احمدرضا قائم مقامی

About most of the propre names of Firdowsi’s Shahnama one can find numerous information in previous literature, especially in Namenbücher and entries of encyclopaedias. We know the origin of many of these names, but we do not always know, or previous scholars have not shown with precision, in what way and through which changes these names reached the Arabic and Persian texts, in our cases Shahnama. Garsīvaz and Afrās(i)yāb are among these names. Although their origin in the Avesta is known, it is not known why they occur in these forms in the Shahnama and/or some other Farsi, Pahlavi and Arabic texts. In this paper, the author tries to collect and analyze the different forms of these two names in Pahlavi, Farsi, and Arabic texts and investigate the causes of their phonetic changes to finally find out why the names Garsīvaz and Afrās(i)yāb reached the Shahnama in these to not totally natural forms.

In this article, another chapter of Davud Manshizadeh's book about geography and history of Shahnameh has been translated. The summary of his opinions in this chapter is that the name that is in the form of Krūshān and similar forms in the Shahnameh manuscripts is the same as Kāsān, and for the name of Golzariyyūn, one should look for two other places. There is also a reference to the spelling of the names of Sinjabū and Perak River in the Shahnameh and other texts.

In this article, the contents of the Gāthic Nasks existing in Dēnkard 9 and their relevance to the existing Zand of Yasna and how to deal with each of these Nasks with the Zand of Yasna have been discussed. Gāthic quotations of the Zand of Yasna in summaries of Nasks are sometimes the Pahlavi translation of Yasna and sometimes their commentary, which is an interpretation written on the Pahlavi translation. quotations are sometimes the same as the Zand phrases, and sometimes are different from them. The occurrence of these quotations may indicate that the Pahlavi Yasna existed before the final compilation of the Nasks summarized in Dēnkard 9. The main part of this article is dealt with revising the reading of some words and phrases in Varštmānsar Nask, translated by Ahmad Tafzzoli, using the existing Zand of Yasna. Tafazzoli has mentioned that some phrases in Varštmānsar Nask have been translated to Pahlavi from the Gāthas. Examining some phrases from Varštmānsar in this article shows that the Zand of Yasna is an important tool in studying Pahlavi texts, especially the texts which are derived from the Zand of Yasna and is useful in understanding these texts and the contents they have tried to convey. In each case, first the Avestan text and then the text of Varštmānsar Nask in Tafazzoliʼs reading and translation has been given. Then the text of the Zand on which the revision is based has been mentioned. Finally, the authors tried to revise the text and translation.

The following article is a review of the translation of the first volume of the book “Theology and Society” in the second and third centuries AH, by Yousef Fans S. . The author tries to suggest some typographical errors or inaccurate or inconsistent spellings, interpretations, and equivalents found in the translation of the book. He tries to correct the mistakes by stating the mentioned cases along with the page numbers of the book.

Ali IbnAbaida Al-Raihāni has been the translator of Pahlavi works into Arabic. He has a great role in adapting the ancient Iranian heritage to Islamic culture and literature in the first centuries. In the following study, the author is going to introduce this Muslim scholar and his works via referring to different sources. Next, he analyzes two of his works in detail to provide the reader with a general view of his other work's subject.