احمد پوراحمد

Healthy housing, as one of the fundamental human needs, plays a crucial role in ensuring physical and mental well-being. In Iran, despite the importance of this issue, research related to healthy housing has not received adequate attention, and existing studies have faced challenges in defining the concept of healthy housing. This study employs a meta-analytic approach to comprehensively review and analyze the research conducted on healthy housing in Iran, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these studies and the main trends and challenges. The ultimate goal of this research is to provide a comprehensive and precise overview of the state of research on healthy housing in Iran, which can assist policymakers and researchers in making informed decisions and improving housing quality and public health.

This study is categorized as an applied, interpretive research with a qualitative approach and content analysis methodology, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of research conducted in healthy housing. Data collection was carried out through documentary methods and based on text sources.Meta-analysis, a powerful tool for synthesizing knowledge within a research domain, involves several stages, including sample selection, extraction and synthesis of themes, and evaluation of research quality. To identify relevant studies, searches were conducted in academic databases such as IranDoc, Google Scholar, Magiran, and Elmnet using the keywords “housing”, “healthy city”, and “healthy housing”, resulting in the identification of 147 scholarly documents, including theses and research articles. After excluding duplicate (60 cases) and irrelevant studies (36 cases), 50 studies were screened; ultimately, 12 sources were selected for final analysis.

To evaluate the studies conducted in the field of healthy housing, all 12 identified scientific documents up to the time of writing this research were examined in terms of type, publication period, and publication location. These studies included theses, scientific-research articles, and scientific-specialized articles. Six of these studies were university theses from universities such as Yazd, Guilan, Mohaghegh Ardabili, Shahid Beheshti, and Iran University of Science and Technology. The articles published in scientific research and scientific-specialized journals included only a few articles in this domain. Despite the importance of the topic, healthy housing studies in Iran have not received sufficient attention from domestic researchers.The review showed that the earliest studies on healthy housing began in the late 2000s and continued until 2023. However, there has been a declining trend since 2017. These studies have primarily focused on the cities of Ardabil, Mashhad, Daran, Yazd, Tehran, Zabol, Babol, Nazarabad, and Eslamshahr. From a methodological perspective, all studies followed a descriptive-analytical model and lacked methodological diversity. This limitation has resulted in the absence of content analysis and systematic review, thus not providing a deep and comprehensive understanding of the subject of healthy housing. Additionally, data collection tools were mostly limited to documentary-library methods, with less attention given to questionnaires, observations, interviews, and focus groups. Findings indicate that 25% of the studies calculated the reliability of their measurement tools. However, the failure to calculate reliability in the remaining studies has led to issues such as inaccurate measurements and unreliable results. Furthermore, seven out of the twelve reviewed studies had a conceptual model. The lack of a conceptual framework can reduce the accuracy of findings and lead to their misinterpretation. The dimensions of healthy housing examined included physical-structural, social, economic, environmental, demographic, and quality-of-life aspects. These dimensions refer to the tangible and structural features of housing, economic impacts, social interactions, environmental conditions, and suitability for different demographic needs. While the studies conducted in this field have focused more on key dimensions, due to the lack of a coherent theoretical framework and reliance on researcher-made questionnaires, all various dimensions of healthy housing have not been fully covered.

This study provides an in-depth analysis of the research status regarding healthy housing in Iran, critically examining both the strengths and weaknesses present. A prominent issue addressed by this research is the significant disparities in the conceptualization of healthy housing within domestic studies. The findings reveal that despite the importance of this topic, research in Iran has not adequately and comprehensively addressed various dimensions of healthy housing. These shortcomings are particularly attributed to the prevailing policies in the housing sector and the emphasis on quantity over quality in policy and program formulation. In other words, the insufficient focus on the quality of housing and its theoretical aspects indicates a profound gap between the actual needs of society and the research focus, which fails to effectively support the improvement of housing quality and public health. Methodologically, the examination of the 12 available scholarly documents, including student theses and research articles, reveals significant limitations. These limitations include the lack of coherent theoretical frameworks and the predominant reliance on researcher-developed questionnaires, which, in turn, have diminished the validity and comprehensiveness of the research findings. Additionally, the limited use of content analysis and systematic review methods, especially in existing research, highlights a lack of diversity and depth in the methodologies employed. These issues indicate the need for a reevaluation of research methods and the adoption of stronger theoretical frameworks and standard tools to enhance the quality of studies and policymaking related to healthy housing.

This study examines the state of research on healthy housing in Iran, analyzing both the strengths and weaknesses of existing studies. The findings reveal significant disparities in addressing the concept of healthy housing within domestic research, suggesting that prevailing housing policies and a greater focus on quantity rather than quality have exacerbated this situation. By analyzing 12 scholarly documents, including theses and research articles, this study explores various dimensions of healthy housing and identifies methodological limitations and a lack of diversity in research approaches. These limitations include the absence of a cohesive theoretical framework and an over-reliance on researcher-developed questionnaires. Additionally, the status of housing indicators in Iranian cities has been reported as generally unfavorable. The study underscores the need to address fundamental gaps and deficiencies in healthy housing research and emphasizes the importance of improving methodological rigor and evidence-based policymaking.

The city development strategy(CDS) is a novel initiative that is currently being implemented in numerous cities worldwide, including several in Iran. Its primary objectives are to enhance the quality of life, combat poverty, promote sustainable development, and foster effective urban management through a participatory approach. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the perceptions of residents and municipal administrators regarding various aspects of the urban development plan. This study is characterized as descriptive-analytical. The statistical population comprises managers, employees of urban management, and citizens in Yasouj city. The sample size was estimated to be 384 for citizens and 30 for managers using Cochran's method. One-sample t-test, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze sample data. The findings of the study reveal that while municipal administrators are generally content with the current state of these dimensions, residents believe that these elements of the urban development plan are not satisfactory. The descriptive statistics and the t-test demonstrate that the overall mean of the urban development plan dimensions is 1.88 from the people's perspective and 2.98 from the viewpoint of urban administrators. Furthermore, the level of satisfaction with the research's dimensions significantly differs between the two groups. The linear regression analysis indicates that, according to the people's perspective, the dimensions of bankability and the ability to live comfortably hold the highest and lowest significance, with coefficients of 0.413 and 0.167, respectively. However, from the perspective of city managers, the dimensions of livability and good governance are the most and least significant, with coefficients of 0.373 and 0.112, respectively. Ultimately, the findings of this study can assist urban managers in making more informed decisions and delivering services that better align with the needs of the community.

Increasing urbanization has brought various consequences for cities, which has become the basis for many social and economic difficulties and damages. Therefore, due to these harmful consequences, for years, policy makers and managers at the macro level and in the city scale; They seek to find healing strategies. In this regard, among the most important strategies based on the impressive capabilities of information and communication technology, in order to create a productive and effective city; and it has been proposed to solve the problems of cities in the world; It is a "smart city"; And in this framework, they have tried to build a platform, including in building the institutional capacity of such cities The main goal of the present research is to identify the basic components affecting the institutional capacity in order to realize a smart city; and evaluating the current situation of Ahvaz metropolis from the perspective of these components. This research is question-oriented, which was carried out by following an exploratory method in answering the research questions. The statistical population of the study was experts working in offices and companies of Ahvaz city whose organization was involved in the process of smartening this city; Or will be. The statistical sample of the research was 380 people, and the samples were selected by snowball and supervised network sampling. Since the exact number of the statistical population was not known, the KMO test, sampling adequacy and Rasko's rules were confirmed. The research tool was a five-point Likert electronic questionnaire, whose items were designed based on 29 components extracted from 114 scientific documents and valid research.The extracted data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and one-sample t-test and Friedman statistical tests.Based on the research results, respectively, the components of superior institutions, the use of information and communication technology in improving environmental quality, smart governance, the use of information and communication technology in economics and business, the power of organizational actors; And institutional readiness is in poor condition. In the meantime, the government and the oil institutions are of strategic importance.

Introduction :

In recent years, urban regeneration has become a vital strategy for addressing the challenges many cities face, particularly in rapid urbanization and the need for sustainable development. Research in future studies related to the regeneration of urban core areas, primarily through the smart city approach, explores innovative solutions for revitalizing the urban core of megacities like Tehran. The concept of future studies involves systematically forecasting future trends and challenges, enabling urban planners and decision-makers to contemplate potential developments and design effective strategies. In Tehran, the urban core is characterized by a blend of historical significance and modern challenges, including traffic congestion, inadequate infrastructure, and social inequalities. By employing future studies methodologies, stakeholders can identify key factors of change and emerging needs within the population. The smart city approach integrates technology and data analytics into urban planning, making urban resource management more responsive and efficient. This approach focuses on enhancing the quality of life for residents through improved services, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability. Implementing smart technologies in Tehran could significantly contribute to the regeneration of its urban core. Furthermore, analyzing urban regeneration through the lens of future studies and innovative city principles underscores the importance of community engagement and participatory planning. Involving local communities in the decision-making process ensures that developed solutions not only address technical challenges but also align with the needs and aspirations of citizens. Ultimately, implementing a futures-oriented smart city approach can lead to a more sustainable and resilient urban core in Tehran, fostering economic growth, social cohesion, and an improved quality of life for its residents.

This study aims to provide scientific and practical solutions for the transformation and advancement of smart cities and their positive impact on urban regeneration in Iran. The research is designed as a developmental and applied study, divided into two key phases: cognitive and exploratory. In the cognitive phase, researchers collected data from various sources. To this end, diverse methods were employed, including literature reviews, document analysis, surveys, and expert interviews. In this phase, qualitative data were initially gathered through open-ended questionnaires and interviews. Additionally, quantitative data were compiled numerically using a weighting method based on Delphi questionnaires. The Delphi panel consisted of 29 members who were purposefully selected to participate. The goal of analyzing the collected information is to identify perspectives and critical points that influence developments related to smart regeneration using a meta-synthesis approach. A systematic review of the relevant literature defined and analyzed six main dimensions: physical and accessibility, functional, environmental, livability, economic, and social/cultural. Subsequently, 33 components and 107 indicators were extracted as critical criteria. These indicators were then presented to the Delphi group, where members were asked to rate each indicator and identify potential factors that could negatively affect the achievement of regeneration goals. In the exploratory phase, the focus is on understanding the opinions and viewpoints of stakeholders as a crucial factor. In this regard, efforts have been made to identify key drivers that influence the success or failure of the regeneration process by summarizing data and employing a systems approach and environmental analysis. Possible future scenarios have been examined and analyzed to facilitate optimal planning and strategic decision-making aimed at improving the current state of cities and enhancing the quality of life for citizens.

In the first step, six dimensions, 33 components, and 107 indicators were extracted using the meta-synthesis method. In the exploratory phase, key drivers were identified to identify influential factors and utilize a systems approach along with environmental scanning. By outlining the current situation, potential future scenarios were recognized and analyzed. The results of the Delphi analysis indicate that smart regeneration will have a greater impact on the transformations and spatial reconstruction of Tehran’s urban core in the following dimensions: functional (0.3456), physical and accessibility (0.2345), social/cultural (0.1789), economic (0.1234), environmental (0.0678), and finally livability (0.0498). According to the research approach, the central area of Tehran can be divided into several discernible sub-areas. This division aims to define dominant and comprehensible sub-areas to provide smaller-scale and more accessible plans for each area based on the smart city approach while ensuring a balance among these components of the central region. Clarifying and identifying these areas within the old and central city will reveal excesses and deficiencies in each area, which can lead to potential assessment and future studies regarding the application of smart city principles. In the central area of Tehran, the following sub-areas can be distinguished:1. Economic Area: This region is characterized by predominant commercial activities and a concentration of wholesale and retail shops.2. Cultural-Educational Area: This area is associated with predominant cultural and tourism activities, which are currently facing degradation and disorder.3. Residential Area: This now occupies only a small portion of these regions, where displacement and evacuation have contributed to unhealthy urban living conditions.4. Administrative-Service Area: This area is currently more prominent due to its concentration of publishing houses, print shops, institutions, banks, hospitality services, etc.An initial assessment of the spatial structure of the urban core indicates that urban construction and fabric are severely affected by deterioration, imbalance, inappropriate land use distribution, and fragmentation in the morphological structure. These issues particularly include inefficient spatial division of labor. According to the results, five key drivers will be crucial: designing flexible and modular systems; interpreting aesthetics and utilizing visual culture in event-driven regeneration; blending elements and regeneration processes with the surrounding environment; ensuring flexibility in functionality; and designing smart places. These factors will be elaborated upon based on a matrix that includes project staff participation, areas of responsibility, research and development, technical support, research management, resource allocation, and management. The overarching perspective of this research posits that the central fabric of Tehran (as functional-spatial cores) reproduces four special functions of a smart city and is moving towards greater intelligence: 1) development of commercial centers and malls; 2) development of specialized technology services; 3) development of supportive services, knowledge-based companies, and startups; and 4) transition from historical fabric to cultural-functional fabric.

Studies show that existing urban planning methods have been unable to address the issues of the historical fabric of Tehran, necessitating a new approach. The spatial and functional structure of central Tehran initially had a specific order, shaped by its natural and socio-economic characteristics. However, with historical changes and the emergence of modernism, this structure has undergone significant alterations and has become heterogeneous. The physical-spatial expansion, disproportionate distribution of land uses, and imbalanced population settlement have led to the emergence of inefficient urban fabrics. These areas, including historical and intermediate fabrics, suffer from low quality of life and face challenges such as inadequate housing, incompatible land uses, lack of green spaces, and insufficient infrastructure. If these problems are not addressed, they may escalate into larger issues in the future. Many urban regeneration approaches designed to organize inefficient areas have failed due to their one-dimensional perspective and lack of attention to human structures. The concept of smart regeneration has emerged as a comprehensive approach encompassing economic, environmental, cultural, and social dimensions. This approach can facilitate the process of addressing urban issues and ensure quality of life standards for both present and future generations. The management of regeneration in central locations should be structured to attract innovative ideas and systems that enhance social activities. Ultimately, the implementation of smart regeneration projects in the central fabric of Tehran requires collaboration between the government, the private sector, and civil society. Utilizing modern technologies and encouraging public participation can be key to the success of this process and ensure an improvement in residents’ quality of life. Establishing effective communication among citizens and creating suitable spaces for living and working can foster positive and sustainable transformations in the central fabric of Tehran.

In today's urbanized world, the value of housing, influenced by its location and amenities, can reflect the level and quality of residents' lives. This research investigates the satisfaction level of residents in Tehran's District 10 regarding their quality of life, considering locational factors and housing value. A variety of statistical methods were used to assess the quality of life. Results indicate that the quality of life in the district is unsatisfactory, and residents have a low level of satisfaction. Security, educational facilities, accessibility, vitality, transportation, and economic status significantly influence residents' quality of life. Moreover, the location of a dwelling, rather than the dwelling itself, plays a more crucial role in determining quality of life. Economic variables, including residents' income and living expenses, were identified as the most influential factors affecting urban quality of life. Physical and environmental factors and identity followed in terms of importance. This study concludes that to improve the quality of life in densely populated urban areas, targeted interventions should focus on enhancing economic conditions and implementing physical improvements. Additionally, while housing value is a significant factor, it is essential to consider locational factors when developing urban development strategies to improve residents' well-being.

Tourism activity is a global industry, and thus it is exposed to global risks. Covid-19 and tourism are intricately connected. Tourists were among those who suffered the most damage in the initial stages of the disease outbreak. They became carriers of this disease and eventually became victims of travel and tourism. In the 21st century, the two driving factors for change in the tourism industry are climate change and global health emergencies. Urgent attention to this event and the future of travel and tourism is necessary in a world where disease outbreaks and epidemics are increasingly being considered due to increased travel and ease of access to destinations worldwide. Concerning practical purpose, the present research has been carried out using the survey method at the exploratory level based on the future research approach. In this research, using the Delphi method and the participation of 34 experts, the results were analyzed in the Mic Mac software environment. Then these factors were determined based on the degree of importance and uncertainty, prioritization, and the most critical factors to identify the drivers. A key from the software (Mic Mac) is used. The results show that ten variables were identified as vital drivers among the 36 effective variables discovered in the future state of Shiraz tourism. The results indicate that the key driver of the non-publication of the statistics on the incidence of covid-19 with a score of 92 has the highest impact factor on other variables. Also, the lack of a single plan to deal with this crisis is the municipality's cooperation to monitor health more. Public places and spaces were identified in the agenda of the development of healthy city policies as other key drivers of tourism and obstacles to improving the tourism situation during the occurrence of infectious diseases in Shiraz metropolis.

This study investigates strategies for developing a resilient housing model to address future pandemics, specifically focusing on District 3 of Sanandaj, Iran. The primary objective is identifying and formulating strategies that enhance housing characteristics and improve preparedness for health crises. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative data, and utilizes a descriptive-analytical methodology for comprehensive analysis. The study targets experts in land and housing planning from District 3. The findings underscore the urgent need for effective strategies to establish a robust housing model capable of responding to future health crises. SWOT and QSPM analyses indicate that achieving this goal necessitates comprehensive and coordinated planning, encouragement of private sector investment, and enhancement of supervisory systems and decision-making readiness. It is crucial to build on existing strengths, leverage opportunities, and address weaknesses and threats, particularly within supervisory and executive frameworks. The proposed strategies aim to improve the quality of life and public health by fostering the development of more resilient housing solutions. Additionally, these strategies seek to enhance transparency and efficiency in decision-making processes and to cultivate greater public trust in supervisory systems. Implementing these measures will facilitate the successful attainment of developmental and strategic goals in the housing sector, engagement in strengthening the response to future pandemics, and enhancing overall community well-being.

The spatial structure of urban regions has mainly been shaped by the progress in transportation and communication, and structural and transportation policies have been exerted in the development of metropolitan areas. The expansion of the suburban rail network impacts suburban urbanization and the change of residential locations. It changes the density and social and economic characteristics in the peripheral cities. The present research is descriptive-analytical, and its nature is practical. The information collection was a library, and with a morphological approach, it investigated the effects of the intercity rail network on the characteristics of the spatial organization of the population living around Karaj stations. This research analyzed 6190 census blocks (1996 and 2016) through Pearson correlation and kernel density in ArcMap software. The research results show that various demographic, social, and economic indicators strongly correlate with the distance from the railway network stations, and the kernel density of the above indicators also emphasizes the spatial proximity of the densities to the railway stations. By using the results of the research, it is possible to control the spatial organization of the population at the level of the metropolitan regions of Tehran and its post-suburban development, and by linking the cities and even the peripheral metropolises to Tehran, the pattern of migration and urbanization can be guided.

The integrated approach of spatial-regional development should be accompanied by the synergy of different spatial levels on the one hand and the interactions and linkages of different sectors in a systemic framework. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of national and regional development plans and programs on the integrated development of Guilan province. For this purpose, through a three-step process (using documentary methods and collecting primary and secondary sources and documents; using content analysis methods, grounded theory and finally using individual interviews and active and maximum participation of experts at the national level). And regional and Delphi technique) to rank the damages calculated during the above three steps and analyze the results of the ranking tables. The results of the present study show that political pressures to implement plans and projects without economic and technical justifications (regional influential forces, stakeholders and stakeholders) with an average of 4.6, the most important national damage affecting the integrated development of the province and "minimal participation of regional representatives." "Less developed" with an average of 3.5 was the least significant damage in the eyes of national experts. Also, among the regional harms affecting the integrated development of Guilan province, the harms of "conceptual challenge and confusion and trial and error in introducing the level of the region" and "disregard for new methods of regional development and lack of appropriate grounds for sentencing" Regional management "with an average of 5 jointly as the most important and damage" The long-standing superiority of the tradition of planning and management and vertical management on regional, horizontal, cross-sectoral management at the regional level "with a high difference and an average of 1.7 least significant damage Experts have been at this level.

Nowadays the cities of developing countries have become concentrated places of poverty and the spatial Focus of this focus is mostly on the periphery of cities. A series of factors including a Severe shortage of urban services and the lack of appropriate access to meet the dependent needs, residents’ economic weakness and inability to respond to other than those of daily living has led to the accumulation of needs, especially the needs of leisure and lack of facilities in the Varamin City. Accordingly, the present study aims to measure the spatial distribution of poverty zones to spatially identify the dimensions of poverty to better manage and organize them. The method of the present research is analytical-quantitative and of applied type. The factor analysis model in the GIS environment has been used for spatial zoning of urban poverty in Varamin. The results of the research indicate that out of a total of 1366 blocks of Varamin city, 46 blocks equivalent to 3.4% are very rich, 264 blocks equivalent to 19.3% are rich, 466 blocks equivalent to 34.1% are average, 394 blocks equivalent to 28.8% are poor and 196 blocks equivalent to 14.3% are very poor. In addition, poverty spatial visualization is consistent with worn-out, disorganized, inefficient, marginal, and informal textures. The highest levels of urban poverty in Varamin City are located in the neighborhood such as Kheirabad, Amroabad, Kohne Gel, Sakina Bano, Kharkaneh Gand, Kashani, Goltapeh Shahrak, Central area or Akhavan Kazmabad including Fakouri  Shahid Street, Chamran Shahid Street, Roghankeshi square, Namjoo and silo Street.

Urbanization, which began in simple, centralized societies that were primarily reflections of different social forces, has led to significant environmental changes in cities, especially with the increase in urban population, which has led to the collapse of the urban services distribution system and the unequal distribution of citizens using urban services. The current study aims to evaluate the distribution of urban services in Yasouj city from the perspective of spatial justice and to identify the root causes of imbalances and inequalities to offer a suitable solution. This is because the issue of spatial justice is crucial to the distribution of urban services. This article used a descriptive-Causal research method. The distribution pattern of urban services was determined using the Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) and network analysis index, and the contributing elements in the imbalance of urban services were determined using the Delphi technique. The relationship between the variables, their level of influence, the prioritization of each variable, and eventually the relevant measures to lessen the imbalance of urban services was determined after the elements in the MICMAC program were found. The results collected demonstrate the cluster distribution of urban services as well as the centralized, unprincipled, and ineffective distribution of these services at the level of Yasouj city's regions and districts. The analysis's findings also indicated that the unequal distribution of urban services in Yasouj city is mostly caused by permissive rules and regulations, high economic rents, and intense owner pressure. Finally, under the findings, suggestions for establishing spatial justice in the city of Yasouj and a fair allocation of services were made.

History has repeatedly shown that social inequality ends up weakening the strongest democracies. Currently, there are regional imbalances, air pollution in big cities and excessive destruction of the environment, changes in land use, increase in crimes and anomalies, the vulnerability of the security of marginal areas and economic and social inequalities, existing inequalities on the level Livelihoods in different regions and the separation of cities and villages, the concentration of capital in an unbalanced way in regions and big cities, etc., are currently more than ever, which indicates many problems that have arisen in the functioning of the planning system and the system. It has challenged spatial planning. This article analyzes the shortcomings of the spatial planning system in Iran. The current research is based on the purpose of basic and applied research and in terms of the exploratory method. The findings of the research indicate the classification of 117 inefficiencies in 3 categories: structural-functional inefficiencies, epistemological inefficiencies, and operational inefficiencies. Among the shortcomings of epistemology, there is a mistake in understanding the basic concepts of spatial planning; lack of accurate knowledge of the land's context and genome; Weakness in the use of collective wisdom, consensus and dialectics have been emphasized more and were the most repeated according to the interviewees. Among the structural-functional inadequacies, not having the power and proper position to prepare the land; The political and sectoral structure of planning versus the trans-sectoral aim; The priority of political considerations and personal interest instead of practical considerations is the most repeated and among the shortcomings of the operational dimension, the lack of monitoring, evaluation and accountability; lack of technical and human expertise based on spatial planning; According to the interviewees, the weakness in cooperation and dialogue between the executive bodies and the academic community has been the most frequent.

Floods as one of the natural hazards can cause much damage to cities and communities. Khorramabad city is also one of the cities exposed to this danger. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze the resilience scenarios of Khorramabad City against flood risk to provide solutions for the future. This research is practical and descriptive-analytical, and exploratory. The research data collection is based on the Delphi technique. A sample size of 44 people was determined to identify the key drivers, a sample size of 10 people was determined to develop scenarios, and the sampling method was a snowball. In this research, the key driver in the field of flood resilience of Khorramabad city was extracted using Mic Mac software, the descriptors were analyzed using Scenario Wizard, and the consistency value of flood resilience scenarios of Khorramabad city was determined. 10 key drivers and 36 possible situations were determined using the opinion of experts and the output of Mic Mac software for the future resilience of Khorramabad city against floods, and the matrix questionnaire of mutual effects was designed and sent to the experts. The results of the scenario wizard software showed that the key factors of institutions' performance, communication capacity, governance, internet infrastructure, and construction boom in the scenarios have the most adaptive value in the future resilience of Khorramabad city against floods

The rapid growth of the urban population and its increasing concentration in metropolitan areas is one of the most obvious developments in the settlements of contemporary Iran. Spatio-temporal population movements have led to complex changes in land cover patterns. This article aims to investigate and analyze the spatial-temporal changes in the urban population and the resulting land cover patterns in the last few decades in the metropolitan area of Isfahan. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, and by using the analysis of census data and statistics of urban blocks, as well as the method of classification of Landsat satellite images, it has been done. The findings of the research show that during recent decades, the absolute increase of the urban population has reached the area of 35 km to the area of 25 km of Isfahan city. The results show that the spatial-temporal movement of the urban population in the Isfahan metropolitan area is in the stage of centralization and extensive development. According to the spatio-temporal movement of the urban population, the land cover pattern has also undergone extensive changes. The most important pattern of urban growth resulting from demographic changes in the metropolitan area of Isfahan indicates that the semi-centralized pattern of this region in the 1981s turned into a centralized pattern and was pushed in the 2011s.

After the three eras of agriculture, industry and information, the sky of the virtual age over the heads of humans has covered the vast umbrella of human geography in every corner of the boundless earth. The fourth technological revolution is a reality that has and will affect all city and urban structures in the world. In this regard, "crypto cities" and "metaverse cities" are two technological phenomena affected by this revolution and based on technologies such as blockchain, cryptocurrency, etc., which have attracted attention in the advanced world, and even in this direction, measures have been initiated. According to the twenty-year vision of Iran's development, which aims to gain the first place in the region for the country, and in line with the country's development laws, which includes the urban economy and the development of technologies required for urban management along with the knowledge economy this axis is emphasized in Iran. Also, based on the horizon of the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress as an upstream document, in 1450 AH, Iran should be among the five leading countries in the world in the production of thought and technology, and from a knowledge-based and self-based economy based on rationality, justice and Islamic spirituality and one of the ten largest economic powers in the world; Therefore, logically- by designing such a vision- one cannot ignore the phenomenon of the fourth technological wave and its manifestations, i.e. crypto cities and metaverse cities that are rising. But the problem of this research is that until now, due to the importance of metaverse cities in the future of the country, this phenomenon has not been addressed from different points of views. Therefore, it is clear that there is a significant gap in the research done inside the country. This research, due to the importance of the topic, aimed to answer the following questions: what are the consequences of moving towards the metaverse cities for Iran? what issues should be taken into consideration in the planning of the future metaverse cities of Iran? what are the causal conditions that justify the establishment of Metaverse cities in Iran? what strategies and solutions (measures) are necessary for the purpose of guiding and measures for the future metaverse cities of the country?Also, the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress is considered as an upstream document; Therefore, as a rule and logically, it has a very high influence in the future metaverse cities of the country. Therefore, other question is that: what points can be obtained from the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress in relation to the measures for the proper management of the future metaverse cities of the country?

Methology:

This article is fundamental. It is question-oriented and it is done in document and library method. Also, it is qualitative research, which is exploratory through the qualitative content analysis method, and it is done in the framework of the grounded theory method. The statistical sample of the research includes a range of documents and scientific studies related to the central topic of the research which used the available sampling method.

Based on research findings, metaverse cities will have consequences for the country. In this connection, in the case of proper management and appropriate measures, this wave will have more positive consequences than negative consequences. Also, in terms of intervening conditions, culture and cultural policies, especially in the field of virtual space, the culture of Technology acceptance, the dominant philosophy of Technology policy (technorealism, neoladism, and techno-utopianism), the state of establishment of the fourth technological wave paradigm, and the state of establishment of the participation-oriented paradigm, sustainable development, knowledge-based development and strengthening the city's integrity are considered non-technical intervention conditions. In relation to technical categories, the state of information and communication Technology components including infrastructure (computers, transmission networks, internet, etc.), application software, manpower and Technology management in the framework of indicators such as processing, bandwidth, user experience, connectivity, e-commerce, programming languages, network and computer architecture and storage resources, based on research findings, as intervening conditions in the establishment of metaverse cities in Iran are discussed. Background conditions are special conditions that affect strategies and solutions. These are a combination of technical conditions, jurisprudential bases, legal bases and monetary policies. In connection with the technical conditions, we can refer to the 8 enablers of metaverse Technology including: network, edge/cloud, artificial intelligence, computer vision, blockchain, internet of things and robotics, user interaction and augmented reality and 6 pillars of the metaverse ecosystem including: avatar, content production , virtual economy, social acceptance, security and privacy, and trust and responsibility centered on the 4 basic components of blockchain metaverse cities, virtual currency, exchangeable token and social interactions (social networks). Besides these conditions, jurisprudential bases, legal bases and monetary and currency policies of the country - based on research findings - are the background conditions that should be considered in strategies and solutions. Causal conditions also specify the categories that are related to the conditions for creating the central category. Based on research findings, integration in policy making, legislation, planning, implementation and monitoring, in other words integrated management and measures are the most important causal conditions in this field. According to the contextual, intervening categories, as well as the consequences and disadvantages of metaverse cities (in case of inappropriate management and measures) were raised. Strategies and solutions in line with appropriate management and measures of metaverse cities can be divided into two categories: technical and non-technical.

Based on the results of the research, considering the conditions mentioned in the research, including integration in policy making, legislation, planning, implementation and monitoring, it is possible to achieve metaverse cities in the country with social, economic, cultural and environmental low consequences. Also, in the Iranian Islamic Model of Progress document, three paragraphs in the measures section are dedicated to virtual space; In total, the following points, based on the results of the research, were used in order to take advantage of the measures in order to achieve the worthy leadership of the country's future in addition to the above-mentioned points: 1) accepted metaverse city; It is a healthy, useful, safe and ethical space based on Iranian Islamic values, culture and identity, and is a fair space in which justice has been observed in exploiting the virtual opportunity;2) The future metaverse cities of the country should be in line with promoting local knowledge, developing the country, providing security and increasing the resilience of infrastructure; this matter will be done with public participation and international cooperation;3) Metaverse city can be a platform for promoting creative and cultural industries in accordance with the national and local capabilities of Iran in which norming, promotion and expansion of Islamic culture and values ​​of Iran has been done considering the demand of the regional and global audience.

Regional planning as an interesting and very important topic in the planning system of many countries around the world, is in the middle position of the planning hierarchy; It may sometimes be placed in a wrong position, which is often created under the pressure of powerful national and local elements of the planning system. In this way, its position is sometimes declining and sometimes growing. But what has drawn attention over time is the enduring nature and existential nature of this issue, which, like many other issues require this level of intervention. Therefore, it is believed that due to the increasing problems and challenges of today's society, there is a greater need for regional planning. Based on the studies done, balanced and sustainable development has been one of the main goals of the country for a long time. So that, with fluctuations, attention has been given to the category of "regional development" in the policies and development planning before and after the Islamic revolution, and in a sense, they have been among the components that the analysis of their effects on the face of the national system is very important at the level of micro-lawyers.

The research method is descriptive-analytic, and library resources such as first-class sources, case-oriented articles and researches, and documents and documents available in the program and budget organization are used; Specifically, inferential methodology should be used to understand and explain the place of "regional planning and development" in the development programs before and after the revolution, and the possibility of comparison between them should be provided.

What has attracted attention over time is the enduring nature and existential nature of this issue, which, like many other issues, requires this level of intervention. Therefore, it is believed that due to the increasing problems and challenges of today's society, there is a greater need for regional planning. Also, based on the field of regional perspective in development plans, it can be said that with regard to the general missions of land development and regional development in providing spatial justice in regions and creating equal and fair opportunities, access to resources, services and development achievements for all and in line with the implementation of the general policies of resistance economy and in order to creating a balance and benefiting the regions and provinces from facilities and improving their ability and flexibility against all kinds of environmental and external threats, competitive advantages must be created in the provinces and their relative advantages should be used optimally. Since, industrial investment in less developed areas should be promoted, the links between the border territories with the interior of the country should be strengthened, and in line with the national and trans-national role determined for the regions and provinces of the country, the role of medium and small cities should be strengthened, and also the metropolises should maintain their role, but decentralizing their national policy making is vital.

It can be seen that regional planning is a matter of interest and very important in the planning system of many countries around the world, since it is in the middle position in the planning hierarchy; It may sometimes be placed in a wrong position, which is often created under the pressure of powerful national and local elements of the planning system. In this way, its position is sometimes declining and sometimes growing. But what has drawn attention over time is the enduring nature and existential nature of this issue, which like many other issues require this level of intervention. Therefore, it is believed that due to the increasing problems and challenges of today's society, there is a greater need for regional planning. As can the current research findings shows, the failure of regional development planning and the division of spatial work with intensity and weaknesses in the programs before and after the revolution, causes the increase and widening of the areas of inequality between different regions. In general, fluctuations in the concept and function of regional planning in Iran is rooted in the country's structural obstacles both before and after the revolution. The ever-increasing centralization structure and the dominance of the planning procedure from top to bottom, departmental approach in planning, ambiguity in the legal status and executive guarantee of regional planning, lack of belief in planning and lack of planning culture and planability at different levels. The country's management, the lack of necessary and desirable platforms in order to attract the participation of the people and the private sector, the lack of organization in the regional Echelon, the non-compliance of plans with the existing realities, the non-compliance of upstream documents, the dominance of the abstract aspect on the plans and the like are among the main obstacles in the way of the development of regional planning in Iran

Expanding the presence of cars in cities and the problems associated with their presence have reduced the satisfaction and quality of life of urban residents. Unfortunately, most of the passageways that form the element of urban texture are designed for car use, and paying attention to pedestrian traffic is their second priority. Lack of attention to pedestrians reduces social interactions and ultimately vitality in cities. The distance between Tajrish Square and Quds Square, which is the case study in this study, has affected the valuable elements of its surroundings due to the high traffic, while the varied construction due to the high price of land in the area and the construction of passages and Residential complexes have increasingly influenced the face of the axle. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of urban spatial elements on the pedestrian capability of the distance between Tajrish-Ghods Square to identify the most important factors affecting the Orbital capability of a single axis. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. According to different evaluations in this study, it was concluded that the comfort and Convenience index variables are the most important factors affecting the pedestrian capability of a single axis as well as a successful spatial pedestrian urban space that can be selected with high diversity, Provide comfort, convenience, and security to the residents, the body and the right form, a good mental image and a good sense of belonging and access

During the last one or two decades, with the increase in crises, the resilience of cities and regions against natural and human hazards has received particular attention. The aim of this research is the spatial analysis of the components affecting the urban resilience of the metropolis of Tehran (the political and economic capital of Iran) in the form of ecological indicators and identifying the most important factors affecting them. In this research, firstly, indicators in 7 categories include water transfer reservoirs, waste collection centers, water and wastewater treatment centers, green use and parks, brown and barren lands, fault lines, and air pollution in the GIS software environment using resilience state overlay tools. It showed the areas. The future research discussion of this article consists of two parts. In the first part, in order to create a base of existing primary factors about the components of spatial resilience, from the environmental scanning technique (examination of articles and printed sources, interviews with experts, and monitoring of conventions and conferences) and review of the literature background. In the second part, experts and elites were asked to identify the most important factors affecting the ecological resilience of the environment within the next 10 years. Finally, 18 variables were determined by Delphi, and Mic Mac software was used for data analysis. The findings showed that the spatial analysis of the resilience of Tehran city in the ecological dimension of the environment is in an unstable state by considering the effect-dependency analysis diagram. Based on the findings, the variables of fault zones and earthquake intensity, drought, establishment of production and industrial resources (power plants and industries), proximity of risk centers, soil quality, quality and quantity of water reserves, environmental pollution, threats of geomorphological origin (landslide, subsidence) and..) has the highest influencing factor on the ecological dimension of the resilience of Tehran city.

Today, societies are trying to achieve conditions that will provide them with a quick return to the pre-crisis situation in case of various accidents and damages. Therefore, in recent studies particular emphasis has been placed on resilience and the promotion of resilience against various accidents and crises has become an important and broad field, so the simultaneous and mutual movement of sustainable development and increasing resilience is currently being discussed. Urban resilience is one of the most important and key approaches that guarantee the survival of human settlements. Unfortunately, in recent years, the vulnerability of Iranian cities to unexpected incidents and accidents has increased, which has made the need for foresight in this field even more important. The ever-increasing speed of changes in the first decade of the 21st century has led to the emergence of an era called uncertainty and has placed an environment full of opportunities and threats in front of the current complex systems. In this unstable and rapidly changing environment, the traditional tools of planning will not be responsible for the medium and long term. During the last two centuries, and especially from the 20th century until now, a completely different approach has emerged in urban and regional planning, but the nature of planning, i.e. purposefulness, systematicity, and having future guidelines, remains intact. The important point is that the type of attitude and intellectual foundations that prevailed in different times have changed in the category of planning, which has caused the creation of different styles in planning. One of these approaches is planning based on the future research scenario. The importance of the issue comes from the fact that the city of Tehran has a population of 8,693,706 people, and this city, as the capital and the first metropolis of Iran, faces many challenges, including the ever-increasing population and the subsequent abnormal development of the urban body (in the event of an earthquake, witnessing a human disaster and fewer casualties in the world) we will be). The purpose of this article is to evaluate the spatial resilience of Tehran city from an ecological perspective and to provide suggestions and solutions by examining the current situation.

In terms of the purpose, the research is of an applied type, which was carried out by a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary library studies and field investigations. Considering the nature of the data and the impossibility of controlling the behavior of the effective variables in the problem, this research was of a non-experimental type and was carried out within the framework of the case-analytic model. The investigated community was the statistical block and all urban and residential uses of Tehran city, and the main data was obtained mainly by using the data of the urban blocks of the Iranian Statistics Center and the available documents, including the comprehensive and detailed plan. Available information layers, field observations, targeted questioning of municipal experts, and specific data produced in the software environment of the GIS geographic information system, as well as document and library study, have provided another part of the required information for the article. To achieve the objectives of the research, indicators in 7 categories including water transfer reservoirs, waste collection centers, water and wastewater treatment centers, green use and parks, brown and barren lands, fault lines, and air pollution based on existing land use studies and revision The detailed plan of Tehran city areas was extracted. In the following, for the spatialization of the studied indicators at the level of the texture of the regions, the method (Tracking Analyst Tools) has been used in the network analysis process (Spline Tools) in the ArcGIS software environment. In the second part, experts and elites (25 people) were asked to identify the most important components affecting Determining environmental-ecological resilience within the next 10 years. Finally, 18 variables were determined by Delphi, and MIC MAC software is used for data analysis.

In the analysis of the effect-dependency matrix, it is necessary to pay attention to the arrangement and ecological spatial distribution of the metropolis of Tehran with the model of future research in the framework of Figure 5(t). The pattern of this distribution will have a very direct relationship with the stability or instability of the environmental-ecological resilience system in the Tehran metropolis with a forward-looking approach; In such a way that stable systems, while having indicators with a high degree of influence and effectiveness, the variables also have a normal distribution in other levels of the diagram.
And in unstable systems, the distribution of variables does not have the same normal pattern, and most of the indicators tend to be high or low. Therefore, according to the analysis, it can be found that the environmental-ecological resilience system of the Tehran metropolis is in an unstable state by considering the effect-dependency analysis diagram, and it indicates the instability of the influencing variables and the continuity of their influence on other variables. Each of the variables is placed in a certain place in the diagram according to the degree of influence. According to Figure 5(t), the position of the variables in the diagram indicates their status in the system and their role in the dynamics and evolution of the system in the future.

The results of the evaluation, while at a high level, comply with the realities surrounding urban resilience in Tehran, in such a way that in the framework of prospective studies and by using the scenario approach, it is possible to measure the general state of resilience, and model Its stability or instability was also found from how the variables are spatially distributed on the level of graphs and figures output from Mic Mac software. Also, the almost high percentage of the filling factor (98%) in the research variables confirms the validity and reliability of the research tools at an almost high level.
The information obtained from Figure 5(p) confirms the fact that ecological environmental resilience in Tehran metropolis is unstable and in such a way that the continuation of the current situation will lead to the formation of a disaster scenario and in the best case, if the current situation continues, the environmental resilience in Tehran metropolis and the continuation of the current drought situation, limited attention to the water resources management situation, the continuation of the current unfavorable situation and the destruction of the region's ecosystem, the ecological pressure on the resources, the continuation of the current situation of planning to improve the state of land use management and the growth of incompatible industrial uses within the regions which will ultimately lead to the continuation of the unfavorable situation of instability.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the research method. In terms of nature, it is based on new future-research, analytical and exploratory methods. The collection of data and information has been done by the survey method and the analysis of the matrix of cross-effects using MicMac and Scenario Wizard software. Based on the findings of the research, out of 41 investigated indicators,9 indicators were identified as the key drivers of the reconstruction of the historical fabric of Kerman city. Maintaining the originality of the design and work, functional diversity and creating vitality, reuse of buildings and modernization, payment of subsidies and bank facilities, participation of people and the private sector, the role of culture and cultural industries, creation of legal and legal tools, creation of integrated management of historical context and model Comprehensive planning and regeneration management were identified as key factors and drivers of the regeneration of the historical fabric of Kerman. Also, the results of the scenario planning section of the research indicate 4 scenarios with high or probable compatibility for the future of the historical context of Kerman city. The first scenario is completely desirable, the second scenario is semi-desirable, the third scenario is critical, and the fourth scenario is completely critical for recreating the historical context of Kerman city. According to the knowledge obtained from the key drivers and future scenarios for the reconstruction of the historical context of Kerman city, it is possible to plan ahead and pay attention to the key factors and hidden layers in different social fields. , economic, physical, functional, cultural and institutional-management, while dealing with various dimensions of instability and deterioration, reverse the cycle of decline and decline and provide a new opportunity to revive and recreate the historical urban fabric of Kerman

Given natural, historical, and cultural attractions, cities are considered important tourist destinations. Urban tourism development brings positive and negative economic, social, cultural, and environmental impacts. This issue becomes particularly significant concerning sustainable development. Currently, the development of sustainable tourism plays such a role in the economic, social, and cultural development of the countries that economists consider it the engine of the country's development. The development of tourism in the world requires the efficiency of the management system, the strengthening of the infrastructure, and the improvement of the necessary capacities. One of the most important factors in the development of tourism in any region is how it is managed. This research aimed to investigate the future of spatial-strategic urban tourism development of Kish Island with a sustainable development approach and to compare the scenario writing method, SWOT analysis, and SOAR strategic model. The research method was exploratory and descriptive-analytical, which was conducted using library and field studies resulting from interviews and questionnaires (in two stages using the Delphi method). The sample included 54 officials and experts of tourism, urban planning and development and civil engineering of Kish Free Zone Organization, professors and experts of other disciplines related to the urban and tourism field, and 100 tourists and residents. SPSS software, one-sample T-test and ANOVA were used to analyze data. To determine the drivers of development and key factors, first 45 of the indicators that showed more than 60% uncertainty were selected, and then 30 were identified as influential factors by forming a panel of experts. For data analysis, interaction effects analysis method was used in MicMac software. The results indicated the instability of variables within the system. After identifying the influencing, dual, independent, and dependent factors, three scenarios for the sustainable development of Kish Island were developed based on the dependent factors, which included efficient tourism management, public participation, job creation, and income generation. The scenarios were compared with the strategies derived from the SWOT analysis and the SOAR strategic model. Finally, the point density method in GIS software was used to analyze the tourism space of Kish Island.

Global climate changes, primarily manifested as global warming and rapid urbanization, exacerbate extreme weather events. Statistics indicate that floods are among the most prevalent and catastrophic natural disasters (Safiah Yusmah et al., 2020: 552). Urban floods caused by heavy rainfall have evolved from gradual accumulation to sudden surges (Masozera et al., 2007: 299; Hallegatte et al., 2013: 802). Therefore, urban flood resilience, crucial for flood control and disaster reduction, has garnered increasing research focus (Obrist et al., 2010: 284; Xu et al., 2018: 5298). The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030), endorsed by the World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2015, and the 2018 Beijing Resilient City Development Plan, underscore the importance of enhancing urban resilience to disasters (Sun et al., 2022: 1).To address the growing risk of natural events, it is essential to strengthen capacities that enable vulnerable communities to better prepare for, cope with, and recover from adverse effects. In disaster management literature, this strategy is commonly referred to as resilience. Resilience, when applied to communities, is defined as "the ability of a community to prepare for, plan, absorb, recover, and adapt to actual or potential adverse events in a timely and efficient manner, including rebuilding and improving essential functions and structures." A resilient community incurs fewer losses and recovers more swiftly from hazardous events (Cutter et al., 2014: 65; Abdali et al., 2022: 6).Theoretical Framework:The concept of resilience originated from Holling's seminal work in ecology, aimed at understanding the instability and dynamics of nature. According to Holling, resilience is "the measure of a system's ability to absorb change and disturbance while maintaining the same relationships between populations or state variables." However, resilience is not simply "the ability of a system to return to equilibrium after a temporary disturbance" (Holling, 1973: 14-17). In ecological literature, two definitions of resilience emerged: one that encompasses continuity, change, and unpredictability in a nonlinear and non-equilibrium system (ecological resilience), and another that focuses on efficiency, stability, and predictability in a single equilibrium system (engineering resilience) (Holling, 1996: 25; Folke, 2006: 256). Engineering resilience emphasizes rapid and efficient recovery post-disturbance, while ecological resilience is about absorbing changes and ensuring continuity (Pickett et al., 2004: 373).

This study employs a combined multi-criteria decision-making approach using the Analytic Network Process (ANP), DEMATEL technique, and the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE). The DEMATEL-ANP model identifies internal relationships between indicators, allowing for pairwise comparisons and weight evaluation, while PROMETHEE ranks solutions based on their proximity to the ideal solution, with the best solution being closest to the ideal point (Chen et al., 2011: 909; Chiu et al., 2013: 49; Thor et al., 2013: 27; Ju et al., 2015: 348-349).

Resilience in Khorramabad exhibits a clear spatial pattern, with higher resilience in affluent upper city areas and lower resilience in less affluent lower city areas. This disparity highlights the inequitable distribution of urban facilities and services, emphasizing the need for equitable development and access to vital resources. Economic resilience is surprisingly lower in the city’s economic center due to deteriorated infrastructure and the residence of lower socio-economic strata. Institutional resilience is higher in central areas, benefiting from the concentration of governmental, private, and grassroots organizations.Peripheral areas suffer from inadequate infrastructure, resulting in lower overall resilience. Social capital resilience lacks a specific spatial pattern, with most areas rated as medium to low, indicating weak community connections. Environmental resilienceshows that city center areas are more prone to flooding, while higher resilience is observed in different parts of the city, possibly due to land permeability and river positions.Comparative analysis reveals that regions 1, 4, 7, 13, and 17 have the lowest resilience, while regions 23 and 14 rank high. This analysis provides a comprehensive understanding of resilience levels at the city scale, identifying areas requiring further intervention.

Mapping the results reveals distinct spatial patterns of resilience and identifies hotspots needing more intervention. Central and western regions, with lower resilience, require more attention. Environmental and infrastructural factors are key, directly relating to land use and planning. The findings can assist Khorramabad’s urban planning organizations in integrating disaster resilience into urban planning, transforming reactive plans into proactive adaptation strategies. Additionally, identifying potential hotspots can aid emergency management institutions in effective disaster risk management. Enhancing social resilience is crucial for community capacity building to prepare for, respond to, and adapt to climate change impacts, guiding local stakeholders in fostering fair development and equitable resource access.

Resilience is a multidimensional concept and has been studied in many different disciplines including ecology, socio-ecological systems, social sciences and psychology. This concept has attracted more attention in recent years, especially in terms of urban planning. This concept is particularly highlighted when a city or community encounters threats such as natural hazards. To respond to these threats, a comprehensive resilience assessment is required to identify priority areas for disaster risk management. In this study, a systematic review method is used to review and analyze studies of resilience in Tehran, and then a systematic formulation is provided. The authors searched the SID and Magiran databases for studies related to urban resilience in Tehran using the keywords “resilience” and “urban resilience”. The PRISMA framework was used to select studies for systematic review, and ultimately 55 studies were included in the review. According to 49% of the studies, the level of resilience was different in urban areas of Tehran. Lack of equal access to municipal services due to their uneven distribution, Existence of worn-out fabrics and informal settlements in some areas and different financial ability and level of social participation of residents are among the main reasons for the variability of resilience in urban areas of Tehran. In addition, 38% of the studies concluded that the resilience situation in Tehran is unfavorable; in the meantime, informal settlements, dilapidated structures and the central part of Tehran had more unsuitable conditions. The results of this study are useful for city managers, crisis management, city council, NGOs and other organizations related to urban management.

Understanding the physical condition of the city and analyzing the pattern of physical development to achieve sustainable urban development is vital, because today the bulk of researchers assume that there is a significant relationship between the pattern of physical development of the city and sustainability. Accordingly, the primary goal of this study is to analyze the physical-spatial development pattern of Yasuj using spatial analysis methods such as local spatial autocorrelation (Moran), directional distribution, standard elliptic distribution and hot spots. The research methodology draws on both deductive and inductive methods. The former was employed to explore theoretical foundations and research literature, and the latter was adopted to gain insights into the pattern of physical development of Yasuj by tapping into statistics and information obtained from secondary data. The results of spatial analysis suggest that in population, residential and construction indices, density displays a pattern of cluster distribution and spatial autocorrelation. As such, the Z-Score was 54.58 for population density, 57.48 for residential density and 51.12 for construction density in 2015, exhibiting a significant surge compared to 1996 and 2006. The results of hot spots for 1996-2016 span in Yasuj city show dispersed and low-density physical expansion of the city, which has laid the ground for the spiral and unplanned growth of the city, especially in the northwest area. The highest hot spatial clusters of varying densities in Yasuj were observed in western blocks of the city with 99% significance and the highest cold spatial clusters were recorded in the northwestern blocks. Therefore, controlling and monitoring urban constructions and deterring the destruction of agricultural lands in the west and northwest areas of this city can serve as a key strategy in guiding the physical development of Yasuj.

Since 1999, a new approach was proposed in the planning literature under the title of "Urban Development Strategy," which focuses on strengthening the competitive economy, but at the same time, environmental, financial, infrastructure, urban structure, and reduction aspects. It covers poverty and includes planning for measures prepared to improve urban management and governance, increase investment to improve services and employment, and sustain and systematically reduce poverty in the city. In these plans, with the focus on urban management and the participation of urban stakeholders, the city's vision is specified, and strategies are formulated to achieve the vision and sustainable development of the city. The rapid changes in Piranshahr due to the city's functioning require the city to have a basic, correct, flexible, and suitable plan. Despite this, having a comprehensive and forward-looking plan has been deprived. It has been limited to a guiding and comprehensive urban plan due to the emphasis on the physical aspect, static and traditional, lack of flexibility, weak implementation capability, the lack of attention to the dominant function of the city, and most importantly, the lack of people's participation in these plans have not met the current needs of Piranshahr. The current research was written to measure the indicators of urban development strategy, identify the city's potential, and formulate its development strategies.

The present research is based on the objective, functional, and descriptive-analytical methods. Data were collected using a survey approach. The statistical population of the research is three groups of citizens, officials, and elites of Piranshahr. To evaluate the situation of Piranshahr in terms of the CDS index, questionnaires were distributed among a group of citizens, officials, and elites, and after data collection, they were analyzed in SPSS software. According to the results of the questionnaire and according to the upstream plans and the review of the existing situation, the key limitations and the potential and future development prospects of Piranshahr were identified and specified. Then, the factors identified in the SWOT model were evaluated, and their weighting was done by redistributing the questionnaire. According to the weighting results of the questionnaires, strategies were prioritized with a combination of AHP-SWOT and ANP-SWOT models and Expert Choice and Super Decision software.

The evaluation results of CDS indicators in Piranshahr from the point of view of urban groups of citizens, officials, and elites were 2.42, 2.31, and 2.15, respectively. There is a significant difference in the evaluation of the views of the urban groups in relation to the indicators, and only in the index "dominance" (F (2, 479) =2.48, P=0.084), there is no significant difference between the groups. It can be said that "Piranshahr is not in a favorable situation in terms of CDS indicators and sub-indices." In the landscape creation process, citizens, officials, and elites have identified the main issues in the current situation as the lack of urban facilities and services (citizens), the lack of appropriate and sufficient government investments (officials), and the lack of a comprehensive plan for the city (elites) have listed the process of co-creating the vision was done in two stages, which is as follows: "A city with an economy based on commercial (overseas) commercial activity; a city with mining activity (with an emphasis on decorative stone mines); a city with natural and historical tourist attractions with an emphasis on shopping tourism; a city with an agricultural economy."The residents of Piranshahr have a consensus regarding the potential of Piranshahr and the vision of the city in the next 20 years. The results of the AHP model show that the strategy "Strengthening the commercial performance (overseas) of Piranshahr city and related functions" with the highest score (0.374) as the "best strategy" and the strategy "creating and developing infrastructure" Tourism strategies with an emphasis on shopping tourism and optimal utilization of natural and historical tourist attractions" were also selected with a score of 0.284 as an "alternative strategy" for the future development of Piranshahr. Also, the results of the ANP model indicate that the strategy "Strengthening the business performance (overseas) of Piranshahr city and related functions" with the highest score (0.357) as the "best strategy" and the main strategy for the future development of Piranshahr was determined. The final output of the two models shows differences only in the final weights of the strategies; so, the priority in the AHP model is 0.374 but in the ANP model it is 0.357.

What is clear is that Piranshahr is not in a favorable situation in terms of CDS indicators. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the management and development of Piranshahr from a participatory point of view. The city management and its development have left the path of following political management, and by involving the stakeholders of the city in the urban development program, the sharp divergence between the city management and social activists reduced and thus improved the situation of CDS indicators in the city and led it to a path where every citizen is responsible for the development of the city and thus the situation of CDS indicators in Piranshahr has improved. The ground for the development of the city should be prepared. On the other hand, according to the development of a specific vision for the city in a specific horizon (2035), it is necessary to prepare a comprehensive urban plan based on integrated urban management with the participation of citizens and creating a suitable environment by the urban management. The city's administrative and executive bodies should lead the city toward development by moving in the direction of integrated management.

Most countries suffere from a pandemic and an increase in the number of confirmed cases, so they adopt different strategies to respond to the outbreak and use all possible resources effectively and quickly in an anti-pandemic campaign. In addition to meeting daily needs, urban structures must have the basic capacity to respond to emergencies. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive picture of urban health self-sufficiency status in Jiroft and to provide possible solutions to respond to emergencies in COVID-19 conditions. Data were collected through interviews  and documentary method using the COVID-19 prevalence statistics of Jiroft City until December 2021 and the comprehensive plan of Jiroft City (2016). The study's statistical population included the city's five districts based on the master plan and the experts present in a symposium. For data analysis, EDAS and the importance and performance of IPA were used. The results showed that Jiroft as a whole has not acted as a self-sufficient environment in pandemic conditions. Only area two has been able to withstand the pandemic due to the concentration of urban health components. The strategies of moving doctors' offices from Rajaei Street to side streets, setting up active arrangements for every organization, and obtaining a separate budget for every organization were recognized as the most probable solution according to the conditions of Jiroft city.