepreneurship and small businesses published in the journals (except for Development of Entrepreneurship” Quarterly of the University of Tehran) by 2012. The study revealed that most entrepreneurship researches have been published in the journal of “Economic Researches and Agricultural Development”. Most researches dealt with psychological and entrepreneurial issues. Quantitative researches composed 62. 9 researches. 39. 15 percent of the researches related to individuals، and 29. 63 percent related to organizations. Most of the researches were conducted at entrepreneurial levels. Students and graduates composed 18. 52 percent of the researches. Having used questionnaires، most of the researches contained periodical data (39. 68 percent). Longitude data collection was conducted in few researches. 15. 87 percent of the researches were conducted in Tehran. 55. 56 percent of the researches were conducted by two or three researchers. 35. 98 percent of the researches were conducted at least by one female. The results indicated that entrepreneurial researches follow an increasing procedure، especially after 2002.