احمد غنی پور ملکشاه

Various imaginary images can be found in the works of poets. When encountering these imaginative images, one of the experiences of the reader of poetry is to uncover the poetic codes, thereby understanding the diverse experiences of the poet. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method, examines and analyzes the imaginative images of the wind in Manteq-ut-Tayr as a reflection of the poet's inner and outer experiences in relation to the self, the world, poetry, and the audience. In this study, it is assumed that the "Golden Bird" represents Attar himself, and Gilbert Durand's theory of imagination, based on the diurnal imaginary regime (positive and negative poles) and the nocturnal imaginary regime (moderation and refinement of these two poles), serves as the main approach of the research. Additionally, Attar's interactions with the wind, the Golden Bird, the hoopoe, the Simurgh, and other birds form the myth of the hero. In this analysis, the imaginative images are not related to rhetorical figures or literary embellishments; rather, the goal is to uncover the nature of the poet's perspectives and decode the deeper hidden layers of his poetry. The results obtained indicate that the element of the wind in this work is mostly dual and appears in the positive animal form with the motive of an ascending journey. In terms of its mysterious structure and combinatory states, it is closer to Gilbert Durand's nocturnal imaginary regime.

Mystical experiences are a sublime keyword which expresses the originality of the mysticism of mystics in different periods. People who gain experience on the path of mysticism need a language to express those using words to reflect their experiences. It is certainly possible to use words with a secondary use that are active in the field of expression and originality, and with cryptic hints from technical people, the mystical truths obtained by walking the path can be made available to the disciples of the path of mysticism, to create a taste in the heart. In addition, it created excitement in their minds. In many stories, "Attar" has shown the mystical truths that lead to gaining experiences for his followers. Expressing mystical truths and concepts to someone who has traveled the path and reached the level of mysticism is a great task and a duty that he must provide to the seekers and followers of mysticism in any language he can. The problem of the present research is to analyze the reasons for the expressiveness of mystical experiences in order to explain and formulate the issue of language in the representation of mystical experiences. People who have the ability to understand this discourse, in some authorities, have no choice but to express what they have seen and heard. In this article, in a descriptive-analytical way, the place of mystical experiences from the perspective of mystics especially Attar’s viewpoint has been criticized.

“Taboo,” in its general sense, refers to all prohibited social behaviors, and in linguistics, it is interpreted as “prohibition in linguistic behaviors.” Due to the significant impact of this linguistic phenomenon, many sociolinguists have devoted studies to this area. Euphemisms are used to replace unpleasant concepts with more acceptable expressions. In order to reflect social status and maintain their credibility, most writers employ various euphemistic strategies to express different types of linguistic prohibitions. Using a descriptive-analytical method, we examine linguistic constraints in two selected contemporary novels: Island of Bewilderment and The Dog and the Long Winter. Findings indicate that in both novels, topics such as obscene words (profanity and insults), alcohol and drug use, romantic relationships, sexual matters, intimacy, kissing, and body parts undergo euphemistic transformations. Both authors attempt to express various linguistic prohibitions using techniques such as reduplication, omission, lexical borrowing, metaphor, semantic opposition, understatement, paradoxical negation, ambiguous words, and referential expressions.

Verbal and non-verbal communication is used in literary works to convey concepts and messages. Non-verbal communication is the use of body movements, sounds, facial expressions, clothing, place and time in the process of communicating with the audience. In this article, an attempt has been made to analyze the categories of Sufism from the perspective of non-verbal communication and show that Khwaja Abdullah Ansari from All kinds of non-verbal communication have been used to narrate the book and all kinds of non-verbal behaviors such as body movements and gestures, location, artefacts, facial expressions, body contacts, analysis, classification and review. The purpose of this article is to introduce, classify, decode and analyze the types of Non-verbal communication is in Sufism categories to show how body language can have functions such as controlling, complementing, emphasizing and replacing verbal conversations.

In the present research, the non-verbal communication of Sufi sects has been analyzed with the descriptive-analytical method.

It seems that in tazkira texts, in addition to the general examples of non-verbal communication, there are special expressions that are specific to this type of text. Categorizing and dealing with this kind of special and specific manifestations can distinguish this research from other works in this field. So that every audience will be able to interpret and decipher the text of Tabaqat Sufi, according to their cultural and social background.

The research shows that non-verbal communication in Sufi classes is mostly used to replace the verbal message, and the component of physical appearance has been used the most due to the expression of educational purposes and individual and social situations, and among the components of physical behaviors, non-verbal behavior The hand has the highest frequency due to the movement towards God and capture (with ironic meaning) in mystical behavior and religious education, and the physical behavior of the head has the lowest frequency among these components. The low frequency of this behavior is remarkable and interesting.

The discussion of objectivity and subjectivity in literature, and particularly in poetry, is a subject that has attracted the attention of many literary researchers for several centuries. Numerous debates have taken place regarding pure objectivism or absolute subjectivism, as well as a blend of both, with one dominating the other. Due to its focus on nature and material and sensory imagery, Khorasani-era poetry is often regarded as objective poetry, and among the poets of this era, Farrukhi Sistani stands out for his numerous depictions of nature and innovative and fresh designs that result from his personal experiences and creativity. Therefore, an analysis of his ghazals, which are filled with fresh objective imagery and delicate descriptions, can serve as a significant example for a better understanding of objectivism in the poetry of this period. Additionally, the vivid embodiment of the various images that Farrukhi skillfully presents to the reader's imagination will undoubtedly help recognize his perspective and worldview concerning surrounding phenomena as well as his perception of the realities of the world. Alongside the examination of objectivism in Farrukhi's poetry as a representative of the Khorasani School, the influence or lack thereof of subjectivity in shaping objectivity will also be addressed.

 The theme or content is the main idea and essence of literary works that connects their constituent elements together. The upcoming research was written with this purpose to find out the ideas within the poems of children and adolescents in the nineties; For this purpose, two hundred volumes of books including one thousand nine hundred and thirteen poems of sixty poets were examined and it was determined that what themes and topics were used by poets within this period.

 In this research, based on library sources and analytical-descriptive method, the content of children"s and adolescent’s poetry in the nineties were investigated.

 After studying and examining, the intended poems were studied in categories with emotional, educational-moral, entertainment, religious, naturalism, political-social, and educational-scientific themes, and the theme and developments of each of the themes, were shown within a Ten years old path.

 The results of this research show that the emotional, entertaining and happy themes have the first and second ranks, respectively, and the educational-moral theme has the lowest frequency. This shows that the pure nature of children and teenagers needs pure feelings and comforting themes more than any other theme. The entertaining and happy topics that ranked second in this survey indicates that children’s age requires happiness and happy topics should play a role in their development. The placement of educational-moral themes in the last rank can be indicative of the fact that poets have realized that writing any kind of prescription for children and teenagers, treating them like adults and raising serious issues for them is less popular with children and adolescents. Also, the scale of frequency of these themes shows that poets of children and adolescent poems have tried to have a more accurate understanding about the psychological needs of their audience than before.

The novel entitled Mr. Pip by Lloyd Jones, a writer from New Zealand, was written under the influence of Charles Dickens' Great Expectations from which the author borrows the name of one of the characters in his story, Mr. Pip. The events of this story take place on an island in Australia. Lloyd Jones deals with issues related to the island's civil wars in the early 90s with the aim of offering realistic education which is in line with equipping students with the skills needed to adapt to the environment. In Mr. Pip, Lloyd Jones tries to represent people and social situations as they are in real life. To do so, the author of the novel adopts a problem-oriented approach that realistically expresses the surrounding realities. The present study aims to answer a fundamental question related to this novel: what are the most important components of Educational Realism in Mr. Pip? Findings suggest that in Mr. Pip, Lloyd Jones emphasizes the role of the teacher in training students by shedding light on the effects of the teacher's teachings and innovation in persuading and motivating the students in the class.

Layered stylistics is one of the ways of analyzing the text (prose or poetry) in which the stylistic features of a work are determined by using the layered pattern. Children's poetry is one of the types of children's and adolescent literature that requires comprehensive attention and investigation. In layered stylistics, phonetic, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical and ideological elements of poets are examined. For this reason, in this research, the poetry style of Parvin Dolatabadi, a female poet in the field of children and teenagers, is investigated and analyzed in five layers. The research method in this thesis is descriptive and content analysis type. The result of the research shows that Dolatabadi was more successful in the side and inner music of the vocal layer. In the lexical layer for his young audience, he has used more tangible words, especially the elements of nature. In the syntactic layer, he has used simple sentences far from ambiguity and complexity. In the rhetorical part, the most important arrays used by the poet are identification and simile. Also, the dominant ideology in Dolatabadi's children's and teenagers' poems is summarized in moral and educational, scientific and educational themes, entertainment, games and religion.

Semiotics aims to uncover the conventions that give rise to meaning and assigns each word as a sign based on the concepts of the signifier and the signified, as well as signification. This research examines the word "Alast" ("Am I not your Lord?" Quran:7/172) in Masnavi Manavi using an analytical-descriptive method and relies on layered semiotics. As an abstract sign, the word carries various meanings. Jalāl-al Din Rumi, like other Quranic words, has undergone semantic evolution and has created innovative interpretations within its context. Whenever he refers to the word, he establishes specific semantic links with a particular concept. This article investigates these specific semantic connections. The research results indicate that Rumi has employed this word in semantic fields with a unique artistic function. By mastering the mystical, philosophical, historical, and psychological content, and most importantly, the Quran and Hadiths, Rumi has effectively expressed profound content through this word. His intention was not merely to use the word as rhetoric.

Hasht-Behesht is one of Amirkhosrow’s five Masnavids written in response to Nezami’s Haft-Peikar. By examining the similes in this poem, we found that the similes used by the poet were mostly concepts related to human and his belongings. Since this story has seven main structures and many palaces are described in these masnavi; Therefore, these places are topic. Nature and abstract concepts are sometimes used as image. images included nature, objects, cosmos bodies and animals are highest frequency. In terms of being sensory and intellectual, the highest frequency was related to sensory to sensory similes. In terms of extensive simile, the analogies of explicit similitude  and brief were more used. The poet has used eloquent similes and similes  addition in his stories. In terms of being singular and binding, singular to singular similes are more frequent than others. Beautiful compound similes can also be seen in this story. In evaluating the simile, we came to the conclusion that the similes in this masnavi are mostly singular, reality and non-allegorical. We also examined the combination of simile with other imagery and it was found that simile is combined with rhetorics such as simile, metaphor, allusion, allusineness and mythological concepts and added to the elegance and beauty of similes. In the end, we also pointed out the similes and novel and beautiful combinations used by Amir Khosro in this stoty. Amir Khosro has used almost all types of similes in this poem, and this shows the breadth of the poet's imagination and his ability to create images.

Web novels can play a central role in promoting lifestyles in the present time. Hence, this study aims to examine the lifestyle depicted in I Worry About You, one of the most popular web novels. To this end, this study has designed and examined this question: What are the key indicators of the Islamic Iranian lifestyle in I Worry About You? To address the research question, the current study benefits from library archives to analyze and quantify the distinct indices of the Iranian Islamic lifestyle. The study identifies five general and eight measurable indexes in the Iranian Islamic lifestyle. By employing the method of qualitative content analysis, the present study encoded and categorized web novels. The findings of the study have shown that the novel has conformed with the criteria of the Iranian Islamic lifestyle concerning family issues as well as acquiring knowledge, eschewing the promotion of ostentation, striving for a lawful livelihood, and honoring the dignity of society members. Moreover, the novel does not address spiritual matters and the belief in God. Finally, the novel does not align with the Iranian Islamic lifestyle in terms of its characters' relationships with unrelated and unfamiliar individuals.

In literary studies, metaphor is considered to be the basic element of creativity and a characteristic expression of the author's artistic individuality. Metaphor can be used by writers in various social contexts to support the basic statements and beliefs of a specific ideology or point of view. Fauconnier and Turner raised a new issue in the field of cognitive linguistics and metaphor. They proposed that mental spaces are small conceptual packages that are created in the human mind when speaking or thinking and, therefore, form the basis of understanding. In Persian poetry, Parvin E'tesami's poems have a greater suitability and capacity for the application of this theory because of their metaphorical language and because they are free from the limitations governing some formal types of ancient literature. Therefore, all the metaphors of Parvin E'tesami's poems were analyzed to lay bare the metaphors which constructed the mental spaces. Findings indicate that the conceptual domains of Parvin's metaphors are divided into six groups: ontological metaphors (phenomenal or material), characterizing metaphors, directional metaphors for positive and negative emotions, and structural metaphors (abstract phenomena, body parts, the concept of life, natural phenomena). In general, it can be said that in case of all constructed metaphors, the use of conceptual areas in the construction of metaphors to convey specific meanings to the audience has been done in a targeted manner.

The main purpose of this research is to examine the propositions and elements of spiritual intelligence in the stories of children and teenagers during the 70s to 90s, in order to discuss and analyze the components that writers convey to children and teenagers through their works. Therefore, we have tried to find out what are the ideological concepts and attitudes in children"s and adolescent fiction books in the decades under review.

The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical based on library studies and document analysis. The statistical community of research is a selection of outstanding works of fiction for children and adolescents in the form of 9 selected stories from age groups "B", "G", "D", "H" published by the Center for Intellectual Development of Children and Adolescents in the70s to 90s. In this research, we have used the components of spiritual intelligence based on the theories of two of the most prominent theorists of spiritual intelligence, Emmons and Marshall, and materials related to this theory that have been the focus of researchers in other scientific findings.

Among the findings of this research is that the authors have used the teachings of psychology, that is, the components and propositions of spiritual intelligence, in order to express and teach moral, spiritual and religious ideas and concepts in the reviewed books.

Based on the results of the research, the components of spiritual psychology according to Emmons, Zohar, and Marshall include: finding the sacred with the help of the holy intellect, the capacity for transcendence and going beyond the physical and material world and making it transcendent, having critical thinking, a sense of responsibility; Social duty and mission, identity and giving meaning to oneself and the world, entrusting affairs to the holy force (trust), moral capacities (love, peace and compassion) are present in the investigated stories.

Description is kind of linguistic action that can be present in any kind of discourse, whether literary or historical. The appearance and formal features and characteristics of the description provide the possibility to make good use of descriptive statements in the analysis of historical texts. The main purpose of this essay is to show the types of description in artificial prose based on the theory of description in the two books Tarikh Jahangosha and Tarikh Vassaf.

In this research, it has been tried to examine and cite enough examples and evidences from the two works of Tarikh Jahangosha and Tarikh Vassaf. The method of the present research will be done by following the method of structuralisms and the authors have tried to avoid mere compliance in the methodical control of this method.

The result of this research shows that in Jahangosha history and Vassaf history, we are faced with a variety of descriptive statements that the authors have used description not only for decoration but also to make the text artistic and to induce content.

The results of the research show that the special narration of Jahangosha"s history and Vassaf history of historical events have changed these two authors status from historians to literary artists. By using description as a stylistic component in the form of structural descriptions (short, detailed and long, implicit, explicit, obvious) and also paying attention to the rhetorical aspects of the image, these two writers (historians)have been able to remove the propositions of the historical narrative from pure narration and artistic aspects. and increase its literature with the help of description.

One of the methods of examining the text is Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach, in which special attention is paid to its situational and discursive context in the examination of the text, and it is examined at three levels: description, interpretation and explanation. In this article, an attempt was made to analyze the system of Khosrow and Shirin Nizami with the approach of critical discourse analysis, focusing on the debate between Khosrow and Farhad. In examining the text and at the level of description, we are faced with two types of stances in the form of Farhad and Khosrow's debate, which shows the conflict between the lower and upper classes. At the level of interpretation, the social context of the text indicates the praise of the institution of the court, as a result of which the ruling ideology appears on the text. At the level of explanation, the text does not seek to confront the prevailing ideology, but to legitimize it. Finally, the text has reproduced power relations and tried to stabilize and continue them.

Layered stylistics is one of the new methods in analyzing literary texts. In this method, the text is examined in five layers: phonetic, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical and ideological, in addition to examining the stylistic features of the text, the author's thoughts and attitudes on various topics are revealed. Attar’s Tazkirat al-Awliya can be studied based on this method due to its linguistic and intellectual prominence. In this article, the authors have studied “Tazkirat al-Awliya” in three lexical, syntactic and rhetorical layers by analytical-statistical method and have dealt with the salient features of each layer. In this study, in the lexical layer, words have been selected with previous attitude and thought. In the syntactic layer, the arrangement and connection of sentences together is based on the author's purpose of the anecdote, and the choice of verbs, adverbs, prepositions and suffixes is made in order to induce the concept and according to the author's ideology. There is a lot of simile in the rhetorical layer, which increases the clarity and simplicity of the text. Attar's thoughts and ideology can be retrieved explicitly and implicitly in the study of all three layers.e salient features of each layer. In this study, in the lexical layer, words have been selected with previous attitude and thought. In the syntactic layer, the arrangement and connection of sentences together is based on the author's purpose of the.

Mystical ethics is a set of epistemological models that their results and functions are manifestations of God’s attributes in the mystic and their aim is perfecting and bringing man from the lowest level of his existence to the highest level of perfection. This can be achieved through following the path of God and dwelling in spiritual homes and by abstaining from vices and adornment with virtues and through austerity and effort. Attention to this rich and prolific spiritual concept is very prominent in Jami’s Masnavi of Haft Awrang. Based on a descriptive-analytical method the aim of this study is first to define mystical ethics and then to extract and express some of the themes of mystical ethics in the Masnavi of Haft Awrang, which are proposed in three areas of “Man’s relationship with God”, “Man’s relationship with himself” and “Man’s relationship with other men” and within five domains of “ideological-epistemological”, “emotional-affective”, “voluntary”, “action” and “speech”. By studying this Masnavi, we find that Jami tried to encourage his audience to observe mystical ethics based on serving God. Thus, the themes used in this Masnavi mainly revolve around the area of man’s relationship with God.

Layered stylistics is one of the ways of text analysis (prose or poetry) in which the stylistic prominences of a work are determined using a layered pattern. Children"s poetry is one of the types of children"s literature that needs comprehensive attention and study. Therefore, in this study, with the aim of achieving the style of Rudabeh Hamzehei, her young poems are examined and analyzed in five layers: phonetic, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical and ideological, and the poet"s innovations.

The research method in this paper is qualitative and content analysis. The information is extracted from library resources and reputable Internet sites and collected through the fishery tool, and at the end, the information and statistics obtained are reviewed and evaluated.

In examining the stylistics of the layers of phonetic, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical and ideological elements of Hamzeh"s poems, we see the stylistic features that are specific to children"s poetry and increase the poetry of children"s poetry; Because the word child binds poetry to certain rules and principles, the violation of which, as a departure from the ultimate goal of poetry, is to cultivate childish poetry.

The result of the research shows that the poet has been more successful in the side and inner music of the vocal layer. In the lexical layer for his young audience, he has used more sensory and slang words and has used a variety of words. It has also shown a greater tendency for descriptive compounds than for additional compounds. In the syntactic layer, the structure of the sentences is simple and most of the verbs are placed at the end of the sentence, while the noun verbs (attributes) are used much less. In the rhetorical part, the most important arrays used by the poet have been discernment, appropriateness and contradiction, and he has used metaphors and allusions in a limited number. In the ideological layer, we see the poet"s attention and nobility to all the affairs of the child, and this shows the feminine sense and motherly responsibility of this capable poet. Also in her poetry there are innovations in the names of sounds, especially the names of sounds for children, the use of words for children and new and new similes.

During its historical and cultural relations with Iran, Russia was able to have a tremendous and necessary impact on the intellectual level of Iranian writers by creating and exporting the school of socialist realism. In fact, after the establishment of the new style in Russia and the emergence of the ideological role of art, the presence and abundance of party ideologies, especially after the first conference of Iranian writers in July 1325. Not only was Iranian writers influenced by those ideas and consequently the writing of party novels, but at some points (especially in the forties and fifties) the main themes of the country"s outstanding works were derived from the ideals and slogans of this movement.

The present article is based on descriptive-analytical research method and written using library tools. The statistical population of the study also includes eight novels, four Russian novels: Gorky"s mother, how did steel melt? From Stravsky, Iron Flood by Sarafimovich, and Defeat by Fadiyev, and four Persian novels: Her Eyes by Alavi, The Daughter of a Peasant by Etemadzadeh, My Deer Husband by Ali Mohammad Afghani, and Neighbors by Ahmad Mahmoud.

The most important intellectual components and ideas of socialist realism in Russian and Iranian novels are: "Party writing", "Populism and attention to the deprived masses", "Optimistic presentation of the work", "Type" "Construction", "evolution of characters", "apostasy", "showing the material roots of phenomena" and "realism".

Iranian novels have received an undeniable and undeniable influence from Russian novels written under the school of socialist realism. In fact, Iranian writers, as efficient, enlightened and directional intellectuals in political thought, by using the partisan ideas used by Russian writers in their novels, while creating similar works, introduce idealistic and revolutionary ideas into society.; Ideas that had not been presented in the intellectual sphere of Persian literature before. However, it should be noted that the intellectual similarities between Russian and Iranian writers are not exactly the same, and Iranian writers, despite being influenced, have made significant changes in light of different geographical and cultural conditions.

One of the effective models in the analysis of fictional characters is the model provided by Benjamin Hrushevsky. Hrushevsky was one of the theorists who emphasized the network of human relations and believed that text patterns create a complex network of hierarchies. From the structure called the character, he presents a tree-like hierarchical structure in which the semantic characteristics of the characters can be achieved by combining two or more details within a unifying category. This paper seeks to analyze the character of "Mergan" in the novel " The Vacancy of Salouch" by Mahmoud Dovlatabadi based on this model in an analytical-descriptive way, to answer the questions that the character of Mergan in the novel " The Vacancy of Salouch" What are the characteristics of "salouch" and what are the features of these characters based on Hrushevsky 's personality pattern and in which textual contexts are they represented? According to the studies performed in Mergan's character analysis based on the Hrushevsky model; components such as; paradox, repetition, similarity, analogy, equation, and logical implication are principles that influence in the generalization of Mergan's personality behavior and the discovery of his personality traits. Among these principles; the principle of similarity and logical implication are more than any other, they determine Mergan's personality traits and the characteristics of stubbornness, frustration and despair are his most obvious semantic characteristics.

Humor is one of the most effective critical strategies in poem and prose. Some humorists use this kind of literature in order to reveal and reform the discursive, behavioral and intellectual deficiencies of a person or society. In so doing, they use a sugar-coated pill so that the audience would willingly accept it. Akbar Eksir is a contemporary poet whose works intermingle with humor through the employment of a simple, mild, and artistic language. He reminds us of the individual and social problems, hoping that they would be resolved. This research project aims to study the techniques of humor in Eksir’s poetry, trace some samples for each and then analyze them. The results of the study show that his books "Please Sit Down, Dear Chair", “Honeybees Have Got Diabetes", “Dead Pistachio Is Crushing Silence", “Fertile Grasshoppers", “Malaria", and “Makataonashim” have used some methods like hyperbole, understatement, incongruity and comparison, linguistic plays, surprise, inverted collocations, etc. The results show that linguistic plays and incongruity/comparison are the most widely used methods.

Positive psychology, which comes from Martin Seligman's ideas and viewpoints in 1990, gives a new methodology in psychology, which claims the new paradime in psychology area. This methodology emphasizes on positive dimensions of human life such as happiness, optimism and hope and also tries to clarify and identify the human capabilities into six groups: wisdom and knowledgability, braveness, humanity, justice seeking, balance, and ultimateness with 24 capabilities titled, ubiquitous gratefulnesses which we can view all these parameters by lovely examples in QaboosNameh clearly, because self-awareness and providing proper solutions for understanding positive manners and achieving felicity and original happiness, is one of the old wish of the pioneers such as Onsor al Ma'ali. By this viewpoint he is considered as a responsible, behaviorist, and positivist thinker who is blessed by rich Iranian culture and its moral and positive intelligence, to provide these gratefulnesses and positive capabilities, which consist of a vast part of his self experience, honestfully, humbled, free-willingly for his legacy and other knowledge seekers.The achievements of the supervisor projects reveals that these positive wisdom and knowledge by 46.34 percent, balance by 48.30 percent, perfection by 68.7 percent, braveness by 97.5, justice seeking by 36.5, mercifulness and patient by 14.4 percent are in a row from most to least frequent.

Persian and Russian socialist realist literary works can be comparatively studied for their differences in language as well as the historical encounter between literatures of the two countries. The goal of this paper is to draw on the French school of comparative literature to study the influence of the Russian socialist realism on Persian literature with a focus on four famous Persian and Russian novels, that is, Maxim Gorki's Mother (1906), Nikolai Ostrovsky's How the Steel Was Tempered (1936), Bozorg Alavi's Her Eyes (1952) and Ahmad Mahmoud's Neighbors (1974). According to the results, the most important elements of socialist realism in the two Persian novels are: attention to the masses and the rise of the lower class, partisanship, typification, metamorphosis of the characters and apostasy, elements that did not exist in Persian novels before the emergence of Tudeh Party of Iran and the familiarity of Iranian writers with leftist ideas.

The theory of imagination has a special position in philosophy and theoretical mysticism (Sufisms). Ibn Arabi is one of greatest theoretician in the field of imagination. In his words, Imagination is, in a sense, everything except God and His manifestation, but in human being imagination is a kind of perception that gathers between tangible forms and abstract meanings. Human is the successor of the creative God and can use his imagination to create scientific, literary, and artistic creations, and can be the source of perfection. The most important purpose of the paper is to emphasize the role of the creative imagination in wandering human’s identity, in order to escape from the crisis of identity and to achieve its true status. Rumi's poetry in Divan Shams is one of the hallmarks of the creative imagination in mystical literature. In this study, Ibn Arabi’s and Rumi's common views on the theory of God in the creation have been compiled and analyzed using a comparative-analytic approach.