اسماعیل ملک اخلاق

The purpose of this research is to design an interpretive structural model for internal Intelligent marketing, focusing on an intra-organizational approach in businesses that implement smart technologies in their operational processes.

The research employs a mixed-method approach with a qualitative, exploratory design. It is categorized as applied research due to its practical relevance for businesses. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, while Andrewsage's (1977) Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method was utilized to identify the relationships between variables, classify indicators based on the interpretive paradigm, and develop the model. The research sample included executive managers from furniture manufacturing businesses in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, all of whom use internet-based technologies to digitize their organizational processes. A total of 21 managers were interviewed, selected through snowball sampling until theoretical saturation was reached.

The findings of the study reveal that factors related to internal intelligent marketing were categorized into six hierarchical levels. At the first level is internal intelligent marketing itself, followed by smart marketing campaigns at the second level. The third level includes digital talent management and digital skills development platforms. The fourth level consists of an online performance evaluation platform, predictive employee analytics, and an online training platform. The fifth level includes online monitoring systems, digital knowledge bases, digital learning networks, and online information systems. Finally, the sixth level encompasses digital technology infrastructure, online social networks, government regulations, and the organization's digital culture.

The results indicate that intelligent marketing campaigns, digital learning networks, digital knowledge bases, and online information systems are critical components in the target area. In the affected area, digital culture, online social networks, digital technology infrastructure, and government laws and regulations play significant roles. The impact zone includes the online performance evaluation platform, digital skills development platform, digital talent management platform, and online monitoring systems. Additionally, the analysis shows that the digital culture factor had the highest influence score (rij = 2982), while the intelligent marketing campaign platform had the greatest impact score (rji = 1677). These findings provide valuable insights for businesses looking to enhance their internal intelligent marketing.

The research’s aim is to investigate the effects of the success of strategic alliances on the strategic learning ability of member companies in the Iranian Electricity Industry Syndicate in 1402, emphasizing the important role of strategic foresight. In the school of learning strategy, strategy is an activity that is learned by the members of the organization and also emerges from the heart of learning processes, and on this basis, it has attracted the attention of many organizations and companies. In other words, organizations with a learning attitude to strategy design can improve their speed of action and effectiveness to face environmental changes and the future of the organization.

The research’s problems achieved by finding answers to the three main questions about the influence of strategic alliance on strategic learning and strategic foresight finally about the nature of strategic alliance. The research is descriptive correlational research based on the structural equation modeling method in terms of the practical purpose and the method of data collection, which has been carried out cross-sectionally. The data of this research was collected through a questionnaire survey method. This sample was produced by searching in the organizational database of the Iranian Electricity Syndicate in the spring of 1402. which included 609 companies and according to the survey of senior managers, a statistical population of 609 people was produced, which was used by simple random sampling method. In recent studies, Cohen's formula is used to determine the sample size based on the effect size and power of the test. Another advantage of this method is that the number of main variables and questionnaire questions is also involved in the calculation of the sample size. Based on Cohen's formula, the sample size was considered equal to 106. The questionnaire included 55 items. Strategic foresight consists of three sub-components – environmental scanning, strategic choice, and integration capabilities – and was measured using a total of 31 items developed by Polianite and Passa (2014) [51]. To measure the strategic success of the alliance, we used five items taken from the evaluation criteria established by Robertson and Gatignon (1998). These measures can be used to determine the success of strategic alliances in innovation and new product development and to identify whether a company's profit and sales have been positively affected by strategic alliances or not [56]. Also, to measure strategic learning, a four-item scale proposed by Charlotte Siren (2012) and using 19 items is used [72]. To achieve content and face validity, the questionnaire was reviewed by experts, and according to their opinions and making necessary corrections in the parameters, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and then the questionnaires were distributed. To measure reliability, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were calculated. This study uses SmartPLS4 to verify the research framework and hypotheses.

The results of the research data analysis showed that strategic alliance on strategic learning and strategic foresight; Also, strategic foresight has a positive and significant effect on strategic learning. Finally, strategic foresight mediates the relationship between strategic alliance and strategic learning. This research empirically proves the positive effect of strategic alliances on foresight as well as on strategic learning. As a result, this issue is useful for company managers to start tending to strategies based on cooperation and forming strategic alliances. This research showed that the more investment in strategic alliances, the better the future-oriented competencies. Furthermore, the better the foresight performance, the greater the strategic learning. In a business environment characterized by continuous and often disruptive change [81], companies face increasing pressure to identify future opportunities that enable them to create new products, services, and markets and maintain their ability to compete in the future. Therefore, a growing number of companies see foresight as an important tool to prepare for the future [67]. However, conducting foresight with an exclusive focus on internal knowledge and capabilities may prevent companies from finding new and important ideas [27]. Corporate foresight research thus far integrates networks as a means of capturing external data, often at the unit level [61]. The ability to extract knowledge and skills through alliances may become critical to survival [34].

Learning is becoming a central tool for future competition in strategic relationships [52]. Foresight activity promotes collective forms of learning that rely heavily on the cognitive virtues of a foresight attitude [18]. Strategic learning refers to learning that affects the identification and implementation of information and strategic initiatives to provide future capacity for organizational growth and survival [2]. Company managers must plan for the future to stay ahead of threats and be aware of growth opportunities. Our proposal is a systemic approach to close relationships with customers and suppliers the creation of diverse networks in the business environment and the development of strategic foresight capabilities: environmental scanning, strategic choice and, integration capabilities to create a learning organization, especially in the field of dynamizing the process of redesigning, implementing and controlling strategy to achieve strategic agility. To achieve this goal, researchers must be in close contact with the marketing team, who often understand the expectations of customers and suppliers. Managers must also learn to consider both short-term and long-term costs simultaneously. By considering the cost of missing out on new product opportunities or early warnings of future threats, managers can understand the importance of foresight. As a manager, they must also learn to evaluate costs but also consider returns. As a result, it is better to consider the additional cost and risks caused by resource sharing and the creation of foresight systems as strategic investments, which enable the achievement of dynamic competitive advantages by changing the strategic direction of the organization and providing information and resources for these changes.

Rapid environmental changes and especially technological changes on the one hand and the globalization of business on the other hand have made the managers of technological companies face serious challenges. This has caused the development of strategy in a traditional way in technological companies, due to the chaos and uncertainty in the environment, they are not flexible and do not have the ability to respond appropriately. In the current uncertainty, many people and organizations believe that strategy has lost its meaning, concept and position. By reviewing the background of the research, it is clear that the concepts of this field have undergone many changes and developments, and the newer perspectives emphasize the way of strategy formation emerging in technological companies. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate how the emerging strategy is formed in technological companies in the field of information technology in Iran. For this purpose, for a deep understanding of the phenomenon, an interpretive approach was adopted and the metacomposite method was used to consolidate and expand previous theories. After studying and evaluating the content of the articles and extracting related codes and concepts, the components of the 3 dimensions of emerging strategy (content, context and process) were identified.

Among the most remarkable economic developments of the past fifty years have been stunning progress made in East Asian societies, despite wars and unrests and absence of any industrial foundations in their recent history. There has been a multitude of research conducted on such developments and numerous results have also been reported; however, there is no integrated model with regard to the topic. The current research aims at presenting a comprehensive approach and designing a coherent model according to effective experiences of selected East Asian countries using strategic opportunities that can be applied for other nations. The current research is based on Sandelowski and Barroso's meta-synthesis method embedded in a content analysis study. With regard to purpose, it is considered as an applied research and as for data collection a descriptive one. According to findings, 110 components in 14 areas and 4 dimensions were extracted and results were eventually presented in a conceptual model. According to results obtained in the study, a model for managing strategic opportunities was proposed. It was accordingly determined that managing strategic opportunities as a result of government interventions, improvements made in infrastructures, developments in industry and trade and enabling work force have all led to economic development of East Asian countries.

Democracy is one of the most powerful words in the world. In other words, democracy can be understood as an ideology, a concept or a theory. Democracy has been created in the field of politics and has been discussed in governance, but in recent years this concept has placed itself in organizations and companies and the business world in general. Commercial democracy is a concept that can be a way to achieve success, growth and development of organizations and companies. The aim of the current research is to present and formulate the commercial democracy model of Iranian petrochemical companies. This research was done qualitatively. The data research strategy is the foundation. The intended community includes business management specialists, professors with books and research in the field of business policy, as well as experts in the field of political science and political economy and high-ranking people of commercial organizations. Sampling is snowball and purposeful. Also, the data analysis method is based on the foundation's data analysis method with a systematic approach to the coding method. After analyzing the data, the results show that 27 categories for causal, central conditions, strategies, interveners, environmental categories and consequences have been obtained by the researcher.

Nowadays, knowledge-based governance can have a valuable impact on improving the performance of both government and private institutions. However, there is a possibility of overlooking the influential factors on this type of governance. Therefore, adherence to the principles of knowledge-based governance can contribute to improving the situation of organizations, and society, allowing for the maximum utilization of individuals' abilities, reducing societal challenges, and ultimately pursuing the public welfare. This research has employed a qualitative methodology and is based on Grounded theory, using the approaches of Strauss and Corbin. The study population consists of experts familiar with the subject, with 12 of them being selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods for in-depth interviews. We used MAXQDA software to analyse the data. 302 codes are identified and placed in the 46 subcategories and 18 main categories, which are in 6 main categories under the headings of causal conditions, including sharing, creating, preserving and maintaining knowledge, competence of managers. background conditions, including creating infrastructure, structure organization and culture of the organization. Intermediate conditions include rules and procedures, performance evaluation, transparency, team building, recruitment and retention, planning and administration system. The innovation dynamic capability and development strategy are strategic conditions. The performance of the society, organization and the employees are the consequence. The central condition is knowledge-based governance. The Grounded approach and model design in executive organizations has a unique aspect and facilitate the implementation of knowledge governance in executive organizations of the country.

The intent of this study was to identify the effects of absorptive capacity and intellectual capital on the export performance of technological companies in Guilan Province, considering the mediating role of innovation and imitation strategies.

This research was a quantitative and descriptive survey. Using non-probability sampling method, 220 companies were selected. The collected data were analysed by structural equation modelling and the partial least squares approach through Smart PLS software.

Results show that there is a significant relationship between absorptive capacity, innovation strategies, imitation, and export performance, but the relationship between intellectual capital and imitation strategies is not confirmed. Also, only the mediating role of innovation strategy in the relationship between intellectual capital and export performance is confirmed.

Originality: 

This article expands the existing literature in the field of imitation strategy by using a model for the effects of absorptive capacity and intellectual capital on export performance with the mediating role of innovation and imitation strategies. It also investigates the characteristics of imitation strategy. The findings of the research increase knowledge and awareness in this field and can be a basis for practical and effective measures.

The aim of this study is to understand the nature and factors that shape the land of opportunities in small and medium enterprises.

The method used in the research is a mixed-method and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The qualitative part is done using "Grounded theory" and the quantitative part is done using "structural equation modeling". Necessary data were collected through interviews with academic experts, managers, and consultants of small and medium industries in city rasht. The tool for collecting information in the qualitative section is semi-structured interviews. The text analysis of the interviews was performed in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. And In a quantitative part, Using a researcher-made questionnaire, Its validity and reliability were examined.

Using the codes extracted from the text of the interviews and extracting the codes using the software maxqda 18; Number 353 open coding 28 axial coding, and finally 9 selective coding were extracted. Among these, the dimensions of the land of talent, the land of the market, the land of professional management, the land of finance and investment (central phenomenon), the land of innovation, the land of professional policymaking, the land of democracy, the land of social development and the land of expectations were identified as causal conditions.

According to the research findings in the qualitative section (extracted codes), by confirming the relationship between dimensions and the variables "land of opportunities" and "structural equation model" which was

Constituting half of society, women play a significant role in advancing the goals of different countries in this new social age. On the other hand, as organizations, especially the service-providing ones, are potentially subject to errors, they need to provide an appropriate environment for treating possible errors. Therefore, this applied survey study sought to investigate the effect of an error treatment atmosphere on the willingness to quit one’s job, considering learning behavior as the mediating factor. The statistical population of the study comprised female staff of four and five-star hotels in Mashhad, out of whom 390 people were selected as participants. Moreover, the required data were collected through a questionnaire, whose form and content validity were evaluated and verified by management experts and its construct validity was measured and confirmed using the confirmatory factor analysis in Amos software. Also, the reliability of different constructs of the questionnaire was confirmed, as the reported Cronbach's alpha coefficient was over 0.7. The findings of the study indicated the positive influence of error management and perceived forgiveness atmosphere on the staff’s learning behavior, with their effect rate being 0.48 and 0.57, respectively. On the other hand, error management atmosphere, perceived forgiveness atmosphere, and learning behavior had a significant influence on reducing the willingness of the staff to quit their jobs, with their effect rates being -0.34, -0.20, and -0.28, respectively. Moreover, the mediating role of the learning behavior in the causal relationships between the error management atmosphere and the willingness to quit one’s job, and between the perceived forgiveness atmosphere and such a willingness was confirmed, with the former and latter’s effect rate being -0.13 and -0.16, respectively.

Emerging economies Firms (EMFs) are unfamiliar actors in a new host market. Hence, foreign market entry should be studied more as a position-building process. Given that position-building process lead to tensions and conflicts among key EMF stakeholders. Business Diplomacy (BD) is a practices that facilitates this process. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the typology of BD in EMFs, based on their positioning-building process over period of time. Through the lens of Path-dependence Theory, we review the literature to formulate a typology of Business diplomacy, then we identify statistical control variables.    For the purpose of this study, we used Sequence Analysis to identify sequence patterns of BD in EMFs position-building process. Iran Exemplary Exporters in the period of 2012-2020 are chosen as the statistical population of this research that 36 Firms were studied as a sample based on the judgment criteria. Data were collected through the board of director's activity annual reports in Codal Database. Using TraMineR in R-package, data analyzed through optimal matching (OM).   We empirically identify three different sequence patterns of business diplomacy. Firms in the Automotive, Petrochemical and Chemical Industries, Machinery and Equipment, Engineering Services, and the Paper Industry mainly follow first path. Firms operating in the Steel Industry, Automotive Industry, and Machinery and Equipment follow the second path. Firms operating in the Oil Industry, Steel Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Electrical Equipment and Paper industry follow the third path. The findings also show that business diplomacy pathways differ significantly in terms of firm's characteristics (i.e. industry, size, and international experience). We argued that EMFs follow different BD strategies in their position- building process in the host markets. In the first pattern, the most of EMFs execute reactive and proactive strategies, and few Firms have follow other strategies. In this pattern, the dominant strategic priority is pay attention to the business related stakeholders, and the pressure dimension has insignificant effect on changing the strategy. Also, we argued that the Firms in the automotive, petrochemical and chemical industries, machinery and equipment, technical and engineering services, and paper industries use the one-best-way approach. The dominant strategy in the second pattern is proactive strategy. This strategy has become the dominant view of firms in last years, and the strategic agenda of firms has shifted from business-related stakeholders to none-business-related stakeholders. In addition, we argued that this turn to none-business-related stakeholders has significantly occurred in the steel, automobile manufacturing, and machinery and equipment industries.    As a result, the contingency approach is prevailing in the second pattern. But the dominant strategy in the third pattern is defensive strategy. We argued that firms try to avoid unintended changes in the political environment, through defensive strategies, and manipulating none-business related stakeholders. In other word, they maximize profits in host markets through neutralize the non-market environment pressures. This turn to defensive strategy has been significantly occurred in the oil, steel, pharmaceutical, electrical equipment and paper industries. in addition, the results showed that firms in the automobile industry and machinery and equipment, simultaneously follow the first and second patterns, and firms in the paper industry simultaneously follow the first and third patterns, as well as firms in the steel industry follow the second and third patterns at the same time. To explain it more clearly, the dynamics of the environment exposes firms to continuous changes and companies may use strategies that conflict with each other. As a result, firms may follow a paradox approach. In nutshell, we argued that, firms by turn in strategic agenda from business related stakeholders to none-related stakeholders, facilitate their position-building process in host market. And this practice turn, influenced by Firms-level characteristics such as industry, size and international experience. Our research has implications from theoretical and methodological aspects: First, the existing research focused on advanced economy firms. But our research conducted in emerging economies context, which are very different from advanced economies context. Second, the results of this research have proposed a mechanism to overcome on emergingness liabilities. Third, the paradox approach in strategy emphasizes that in the complex and evolving world, firms faced with a heterogeneous environment and contradictory demands of business related and none-business related stakeholders. As a result, firms that follow the paradox approach in BD are more successful in creating and maintaining legitimacy. Fourth, the results of this research have confirmed the potential of quantitative research in process studies, especially in the strategy as practice area. In other words, identifying a pattern at the macro level through micro level data leads to the emergence of innovative insights that cannot be achieved only through a qualitative research design. Finally, some issues in management research, such as evolutionary view of strategy, require the analysis of sequence data; as a result, analyzing these data and identifying emerging patterns creates significant challenges, and traditional quantitative and qualitative researches suffer from this issue. Therefore, optimal matching approach has solved this challenge.we empirically identify Three different sequence patterns of business diplomacy. Frims in the Automotive, Petrochemical and Chemical Industries, Machinery and Equipment, Engineering Services, and the Paper Industry mainly follow first path. Firms operating in the Steel Industry, Automotive Industry, and Machinery and Equipment follow the second path. Firms operating in the Oil Industry, Steel Industry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Electrical Equipment and Paper industry follow the third path. the findings also show that business diplomacy pathways differ significantly in terms of firm's characteristics (i.e industry, size, and international experience).

Businesses must constantly evaluate their performance in order to determine their position and survive in a dynamic and highly competitive environment. In this environment, achieving superior performance requires the adaptation of companies' services and products to the needs of customers and markets, which can be facilitated by several variables. Recent research shows the positive and critical effect of variables such as business model innovation and organizational learning capability. Through business model innovation, organizations can take the advantage of changing customer demands and expectations. Also organizational learning is an ability to absorb and transform new knowledge and apply it to the development of new products with a competitive advantage and a high production speed. On the other hand, organizations must have a great ability to respond and be willing to provide new products and services that are created through strategic agility and entrepreneurial orientation in order to improve the firm performance directly and indirectly through business model innovation and organizational learning capability. So, they will achieve better performance than their competitors. This study aims at the direct effects of entrepreneurial orientation and strategic agility on the firms’ performance and the indirect effects of these two variables on the firm performance. In this regard, the mediation roles of business model innovation and learning capability are taken into account.

This article is applied in term of purpose and descriptive in term of method. The data collection tool is a questionnaire with 18 specialized items. The managers of 96 production and service companies in Rasht industrial park (Sefidroud) participated in this research. The structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to analyze the hypotheses. Also, the Smart PLS-3 software was applied to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of the variables.

Firm performance refers to the companies’ ability to compete with their rivals, improve their market share and gain the competitive advantages. But according to the rapid changes in the external environment, we have to consider more dynamic variables to respond to the chaotic and unpredictable environment so as to improve company’s performance. In this regard, business model innovation can redesign organization’s operations and activities to adopt the key factors of success and gain competitive advantages. Also, organizational learning capability can lead to higher firm performance by making an easier path for a free information flow through creating, transferring and integrating knowledge and experience. This is because finding a solution for the changes of unfavorable conditions needs a flexible and quick reaction that can be solved by these two factors. This study shows the direct effects of business model innovation and   organizational learning capability on firm performance. Moreover, other variables such as strategic agility and entrepreneurial orientation can affect the firm performance directly and indirectly through business model innovation or organization learning capability. In other words, strategic agility is introduced as the best solution to respond to the external environment and the rapid changes because it enables companies to change their competitive characteristics and adapt themselves to market trends. Also, entrepreneurial orientation includes risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness which can provide a better atmosphere for firms to foster an innovation- and change-driven environment in order to pioneer a new business, enter a new market and capture opportunities before their rivals can. The results of this study show that strategic agility and entrepreneurial orientation have positive and direct significant effects on firm performance.  Through these two factors, the condition of adapting to a change gets easier business model innovation and organization learning capability can get a better chance to be accepted by employees. Therefore, strategic agility and entrepreneurial orientation affect the performance of firms indirectly through business model innovation and organization learning capability. These hypotheses are confirmed in this study. 

This study investigated a few critical dynamic variables including business model innovation, learning capability, strategic agility and entrepreneurial orientation in order to maximize the firm performance in an environment with rapid changes. Better performance leads to better market conditions and helps the company to survive or become the leader of its own industry. Therefore, the results of this research can facilitate the path of organizations toward getting superior performance by creating a sustainable competitive advantage, higher market share and inaccessible competitive position. Although this study makes a number of beneficial contributions, it has some limitations. Specific national context is one of the limitations. To generalize the results, we have to apply this research in different cultural contexts. Next, we have not considered the moderating effect of turbulent environments. For future studies, researchers are suggested to consider this variable too. Moreover, a longitudinal study may lead to richer findings.

Coopetition strategy is a phenomenon that is the result of the simultaneous pursuit of cooperation and competition between companies, and nowadays it has become increasingly popular in strategic management studies; However, since high-tech industries require expertise and high technology, which any business may not fully possess, are in urgent need of cooperation and sharing of this expertise and technology so that in addition to competing, they can create a unique competitive advantage with cooperation. Therefore, the adoption of a strategy based on competition and cooperation in high-tech industries becomes more and more prominent. This research aims to study the role of management ambidexterity between strategic goals and the cooperation competition strategy with the moderating role of knowledge sharing.This study is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of the method of doing the work. The statistical population consists of 109 active managers in high-tech industries who have experienced competition-cooperation, and who were selected by the non-probability sampling method. The research tool is a questionnaire whose form and content validity were examined using experts' opinions and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of all variables was more than 0.7, which shows the reliability of the tool. The obtained data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and AMOS software.The findings of the research showed that strategic intent has a positive and significant effect on the management ambidexterity and the cooperation competition strategy, and management ambidexterity has a significant effect on the strategy of competition and cooperation. Furthermore, the result shows that management ambidexterity plays a moderating role between strategic intent and the cooperation competition strategy.

provide a model of international strategic branding of Iranian wrestling with export and currency approach.

The research method is qualitative with exploratory nature and the grounded theory was used in it.The data collection tool was in-depth and structured interviews with experts in the field of international sports based on wrestling. Selection of individuals and conduct of interviews continued until the theoretical saturation was reached. Also, snowball sampling method was used to select the interviewees and the data obtained from the interview were coded and analyzed by grounded theorizing method.

A total of 153 initial codes were obtained from the analysis of 12 interviews. After extracting similar codes and after examining and putting them together and removing duplicate concepts, 53 main concepts were identified and were divided into 20 sub-categories. axial codes were categorized into 7 main categories. The obtained examples and concepts were in the form of a paradigm model including causal conditions, main phenomenon, intervening conditions, contextual conditions and consequences.

: the results in the form of a qualitative model showed that by adopting appropriate strategies such as having a strategic approach to wrestling, holding a quality wrestling league, global marketing, creating sports tourism, facilitating the possibility of exporting and currency wrestling, It can be achieved by gaining domestic and national interests, reducing political tensions, preventing the violation of wrestlers' rights in world competitions, and facilitating the acquisition of hosting world events.

Today, sustainable global value chain management is recognized as one of the prominent dimensions of global companies' competitiveness. Managers need a framework for strategic analysis, policy-making and decision-making with a sustainable development approach in order to adopt appropriate policies for the transition from a traditional value chain to a sustainable global value chain and to respond to stakeholder demands and external pressures. The purpose of this study is to identify and extract the appropriate strategic components for enabling global value chain management to achieve sustainability. Due to the scope of the research literature on various aspects of global value chain stability, the meta-synthesis method has been used in this research. Based on the research results, 171 components were identified and extracted, which are presented in the form of 40 themes and 8 categories, which are considered as components of the sustainable value chain management enabling model. The extracted categories are: drivers of sustainable value chain management development, external pressures, sustainable value chain management enablers, sustainable value chain management acts, social results of sustainable value chain management, environmental results of sustainable value chain management and economic results of sustainable value chain management.

the aim of this research is to study and examine the relationship between Machiavellian Leadership and Employees ‘job burnout with the Mediator role of Organizational Cynicism. The research method in terms of applied purpose and the nature of the research is descriptive - survey oriented. This research is applied based on the nature and correlation based on the method. The population consists of 483 staff of social Security Organization of Busher Province with the degree of associate, from among 214 were randomly chosen based on Cochran formula. Population of the current research included personnel of social security organization of Busher province and of this population, 214 persons were selected through simple random sampling method. Researchers collected data from questionnaires used was paired comparisons. Correlation test and structural equations model available in Lisrel and SPSS software were utilized to analyze the questionnaire's data. Results showed that Machiavellian leadership has a both direct and indirect, through organizational cynicism, on Employees ‘job burnout.

Customers' use of technology-based intelligent information can put forth some key decision variables as a good starting point for investor decisions in financial and banking markets. On the other hand, the increasing number of commercial banks has raised concerns about customer turnover, especially for old and well-known banks. In this regard, the data about the interactions of banks and customers on online social media and mobile phones have always been an important source of banking marketing research. Analysis in banking research is generally based on questionnaires. Nowadays, however, macro-databases include numerous words, images, videos, and non-numeric outputs in terms of the volume, speed and variety of digital processes and often obscure traditional statistical analyses. Researchers have become interested in macro-databases for marketing decisions and creative marketing campaigns, and some have suggested them for the analysis of customer behavior. The use of macro-databases has, thus, significantly become a successful approach in today's marketing. In order to conduct this research, first, the behavior of customers in creating a large database, especially in the social media environment, is examined through surveys and by studying customers' attitudes toward a product, service or bank. Then, the relationship between the customer-centric banking marketing mixed with the data-driven macro-database and the referral system is examined. Finally, the paradigm model of research is presented for the behavior of banking customers in online social media.

This research seeks to provide a new model for analyzing the behavior of bank customers using the big data method. It is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection. In order to finalize the analytical model of bank customers' behavior using big data, a qualitative research method was used. Also, the data theory method was used as a basis for tthe construction of the theory. The statistical population of the study consisted of two groups. The first group contained the customers who were significantly active in online social networking cyberspace, and the second group was for the bank managers who were well acquainted with the social media space. Accordingly, the statistical sample of the study included 15 bank customers who had extensive online financial and credit transactions with the bank as well as 10 bank managers who were well acquainted with the social media communication environment. The sampling method in this research is theoretical. For this purpose, the sampling continued until the model reached the saturation. The researcher collected and selected the data in such a way that he could discover the hidden background of various texts and images of online social interactions using the NVIVO10 software to formulate the final theory.

In intervening situations, the customer behavior was created using the psychological characteristics which represented five factors of personality. In this case, the internal and external sources of control and certain complex concepts were identified and explored. There were two categories of customer behavior to deal with. It was found that positive advertisement can increase online space-based negotiations using three types of knowledge in this area. Customers seek knowledge about others by looking at their profiles, photos and texts and also try to motivate others by sending them texts and comments. Thus, they make product and theoretical comparisons that result in mutual awareness.

Based on an operational model, this study suggests that the netnography method (blogging) be used to analyze the content of users' comments on virtual networks and discover the hidden layers and underpinnings of comments and texts written by users and members of virtual networks. Also, the culture of bank customers in relation to values, customs, and Iranian cultural meanings should be analyzed so that banks can have the knowledge of common concepts in this area. It is also suggested that a combination of social media data and transaction records be used to study the impact of social media behavior on banking purchasing behavior. Another suggestion is that, before commercializing their products and services, banks should place them in the online space to notify the groups there and use their opinions. They can thus offer better products and services according to the views and behaviors of customers. In addition, it is suggested that banks invest in marketing intelligence to become a competitive source for customers.

Understanding the complex institutional interactions plays a vital role in adapting human resource approaches to the needs of society and its cultural and social missions. Accordingly, this study is intended to design a model for human resource management in education in line with the document of fundamental transformation document in the framework of the new theory of institutionalism. This applied research follows mixed method including content analysis, survey, and Fuzzy Expert System. The statistical sample in the survey section includes 219 senior managers, policy makers and experts of the Ministry of Education. In mathematical modeling method, 10 organizational experts are selected as the sample. To confirm the validity of the scale, confirmatory factor analysis is used, and the correlation and a standard questionnaire are used for convergent validity. Confirmation of the dimensions, components and extractive indicators of the research model suggest that methods of human resource for harmonizing the objectives of the document of fundamental transformation, require the use of different combinations of components of rationality, environment and uniformity, which must be considered in the configuration of each dimension of management, human resource, and education. Reaching to these optimal combinations can facilitate the implementation of human resource approaches to achieve the goals of the fundamental transformation document.

In order to gain social legitimacy and long-term survival of the goals of Education Administration, any change in human resource management practices, must be adapted to the existing institutional context. Therefore, in this research, an attempt has been made to identify and prioritize the institutional pressures of the Ministry of Education and the related components, and to design a human resource management model appropriate to these institutional pressures.

The present research enjoys a mixed-method design (qualitative-quantitative) with the purpose of being applied study. First, by systematically reviewing the literature and content analysis of the objectives of the Fundamental Reform Document, the initial research model was formed and then explained by using the opinions of experts and evaluating the content validity. In order to use and measure the model, 219 questionnaires were distributed among senior managers, policy makers and experts of the Ministry of Education in a stratified random method and data analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, a fuzzy expert system was used to achieve the most appropriate combination of pattern dimensions.

The Institutionalism model of human resource management in Education Administration was identified in the form of 7 main categories, 24 components and 68 indicators. The prioritization of institutional requirements showed that normative pressures, coercive pressures and imitation pressures have the greatest impact on the human resource management model of education, respectively.

To achieve the optimal combination and alignment of human resource practices, it is necessary to pay attention to different combinations of institutional pressures in each of the dimensions of human resource management.

bThe present paper, which can be regarded as a kind of philosophical management study, is based on the hypothesis that philosophy and management can interact and thus enhance their ability and effectiveness. Based on this hypothesis, management can provide new subjects for philosophical reflections, and philosophy can also diversify and deepen the management and organizational studies. The claim of the role of philosophy in the field of management is not limited to managerial and organizational studies, but in this paper, the emphasis is placed on the fact that, in addition to the theoretical sphere, managers who have philosophical insights practically will be wiser, more influential and more successful executives. Ontology, epistemology, and ethics are three branches of the main branches of philosophy. These three branches are defined as independent variables in the present study and their impact on the dependent variable of management has been investigated. In connection with organizational ontology, it has been shown that managers' perception of the kind of existence their organizations have, can affect their perceptions of their organizational mission. The subject of organizational epistemology leads to the conclusion that the branch of epistemology can help managers fill in the existing gaps between knowledge and practice. The most important consequence of organizational ethics is that the managers are the ethics teachers of their organization. The relationship between wisdom and organizational maturity is the last topic discussed in this paper t variables in the present study and their impact on the dependent variable of management has been investigated. In connection with organizational ontology, it has been shown that managers' perception of the kind of existence their organizations have, can affect their perceptions of their organizational mission. The subject of organizational epistemology leads to the conclusion that the branch of epistemology can help managers fill in the existing gaps between knowledge and practice. The most important consequence of organizational ethics is that the managers are the ethics teachers of their organization. The relationship between wisdom and organizational maturity is the last topic discussed in this paper.

The today's business environment is so dynamic and complex and this conditions became made even more complicated when economic depression has shaded the economy and the production and service sectors are in the grip of the depression. In the situation the firms are under the depression, to adopt marketing strategies that can help them improve their performance by focusing on optimization opportunities, sales growth and acheiving to sustain competitive advantage. At present, the textile and construction industries in Iran are in such a complicated situation so that they face lowered demand and need right marketing strategies. Thus, this research was aimed to explore the significance of marketing strategies for the marketing performance of textile and construction industries and to rank them under economic depression. To this end, the library study was accompanied with field studies. A questionnaire composed of 27 questions was designed and its content validity was confirmed. Then, it was administered among production, marketing, and R&D, and higher managers of nine textile manufacturing firms and 20 construction firms sampled by purposive judgmental technique. After the questionnaires were collected, the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated at greater than 0.7 by Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analyzed by structural equations modeling. The results of confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the values of model fitting indices were appropriate. According to the results of path analysis, the segregate marketing strategy and centralized marketing strategy had significant positive impacts on the market performance of the firms. But, indifferent marketing strategy influenced market performance negatively. Also, Friedman test revealed that the segregate marketing strategy was ranked in the first in both industries.

In this article, it has been tried to recognize effective factors on strategy implementation in Iranian governmental sport organizations in the first step. As a second step, the effective factors were prioritized in order to do successful strategy implementation.
Research method was a descriptive survey. The statistical populations included sport management instructors and strategic management professors. By using Purposive sampling, 73 professors took part in research. The structured questionnaire was used to collect data that its validity and reliability were confirmed by factor analysis method (EFA and CFA). Freidman test (p ≤ 0.05) was used to hypothesis testing.
Finding: Results showed that four external factors and six internal factors affected strategy implementation. External factors were prioritized equally. In internal factors, the first priority was finance resources and the last priority was organizational structure.

Technology transfer as one of the paradigms of new era, is a process that helps the developing countries to implement the projects for the optimal operation of resources, to facilitate achieving the success in competition with other countries, and to provide economic development and growth in less developed countries technologically. The aim of this study was to determine the strategy for technology transfer in the upstream oil industry (oil fields development) of the Islamic Republic of Iran using the conditional effectiveness model of technology transfer. For this purpose, the views and attitudes of 30 executives and experts in the field of technology transfer including factors of technology transfer in developing the country oil fields, were investigated. In order to analyze the collected data, the SPSS software, Friedman & regression tests were used. The results showed that among the factors of transfer technology in the development of oil fields, the issue of transfer is at the highest priority, which among its sub criteria the scientific knowledge and physical technology have the highest priority. In estimating the present company technology, utilizing the high precision machinery and equipment is at highest level, and using the planning technologies, production coordination, the copy making of equipment and parts, and also the possibility of exercising the design changes for optimum use of available items are at the lowest level.

An important of performance measurement specified for organizations and already it is playing an important role in many of them. The current priority of organizations is ensure more favorable evaluation indicators to evaluate the performance of individuals. In the meantime sales force performance is crucial indicators and pulse key in competitive market and evaluating of it on KPI is important. One of the models of performance evaluation is data envelopment analysis (DEA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the sales force with the DEA. The population of this study is Kale Company of Amol and sample of this is 20 number chosen by simple random sampling of the employees of sales department. Input oriented CCR model of DEA models was chosen and WINGO SB and Excell software were used. The results show that unit of 4, 7, 14, 17 & 18 are efficient for sale. Also by using the AP model most efficient personnel were identified.