احمد فرهانی

One of the effects of the industrialization of human societies is the increasing use of motor vehicles by humans, which, despite the fact that human life has been facilitated, has led to many incidents involving a lot of financial and human damages, in which the above-mentioned incidents and methods of compensation for financial and physical damage Entry into the victims of these incidents is one of the major issues of civil responsibility in the current world, and these events do not only create problems for the people of the community, but also increase the social responsibilities of the state and the public nongovernmental institutions, and this is a fundamental research carried out by the library method. Try to find out That the responsibility of the Road Safety Counselors, which includes the Ministry of Road and Urban Affairs outside the city and the municipality of the city as well as the traffic police, in some cases that are responsible for the safety of the road, are to be reviewed and, ultimately, we state that the basis The responsibility of these institutions can be justified by any civil liability theory. Regarding the general rules of civil liability and the theory of the "assumption of priority of the servant on the state" and in accordance with Note 3 of Article 14 of the Law on driving offenses adopted in 2010, the responsibility of safety carriers is based on the theory of fault and cannot be caught by reference to Note 3 Article 14 of the Law on Driving Misconduct came to the strict liability theory as well as the liability of the insurance companies and the fund for damages in Article 16 of the new third-party insurance law in relation to road safety officials with the group guarantee theory because the insurer in the compulsory insurance law A third party is seeking a mechanism to expedite redress is seen.

Civil liability arising from vehicle accidents in the light of the new Compulsory Insurance Act adopted in 2016. Civil responsibility, as one of the most widely used branches of Law, has emerged from the beginning that people gathering together, and after the determining of the importance of compensating for the loss suffered by people due to the expansion of social interactions, it was formed. One of the main subcategories of this topic is civil liability in accidents caused by vehicle accidents. In this article, after an overview of civil liability of vehicles in general, specialized in civil liability due to the collision of "ground motor vehicles" has been investigated. There are many articles about civic accountability from driving accidents, but it seems that none of them has come up with a comprehensive overview of existing laws. This article attempts to clarify the angles and ambiguities in this topic, in light of the history and approval process of civil liability laws driving accidents. It is natural that the answer to all our questions is not found in the rules of the law, and in order to address the details of the subject, it should inevitably follow the principles and rules of law and jurisprudence. The final goal of this paper is to determine the scope of civil liability caused by accidents on the basis of the responsible person and the type of damages to be compensated, to clarify the practical direction and how to refer to the rules and to eliminate the confusion caused by the multiplicity of rules, especially in the judicial authorities.

In recent years Many companies and government agencies Have been transferred to the Non-governmental. As a result of this transfer, Legal system governing these institutions and personnel In terms of employment and workforce Also has changed. Assigned institutions are not Public institutions And their employees are covered by the government, private sector, including labor law and social security system. Nevertheless In some cases There is no single, unified legal system. Among Legal system governing retirement(Early retirement and Timely) Employees transferre Under Article 44 of the constitution Pre- and post-transfer. Also The regulations relating to Change Pension Fund of The staff Has legal uncertainties. This article While studying Relevant legal provisions And identify ambiguities and contradictions in our legislative system, The current legal order In this regard Clear and transparent manner Expressed.

Regarding the role of automobiles in today's life and the increasing rate of accidents, liability due to traffic accidents has turned to become one of the most important issues in the related civil liability. Hence, law makers in many countries have attempted to ratify rules and regulations to clarify best the liability resulting from traffic accidents. The law of civil liability insurance of vehicle holders against the third party which suffered from lack of social, legal, and economic attentions was corrected and reviewed in 2008 which can be considered a great step forward.The present study tries to elaborate on different aspects of the law and the role of police in it.

In accordance with the article 336 of Islamic criminal law, in the case of collision of two vehicles, both sides are responsible and there is no difference whether both are guilty or both are not. However, it has been mentioned that if one of the drivers is guilty, only that driver is considered responsible.Unfortunately, few lawyers misinterpret this article and claim that in any collision, in which one driver is guilty and the other is not, both sides are considered responsible.In this article, it is tried to represent a correct interpretation of the mentioned article based on judicial explanations.

This article investigates the DAN data bases in Iran police organization and its legal limitations based on citizenship rights requirements. The purpose of the present article is to propose a model in which the least limitation may be created due to utilizing DNA data bases in detecting crime and criminals. Some issues such as DNA data bases around the globe, different perspectives of citizenship rights, law of privacy during criminal investigation are discussed in the article. The results show that there are three main approaches in founding DNA data bases which police can utilize in order to observe the rights of the citizens.