اسماعیل نصیری هنده خاله

At the present time, tourism has become one of the most important sources of income, employment and development of social and cultural infrastructure, and it has become comprehensive and global, and it has appropriated all aspects of people's lives in urban areas (Christou & Sharpley, 2019: 39). Urban tourism, like any activity, requires the existence of components and conditions to develop in its context (Guysoy, 2002:77). The urban tourism structure of an urban place includes factors that can provide more motivation for the tourism demand of that place (Akbarian, Ramzanzadeh, 2014: 202). Shopping centers first started in America in 1950, and after that they became popular in European cities as well (Babin, 1995: 63). Today, shopping centers in commercial complexes are no longer just a place for transactions (Abaza, 2001: 483). Shopping centers, on the one hand, are part of the daily life of society (Kazemi, 2009:16). The city of Tehran is considered as one of the cities that attract tourists, which attracts tourists from inside or even outside the country in all seasons of the year according to the existing potential. This city has many capabilities to attract urban tourism. One of these places is the Opal shopping center, which is considered the largest shopping center in the northwest of Tehran. This center is located in the two municipalities of Tehran and Saadat Abad.This city has many capabilities to attract urban tourism. One of these places is the Opal shopping center, which is considered the largest shopping center in the northwest of Tehran. This center is located in the two municipalities of Tehran and Saadat Abad

Today, a new literature under the title of biophilic planning and design has become popular among urban planners. In this type of planning, the belief in the use and preservation of nature and the natural elements of the diversity of plant and animal species together at the scale of the region, city, neighborhood and The building is the biophysical design at a glance recognizing the innate human need to communicate with nature along with the sustainability of global design strategies to create environments that can really increase the quality of the environment and an innovative approach that emphasizes the importance of maintaining and improving the quality. The environment emphasizes (biophysical urban design as a creative process, plans the future projects of physical structural engineering of the city of Herat, in fact, sometimes creating an urban design project requires an optimistic view that regards the urban environment and the future The current situation is better to imagine, biophilic urban planning is not just a trend and planning, but a philosophy of urban planning theories based on biological theory, which supports psychological and health research data in the city in addition to urban aesthetics. In this way, urban planning and urban planning are creatively combined No, urban design is green.

The method of collecting information in this research is library and field, and the required information was obtained by using a survey and using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the present study consists of the residents of the historical context of Ardabil city, which was selected using Cochran's formula, and the questionnaires were randomly distributed and completed in the neighborhoods. The validity of the research questionnaires was confirmed by the urban planning professors, and Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaires. SPSS software and parametric statistical tests were used for data analysis.

The regression coefficient of improving the quality of the urban environment is equal to 0.696. Therefore, according to the respondents, 54.9% of the dispersion of indicators for improving the quality of the urban environment in Shiraz is influenced by bioflake components. In addition to this, the results of the analysis of variance related to the main indicators in the regression statistics in the table below also indicate the significance of the total of the investigated indicators. In this research, the significance level is equal to Sig=0.001 and less than 0.5. It should be added that the regression model used in this research is significant and the relationships between the variables examined in the research are confirmed. In order to determine the role and position of each of the biophilic indicators on improving the quality of the urban environment, the following table is set based on the previous variables. The results of the regression coefficients show the intensity of the influence of each biophilic component on improving the quality of the urban environment of Shiraz. Meanwhile, the index of biophilic infrastructure and conditions with a beta value of 0.623 is the strongest predictor and effective in improving the quality of the urban environment. Sub-indexes such as proximity to parks and green spaces, shapes and images used in architecture and the visual beauty of urban walls and facades, as well as the presence of water in many urban spaces of Shiraz as the most effective sub-indexes of the main index below The structures and conditions are biophilic. That is, it is expected that the relationships between the variables will be confirmed.

In order to investigate the relationship between the fixed and independent variables of the research, multivariate regression analysis has been used. The results of the regression equation between the quality indicators of the urban environment of Shiraz city and the biophilic influencing indicators show the following relationship. The above equation shows that for an increase of one unit in the total biophilic index (A) by 1.35, there will be positive changes in the urban environment quality index, and also by an increase of one unit in the index of biophilic institutions and government by 2. 28% will increase in the improvement of the quality index of the urban environment, and with the increase of one index unit in infrastructures and biophilic conditions, the improvement of the quality of the urban environment will be increased by 25%.

The present study was compiled with the aim of investigating the feasibility of urban environment quality with an emphasis on biophilic criteria in the historical context of Ardabil city. The effect of the five biophilic factors on the realization of the quality of the urban environment was investigated on functional, content and governance indicators. As the final equation shows, each unit of increase in each of the biophilic criteria leads to a 17.3% increase in the improvement of the quality of the urban environment of Shiraz. Also, for one-unit increase in the criteria of biophilic institutions and government, the infrastructure and the conditions of biophilic and economic and financial status of biophilic are 27.1%, 22.6%, 17.8% and 15.2% respectively in the quality of the urban environment of the studied area of quality improvement. Therefore, this equation confirms the effect of biophilic indicators in order to improve the quality of the urban environment in the studied area. These results are consistent with the researches of Raso Sirila and colleagues (2017), Kafi Chi and Gogorio (2020), Padre Sen (2018), and Helen Sal's studies (2016). . The results of the regression coefficients show the intensity of the influence of each biophilic component on improving the quality of the urban environment of Shiraz. Meanwhile, the index of infrastructures and biophilic conditions with a beta value of 0.623 is the most powerful and effective predictor of improving the quality of the urban environment. (2019), the studies of Ziari et al. (2018), the studies of Stra P and Lipa (2018) are aligned.

Biophilic urban design, which is based on nature and its expansion in the form and content of urban planning, is among the most important models that can be examined in the field of creating social security in urban spaces. The present research aims to investigate the impact of biophilic urban design elements on achieving social security in urban neighborhoods of Ahvaz metropolis.

First of all, existing theoretical sources were reviewed using a “library research” method. The statistical population of this research consists of citizens of urban areas of Ahvaz metropolis.  Using Cochran’s sampling method and formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed . The collected data was analyzed by SPSS. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection through a survey method. Questionnaires were the tool used for data collection. Its validity was confirmed by a panel of elite experts, and its reliability was also confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which was above 0.78.

The results showed that biophilic urban design elements in urban planning and management have a significant level of impact at the level of 0.000.

The impact of biophilic urban design indicators, including green spaces and parks, natural lighting, water, and irrigation systems, had the highest impact on social security, while other indicators ranked lower. The level of impact of biophilic urban design indicators, as well as the measurement of social security and its valuation in the studied areas, indicates that regions 1 and 2 have a high level of social security, regions 3 and 8 have a medium value of social security, and regions 5, 6, and 7; are ranked as having unstable social security.

Urban space has not only physical dimensions, but also relationships with social and symbolic aspects that . Urban space is a scene in which the role of gender is engraved, compiled and split. The public arena becomes a scene where actors and spectators change their roles in order, and here instead of the concept of urban space on a city scale It conforms to the general perception of the people (including women) of that space. In fact, the success of urban space today is evaluated and evaluated according to measuring the number of women and men users and the diversity of characteristics of people who work in these spaces.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical type and in order to collect information, qualitative and quantitative research methods (survey and researcher-made questionnaire) have been used in relation to the research topic and objectives, as well as the use of library resources and articles. The results of research findings show that sociability with T = 615, r = 0.167, P <0.05 has an effect on the quality of physical conditions and through it with T = 429, r = 0 / 15, P <0.01 has an indirect effect on women's sense of belonging in order to improve the unisex spaces of District 22. On the other hand, it was found that the variability of sociability with T = 633, r = 0.206, P <0.01 has a direct effect on women's sense of belonging in order to improve the unisex spaces of District 22. The following are suggestions from the research findings.

Earthquake is one of the most important disasters that affects cities and urban settlements and causes irreparable damage to different parts of urban areas, especially access networks. The main goal of this research is to determine the components of physical resilience with an emphasis on the access network in District 3 of Tehran. It is a library and field research, so that the indicators were selected according to the field studies and the information obtained from the investigation of the state of the access network in the strategic development plans and its comprehensive plan. The weighting of the criteria and subcriteria was done using the AHP method by filling out the questionnaire by 20 urban experts and comparing two pairs of each, and the importance of the parameters was determined according to the hierarchical analysis method with the EXPERT CHOICE E software. The results show that The resilience level of the access network is relatively low in the eastern half and southwestern half of the region.which requires attention and improvement of conditions in these areas.

The aim of this paper is to compare the effects Milak Border Market on the quality of life of citizens in Zabol City. Therefore, the main question is whether Milak Border Market has affected the quality of life of the people? if yes, which dimensions have the greatest effect?

The research approach is descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to measure the impact of Milak Border Market on the quality of life, indicators and items considered economic, social and physical dimensions, and then each of the dimensions was divided into more detailed items. Ultimately, fifteen items were evaluated and investigated. SPSS software was used for data analysis. The statistical population consists of 1298 working household heads in Milak Border Market, and the sample size was determined 254 people by using Cochran's formula.

Border Market was not same in all the aspects. Enter method regression on the impact of Milak Border Market indicated that the economic aspect with 45%, the social aspect with 37%, and the physical aspect with 22% are ranked from the highest to the lowest, respectively. Therefore, Milak Border Market has influenced the improvement of the quality of life in economic dimensions because the calculated significance level is less than alpha 05.0.

In recent years, the implementation of border markets in different scales has affected the geographical environments. The current research can provide a reliable tool for regional planners, especially in border areas. Accordingly, some suggestions were recommended at the end.

Famous cities are always trying to establish their position by relating themselves to new ideas. One of these ideas is “the creative city”. By joining the network of creative cities, cities are seeking to increase their economic power and in order to achieve this economic growth, they have begun to formulate policies and strategies, which one of them is “city branding”. The main mission of city branding is to help the growth of the cities; it is the economic of the city. If a place wants to be perceived in minds with higher qualities than other competitors and wants a function that is appropriate to its goals, it needs to create distinction through a unique image.

Data collection in this research was done using expert interview method and qualitative data analysis with the help of MAXQDA software. Through constant comparison and repeated analysis, patterns, concepts and relationships in the data were identified. The current research is a descriptive-analytical study and a survey type, which is done through two forms of documentary-library studies. In this way, theoretical studies have been used to clarify the literature of the research topic and compile the theoretical foundations as well as the records of the research. These datas mentioned above have been all written referring to libraries and books. The method used in the current research, based on which the theory is formed from the concepts obtained from the data, is a foundational data theory,

This strategy is based on three elements: concepts, categories, theorems. Because this theory is grounded in data, it provides a better explanation than a theory that is adapted from existing opinions; it is more appropriate to the situation. Generally, in the foundational data theory method, documents and data are examined in three ways. Some researchers study the data phrase by phrase and line by line and extract the concepts contained in them. Some also focus on the paragraphs and take the message contained in each paragraph and clause, and in some cases the entire text or document is considered with a general view and the concepts hidden in it are discovered and recorded. A combination of these methods has been used. In this way, the initial interviews were reviewed line by line, and after identifying the initial codes, conceptual labels were considered for them. This work continued until the twelfth interview, and after that, due to the repetition of many codes, the paragraphs were the focus of the analysis, and the new points raised in a paragraph were recorded as a code.

The results of data analysis and conceptualization of expressions are listed in Table 2. In this table, an attempt has been made to avoid duplicate codes, and codes that are similar or very close have also been avoided. In addition, during the open coding process, maximum effort was made to use the concepts raised by the interviewees themselves, and in cases where this was not possible, the researcher used the technical concepts of the field literature. In the foundational data theory method, in order to achieve abstract concepts that can be a good description of the central phenomenon, the primary data and codes are repeatedly evaluated and compared continuously, and efforts are made to organize the primary codes that are semantically more similar in the form of single concepts, and then the concepts obtained based on the conceptual structure in the form of categories. Based on the coding done, 52 open codes were extracted and deduced. As explained in the previous lines, after detailed analysis and continuous comparisons based on semantic similarities, the data obtained from the interviews were upgraded to more abstract levels and finally placed in general classes. In this section, based on what the participants in the research have expressed, each of these classes will be described and adapted to the subject literature at the same time. Finally, by planning and implementing appropriate solutions, Karaj City can be transformed into a creative and sustainable city.

Infrastructures, services and urban areas are generally damaged by the occurrence of crises and suffer different degrees of damage based on their nature, structure and proximity to insecure areas. Risk reduction programs should seek to create and strengthen the characteristics of resilient communities. and pay attention to the concept of resilience in the process of crisis management as one of the most important factors for realizing sustainability. The high vulnerability of cities to earthquakes and insufficient attention to the role of communication networks in reducing the effects of earthquakes is the most important necessity of this research. As one of the most important infrastructure fortifications, they play an important role in reducing or increasing damage caused by natural disasters such as earthquakes. The communication network of the city plays a critical role in increasing the resilience of the city in times of crisis. If the communication network of the city is not damaged after the occurrence of unexpected incidents and maintains its efficiency, the casualties of these types of incidents will be greatly reduced.

The research is a combination of descriptive-analytical methods and field study. After the field study and library, theoretical foundations were collected and the geographical information system was used to prepare the necessary maps. The statistical community of the present research consists of 30 experts and specialists in the field of urban planning. It is worth mentioning that the identified statistical community was available to 30 people, and the minimum number of questionnaires required was set at 28 items. In this research, data analysis method was used according to the objectives and available facilities. For this purpose, the collected data were first ranked in the hierarchical evaluation analysis and then digitally stored using ARC GIS software, which led to the preparation of factor maps and distance maps. Information and data analysis were performed in ARC GIS software.

One of the main communication routes of the province are east-west roads, which are Tehran-Karaj and Karaj-Qazvin highways and Karaj metro station, which is located in the study area. The eastern part of this road, that is, Azad Road, Tehran-Karaj, and parts of this road that have bridges and non-level intersections, have little resilience. Also, the existence of the old Karaj-Qazvin road parallel to the freeway of Karaj-Qazvin has created an alternative way in times of crisis for this freeway, which is one of the strengths of the roads in this area. The society is in a time of crisis, when the demand for its use sometimes increases to several times in normal conditions, in this regard, quick and easy access to these centers becomes more important in times of crisis. One of the most important functions of open spaces during the occurrence of a crisis is to separate one area with potential danger from another, thus concentrating the activity of destructive forces and preventing the development of a chain of events. Also, green and open spaces play an important role in reducing the effects and results of most natural and artificial accidents..Other open spaces of the city, such as squares, access networks, open environment of public buildings and gardens are also in this direction.

In this research, the parameters that were effective in the resilience of roads were investigated and based on the way these criteria are influenced, they were normalized, and their influence weight was obtained according to the figure below using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis weighting model. And finally, for the overall overlap, after preparation and standardization according to the mentioned methods, it entered the Fuzzy Overlay model to identify the areas that have worn texture conditions. Figures 7 and 8 show the final map resulting from the integration. The final map shows the transportation network resulting from the fuzzy data. According to the resilience of the roads (the presence of open and empty space, lack of concentration of the structure, the number of floors, low population density and width of roads) and the communication routes between the crisis management centers, in fact, include the 1st grade emergency roads of the region, sugar factory roads, Misbah intersection, Haft Tir intersection and Imam Hossein square and Karaj metro. Due to being located in the communication routes between security centers, fire fighting centers, medical and aid centers and the level of overall resilience, these places are included.

According to the results obtained from the extent and scope of the vulnerability of the use of open and green space, the central localities of the region (Masbah, Heft Tir and Sassani) have the highest level of vulnerability and other localities have an almost favorable situation and position, which should be improved with more attention. The uses located in these areas should be looked at so that the current situation can be preserved or even the level of vulnerability of these uses can be reduced by applying and implementing the criteria in urban land use planning. Also, in the central and northern areas of the region, necessary measures should be taken regarding the transfer and relocation of threatened uses or reducing the traffic load of such threatened uses. It is noted that by adopting such considerations, the destructive and harmful effects of accidents or even terrorist operations in this area will be prevented and the damage to the city will be minimized. A number of vulnerable bridges in the region and their high density in the main line of the communication network have cut off the flow of the network and make rescue operations difficult. There is a lot of traffic on the roads in the region and this will make relief operations during the crisis more difficult.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the effects of the elements of good urban governance on the partial realization of security dimensions in the urban space, a case study of the 9th district of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The data collection tool in this research was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Its validity was done by the formal method and its reliability was done by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the research was the citizens living in the urban area of District 9 of Tehran, and the sample size was considered to be 384 people using Cochran's formula. The findings of the research indicateimprovement in the target areas is very different from each other. T There is a significant correlation between the indicators of good urban governance with the index of transparency, justice and fairness, as well as effectiveness at a low level, and among the indicators of participation, consensus building at a medium level, as well as between the indicators of the rule of law, accountability, and efficiency at a higher level. The total results have shown that the degree of predictability of good urban governance indicators is different in the surveyed localities, so that the industrial areas of Fatah, Shahid Dastghaib have a positive index coefficient, and localities such as Imamzadeh Abdullah and Shamshimiri have a positive index coefficient. Average and the neighborhoods of South Mehrabad, Sar Asiyab, Ostad Moin and Dr. Hoshiar have a negative regression coefficient.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of physical-environmental components on social stability in the Ban Borz neighborhood of Ilam City. This city has recently enjoyed significant population and physical growth. Among the results of this rapid heterogeneous growth is the formation of informal residential areas in this city. The present article has been done with the analytical descriptive method and the method of collecting information in a library and field with the help of a questionnaire. The independent variable is physical-environmental indicators, and the dependent variable of this research is social sustainability indicators. The statistical population of the research is made up of the residents of the Ban Borez neighborhood of Ilam City, and the sampling method was random. Based on Cochran's formula, the number of samples was determined to be 384. Pearson's correlation test, regression analysis, and ANOVA were used to analyze the data in SPSS software. The variables of space form, permeability, and green space in total predict 78.8% of the changes in social sustainability. The highest significant correlation is related to form and space (P> 0.01, r = 0.0542), and the lowest correlation coefficient is related to the enclosure component (P> 0.01, r = 0.0438). The impact of physical-environmental variables showed that all six variables (space form, permeability, flooring and urban furniture, green space, enclosure, coloring, and building appearance) have a direct impact on social sustainability in the study area. The results of the regression analysis also showed that, in general, there is a direct and statistically significant connection between the components of physical-environmental components and social sustainability.

District 20 of Tehran Municipality is characterized as a less developed region attributable to factors such as insufficient smart infrastructure and the absence of a coherent vision for smart city infrastructure advancement. The primary objective of this research was to develop a comprehensive management framework for spatial data infrastructure integrated with a smart city approach within District 20 of Tehran.

This investigation, carried out between 2023 and 2024, was divided into qualitative and quantitative phases, with a particular focus on District 20 in Tehran. The study's sample size comprised 16 experts, and data collection methods encompassed semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. During the qualitative phase, the components essential for managing spatial data infrastructure in the context of a smart city were identified through an extensive review of existing literature. Subsequently, following adjustments based on expert feedback, a total of 12 components were validated. In the quantitative phase, structural equation modeling was employed to delineate the network of relationships and interactions, culminating in the presentation of the final model.

The formulation of policies for spatial data infrastructure was recognized as the most influential component at the highest echelon. Factors such as the utilization extent of spatial data, the quantity of electronic service centers, data update frequencies, cooperation and synchronization among the authorities of Rey Governorate, Rey Municipality, and Tehran Municipality in the realms of spatial data production, standardization, and distribution, along with the element of collaboration and synchronization with other entities categorized as data users, were positioned as influential components at the lowest tier.

The policies and criteria established within the domain of spatial data infrastructure possess the most significant influence on other elements.

Choosing the right place is one of the most important decisions to make any plan and project that requires research on the place from different perspectives. Because resource management requires real information, a large amount of detailed information must be collected, combined, and analyzed to nominate different locations, in order to properly assess the factors that may influence the selection. Due to the fact that District 7 is one of the most important population and traffic centers in the metropolis of Tehran and needs more attention from various aspects such as urban studies and urban planning, parking location in this area has been selected as a case study.

In this research, by preparing data and performing location operations for multi-storey car parks, the most suitable uses for creating such spaces are urban uses and the network of roads. Therefore, with the analysis performed in AHP method.

Considering that District 7 is one of the important population and traffic centers of Tehran metropolis and needs more attention from various aspects such as urban studies and urban planning, the results obtained from the weighting of criteria, the most weight to use Bayerand then allocated to the road network. Considering the importance and privilege that Bayer users get in this location, and also considering that the network of passages in locating multi-storey car parks, because it facilitates access conditions, has the highest score after Bayer.

Senior tourism is receiving a lot of attention due to its capabilities and competitive advantages. Qom city is the second largest pilgrimage center in the country in national level, a potential market that can use its competitive advantage in attracting senior tourists by removing barriers of seniors’ travel.The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for identifying the direct and indirect impacts of barriers affecting the development of senior tourism in Qom city. The barriers to senior tourism development are classified into four main sectors of economic, social and cultural, managerial and organizational, government attitudes. This research is an applied research and the method is descriptive-analytical. Survey and library methods were used for data collection. The statistical population of the study consists of senior tourists and experts in tourism. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results indicated that four factors have a positive effect on the lack of development of senior tourism. The results of T-test also showed that all barriers were higher than the criterion level at the significant level of 0.05 and the highest mean is allocated to economic barriers (5.17) and lowest mean to managerial and organizational barriers (2.10). The most influential factor on the lack of development of senior tourism is economic barriers (with beta coefficient of 0.643) which explains 52% of the variance of senior tourism lack of development. The Tolerance coefficient of 0.923 also indicates that economic barriers are strong predictor and criterion.

The present study was compiled with the aim of identifying and measuring the factors influencing the choice of urban tourism destinations in coastal areas. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection, it is survey and correlational.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The statistical population is the tourists who were available in the tourist places of Astara city in Gilan province in August 2017. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were checked and SPSS and non-parametric statistical tests were used to analyze the data.

According to the research findings, the effect of brand association on destination choiceTourism, path coefficients of 0.89 were obtained, which shows the positive effect between these factors. According to the T statistic (19), it is significant at the 95% level, and this point indicates that perceived quality explains the choice of tourist destination by 0.76. The linear relationship between the components is significant (p ≤ 0.000) The analysis of the regression equation also shows that among the factors influencing the choice in the tourist destination, respectively, the perceived quality of the destination brand (p = 0.0518, β = 4.01) and the association of the destination brand ( p = 0.0356, β = 2.06) have the greatest effect in the tourist destination.

 The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the effective factors in the tourist destination. Perceived quality is the main factor in choosing a tourist destination and has a significant impact on other brand dimensions. The perceived quality index in the tourist destination directly affects the choice of the tourist destination.

Throughout history, nature has always exhibited its harsh face to human beings via destructive phenomena like avalanches, floods, volcanoes, earthquakes, etc. These disasters and dangers are part of life, always threatening humankind. With the human societies’ intellectual growth as well as the understanding of the causes of accidents, human being strived to find ways to deal with and reduce risks.Given its proximity to the active fault in the north of Karaj metropolis (Iran) and its unbalanced development, as well as its migrability, this city has old, worn-out, and marginalized structures, particularly in the areas adjacent to its potential northern fault.In recent years, the establishment of crisis management support bases has been placed on the agenda of the metropolises’ organizations for crisis prevention and management. One of the significant things prior to establishing these bases is to study, check, and select the suitable geographical location for establishing this type of application. This is an applied research in terms of purpose, carried out by descriptive-analytical method.In the present research, it is tried to examine the effective factors and criteria to identify the suitable place for the establishment of the central crisis management support base in city of Karaj through using the available resources.The current research is mainly aimed at investigating the feasibility of establishing a central crisis management support base in Karaj metropolis and selecting the most appropriate place to establish this base.This study seeks to answer the questions below:1- What are the effective parameters and factors of location to optimally select the location of the central crisis management support base in Karaj metropolis?2- Where is the most suitable place to establish the central crisis management support base in Karaj metropolis?

In the present study, we were aimed at finding the best location for establishing the central crisis management support base in Karaj metropolis.Initially, the current situation of Karaj metropolis was investigated from the physical and social viewpoints. Subsequently, using library studies as well as the crisis management experts and scholars’ opinions, the factors and parameters effective in the optimal location of the central crisis management support base in Karaj metropolis were identified. Moreover, the privacy and criteria for each of the identified layers in locating the bases were considered to accordingly identify the appropriate locations for the establishment of the central crisis management support base in Karaj.Furthermore, AHP model was employed to specify each of the criteria’s importance and value and effective elements in decision-making; the weight of each of the decision elements was also determined by Hierarchical Analysis Process method and Expert Choice software. Finally, combining the layers led to obtaining the general location map of the central crisis management support bases in Karaj metropolis.

After specifying the effective natural and human criteria, these criteria were weighted through using the pairwise comparison technique (analytical hierarchy process/AHP) and the Expert Choice software.In the following step, all information layers were combined in the Geographical Information System (GIS) and the location map of the central crisis management support base in Karaj was classified into five classes (strongly suitable, suitable, medium, unsuitable, and strongly unsuitable) and five positions were introduced as the recommended places to establish this base.The eastern region of Karaj was classified in the unsuitable to medium range in terms of creating the crisis management support base.The base location is among the considerable important parameters in the location of bases. The base location should be located in the geometric center of the region so that it is quickly and easily accessible throughout the region.

According to the expert opinions and reviewing the available documents and studies, the following five criteria were determined to select the ideal location: Road access network Gravity and geographic centrality Land with a larger and more appropriate area (more than 2000 m2) Distance from the fault Proximity to the hospital Besides, using AHP method, after determining the hierarchy levels including the purpose, criteria, and options, a pairwise comparison between the sets was performed for weighting. The criteria were compared two by two according to the purpose, and pairwise comparisons were performed based on the 1-9 range of scores.The overall comparison of the options was performed with respect to the goal and after weighting all the criteria and options; the comparisons’ results were then presented in the form of weight charts; ultimately, the final location map was determined through selecting the option having the most weight among the five options.Investigation of the five final options based on the determined indicators resulted in the selection of an area near Shahid Kalantari Terminal of Karaj as the best location to establish a support base for the central crisis management support base in Karaj metropolis.

in Sarein city, which is done using Hofstede culture model and Padma service quality model. The statistical population of this study includes all domestic tourists who entered the city of Sarein in the period of June and early July of 2018. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and out of 400 distributed questionnaires, 372 people answered the questionnaires. Structural equations and LISREL software were used for data analysis. The results show that the relationship between pleasure-seeking/self-control and perceived quality of health tourism services The globalization of healthcare has led to the emergence of a new form of tourism known as health tourism. Given the special importance of tourism and especially health tourism and the resulting economic benefits, the quality factor can be important and fundamental. Among the factors that can affect the quality of health tourism services are cultural values. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of cultural values ​​on the perceived quality of health tourism services is significant and positive. Also, a positive and significant relationship between long-term/ short-term orientation, degree of ambiguity acceptance, power distance, masculinity/ feminism and individualism/collectivism with the perceived quality of health tourism services was confirmed.

Today, urban management aims to achieve social welfare for all citizens, to find ways to improve the standard of living and ways to receive public services, and finally to provide the basic needs of urban society. This research aims to measure the performance variables of urban management regarding citizens' access to social welfare indicators in the 18th district of Tehran. The research method is "content analysis" and "survey". Data were collected using a questionnaire. SPSS and GIS software were used for data analysis. Based on the results of the integrated model of the average ranks in this research, the performance of urban management and its effect on the level of welfare of citizens using TOPSIS, FAZI, VIKOR and WASPAS models showed that the health neighbourhoods, Valiasr North, Sahibulzaman, and Valiasr South are in the rank of enjoyment. The areas of Ferdous Town, Imam Khomeini Town, Hefdeh Shahrivar, and Shahid Rajaei are in the category of semi-enjoyed urban welfare. The neighbourhoods of Yaftabad, and Shamsabad, are in the category of low enjoyment, and the neighbourhoods of Khaleej Fars and Sadeghieh are also in the rank of not enjoying urban welfare. A significant difference higher than 0.05 indicates that in Sadeghieh neighbourhoods with an average difference of -5.2, Gulf of Fars with an average difference of -4.88, and Shamsabad neighbourhood with an average difference of -4.83, the most dissatisfaction of citizens is seen. The indicators of the physical dimensions are different in the studied localities and health localities with an average difference (-0.27), Northern Valiasr (-0.32), Sahibul Zaman (-0.34), Southern Valiasr (-0.41) with a smaller difference and At a significance level higher than 0.05, it indicates that the performance of urban management in the welfare of citizens has been more than other localities

Security is a concept that finds meaning in urban societies. Without a sense of security, no urban space will be a place for the presence and social interactions of citizens. The purpose of this research is to compare the factors affecting the feeling of security in the informal settlements of Karaj metropolis. In this research, after examining the related theoretical bases, the components of "life security, dignity security, financial security" were obtained as indicators affecting the sense of security in the informal settlements of Karaj metropolis. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The data collection tool in this research was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. whose validity was done by formal method and its reliability was done by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the research was the citizens of the informal settlements of Karaj metropolis, and the sample size was considered to be 384 people using Cochran's formula. Kalak has the lowest sense of life security and Islamabad neighborhood has the highest level of security and sense of life security. It should be noted that the highest average rating of the feeling of financial security is related to the neighborhood of Islamabad and the lowest is related to the neighborhood of Kalak. The investigated neighborhoods have significant differences in terms of the importance of life. The highest sense of life safety is related to Islamabad and the lowest is related to Qazalhasar neighborhood.

Urban form is a container where urban activities take place, the importance of the city form is due to the functions it has for the residents of a city.  The connection of the components of urban prosperity and urban form is evident, so they can be improved by each other.  

This study aims to explain the relationship between the elements of the urban physical form and the feasibility of urban prosperity in Lahijan City. Therefore, the research has investigated the effects of these indicators (density, connection, mixing, communication networks and transportation, spatial distribution of activities) on the feasibility of the urban prosperity index.

This research has an analytical-descriptive approach using factor analysis. Also, for data analysis, one-sample T-test and SPSS software were used.

Geographical Context:

 Lahijan is a city in the east of Gilan Province, which is adjacent to the Caspian Sea from the north, Langerood from the east, Deylaman from the south, Siahkal from the southwest, and Astana Ashrafieh from the west. Its population was reported as 167,544 in the 2016 census.

The findings show that the highest score of 88.3 belongs to the spatial distribution of activities. The lowest score is 2.19 that belongs to connection and spatial communication. The specific value of the corresponding variance shows that the first to third factors (spatial distribution of activities, communication network and transportation and density) together account for 96.66% of the variance.  The density factor accounts for 16.233% of the total variance of the influencing factors on the realization of urban prosperity.

The first and second factors, or the spatial distribution of activities and the communication and transportation network explain 49.966 percent of the realizable amount of urban prosperity in the studied area. Therefore, the more the impact of the urban physical form, the more the realization of urban prosperity in the studied area.

The vulnerability of informal settlements to environmental hazards reveals the importance of paying attention to resilience. Resilience is considered a form of foresight due to the dynamic nature of society's response to risks. Accordingly, this issue is one of the ways to reduce risk and vulnerability in human settlements. This research has been carried out to identify physical factors affecting the creation of resilient neighborhoods in the areas involved with informal settlements in Hamedan city against environmental hazards. The research indicators were evaluated in five spectrums of user index, density index, access index, physical structure index, and road network. The present research method is practical in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method, and to collect information and data, documentary and field method (questionnaire) has been used. The results show that the level of resilience of informal settlements in Hamedan city is lower than the average level and the first factor i.e. building resistance has the biggest role in explaining the improvement of resilience of informal settlements in Hamedan city. This factor can be successful in dealing with and adapting to resilience. Among the identified factors, the density factor does not affect improving the resilience of informal settlements, and other factors have a direct and positive effect.

Resilience as a new concept in sustainability literature has created a new understanding of the relationship between man and the environment. Resilience is derived from biological discipline, which determines an organism's ability to withstand and recover from a shock, disaster, or disease. The present study evaluates the effect of perceptual-visual components on the resilience of the urban landscape of Rasht metropolis. Method of collecting information in two ways; Documentary and field is a questionnaire and interview. The independent variables of this research are functional, aesthetic, form and morphological, environmental and dependent variables of landscape resilience research. The questionnaire used in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts (professors and experts in the field of urban landscape). The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires and distributed by simple random sampling. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the data in SPSS software. The results showed that considering that the variables of perceptual-visual quality components (including functional, experimental and aesthetic components, form and morphology, environment) with the dependent variable of this study (comparative perspective) have a correlation coefficient. Is 0.568. The adjusted coefficient figure in this study also indicates that 76% of the changes related to the resilient landscape in environmental variables, form and morphology and aesthetics can be explained. The study of tolerance coefficients shows that the environmental variables of form, morphology and aesthetics have the highest coefficients with 0.452, 0.328 and 0.312, respectively, and act as a predictor variable compared to other variables. Therefore, it can be added that the components of perceptual-visual quality affect the patient perspective. The adjusted coefficient figure in this study indicates that 76% of the changes related to the resilient landscape in environmental variables, form and morphology and aesthetics can be explained.

Landslides are crucial geomorphological hazards that cause much damage to natural resources, agriculture and construction activities and have many economic and social effects.

Purpose of the research: 

This research was conducted to identify the effective factors in creating landslides and determine the areas prone to landslides to prevent the occurrence of landslides using the LNRF method.

In this research, after collecting basic information, a digital elevation model (DEM) and topographic maps were used in order to create information layers of a slope, slope direction, and height, and after cutting the active maps with the distribution map of landslides, LNRF for Each map unit was calculated.

Geographical area of research:

 The study area of this research is Taleghan basin, one of the cities of Alborz Province, which is located 120 km northwest of Tehran.

At first, parameters such as slope, slope direction, height, distance from the fault, distance from the road, distance from the river, geology and land use as effective factors in the environment of geographic information systems (GIS) were prepared and digitized. Then the distribution map of landslides was then prepared using a geological map with a scale of 1:100,000, field visits, and a global positioning system. Using the relationships governing the model, the weight of each effective factor, which indicates their impact in causing landslides, has been calculated.

The results showed that the most influential variables in the occurrence and prediction of the risk of landslides are slope, slope direction, Neogene and Quaternary marls and the use of medium-density pastures. On the other hand, the zoning of landslide risk and the examination of very high-risk zones showed that about almost half of landslides occurred in 36% of the total area of the study area.

During the last 20 years, Gilan province has always been at the center of immigration and population growth in big and small cities. The city of Bandar Anzali has also been severely affected by the mentioned conditions, so that it has increasingly expanded towards its surroundings during recent decades. The phenomenon of creeping in Anzali city is increasing and it has become the basis for physical-spatial changes in the peri-urban settlements of these areas. The physical expansion of the city of Bandar Anzali has caused the annexation of settlements and their integration. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the various dimensions of the effects of the urban creep of Bandar Anzali on the physical-spatial stability of peri-urban settlements in the physical-infrastructural, social and cultural, economic and environmental dimensions. The results show that there is a correlation between the indices of urban creep and the stability of the studied settlements with a coefficient of 0.638. The adjusted coefficient of determination also shows that 64.8 is the stability of rural settlements through the linear combination of four indicators. Added value of land, improvement of economic status, optimal access to services, diversity in spatial structure, vitality have a greater contribution than other sub-criteria in predicting the dependent variable compared to other variables, and the least effective in the environmental field with the sub-criteria of cleaning and waste. , environmental pollution and the landscape of green space are observed. The physical index had the greatest impact on the sustainability of the studied peri-urban settlements, and the environmental index with a coefficient of 0.352 had the least impact on sustainability

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the second homes on the physical and economic development of rural settlements in Hendeh Khaleh Rural District of Someh Sara County.

The research method was descriptive-analytical. The main part of the data was obtained by a survey and interviews. The statistical population of this study is the villages of Hendeh Khaleh Rural District. Based on the estimation of the sample size using Cochran's formula, the sample size was detemined to be 385 of the heads of households. The independent variable (second home tourism) and the dependent variables (physical and economic development of rural settlements) for Hendeh Khaleh Rural District were analyzed in SPSS software.

The findings of statistical tests show that second homes have caused physical and economic changes in Hendeh Khaleh Rural District. Second home tourism had influenced physical components, especially the indicators of “improvement of facilities and amenities”, and “increasing the construction”. The villages of Sofiandeh, Hendeh Khaleh, Now Khaleh Jafari and Akbari, Siah Darvishan, Lakesar had the highest number of built villas. The villages of Sheykhmahale, Kishestan, Lakesar, and Nargestan had the highest ranks in earning income from having houses to rent. The highest distance from the optimal limit regarding the physical components is for “increasing the construction” (1.89) and regarding the economic components is for “earning income from having the house to rent” (1.83).

Providing a comprehensive review of all related literature, this study may help the researchers in choosing the appropriate method for planning the development of second home tourism as a strategy of development policies.

This resaerch is the first study conducted about the impact of the second homes on the physical expansion in Hendeh Khaleh Rural District, which examined the relationship between the creation of the second homes and physical and economic development together.

The feeling of security of tourists in the historical spaces of the city is undeniable, so security is one of the most effective indicators of attracting tourists in such urban spaces. Among the factors influencing the safety of tourists, the physical components of the city's historical fabric are of particular importance that have received less attention. Therefore, attention to the physical structure in such spaces can greatly affect the sense of security and attraction of tourists, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting security in historical contexts in Yazd. With its historical tourist attractions, the city attracts a large number of tourists every year. The present study is analytical in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method - descriptive using questionnaire tools. The statistical population of the study consists of all tourists, the number of sample size was calculated using the access method of 384 people. The validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts in the field of urban tourism, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.748. SPSS software was used to analyze the data from survey studies. According to the research results, all physical components (quality of passages, furniture and vegetation, texture and readability of texture, user and physical diversity) affect the security of tourists. Calculations showed that the variables of texture and readability of the texture with 0.328 Beta = and physical and user diversity are stronger predictors than other variables.The feeling of security of tourists in the historical spaces of the city is undeniable, so security is one of the most effective indicators of attracting tourists in such urban spaces. Among the factors influencing the safety of tourists, the physical components of the city's historical fabric are of particular importance that have received less attention. Therefore, attention to the physical structure in such spaces can greatly affect the sense of security and attraction of tourists, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting security in historical contexts in Yazd. With its historical tourist attractions, the city attracts a large number of tourists every year. The present study is analytical in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method - descriptive using questionnaire tools. The statistical population of the study consists of all tourists, the number of sample size was calculated using the access method of 384 people. The validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts in the field of urban tourism, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.748. SPSS software was used to analyze the data from survey studies. According to the research results, all physical components (quality of passages, furniture and vegetation, texture and readability of texture, user and physical diversity) affect the security of tourists. Calculations showed that the variables of texture and readability of the texture with 0.328 Beta = and physical and user diversity are stronger predictors than other variables.The feeling of security of tourists in the historical spaces of the city is undeniable, so security is one of the most effective indicators of attracting tourists in such urban spaces. Among the factors influencing the safety of tourists, the physical components of the city's historical fabric are of particular importance that have received less attention. Therefore, attention to the physical structure in such spaces can greatly affect the sense of security and attraction of tourists, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting security in historical contexts in Yazd. With its historical tourist attractions, the city attracts a large number of tourists every year. The present study is analytical in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method - descriptive using questionnaire tools. The statistical population of the study consists of all tourists, the number of sample size was calculated using the access method of 384 people. The validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts in the field of urban tourism, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.748. SPSS software was used to analyze the data from survey studies. According to the research results, all physical components (quality of passages, furniture and vegetation, texture and readability of texture, user and physical diversity) affect the security of tourists. Calculations showed that the variables of texture and readability of the texture with 0.328 Beta = and physical and user diversity are stronger predictors than other variables.The feeling of security of tourists in the historical spaces of the city is undeniable, so security is one of the most effective indicators of attracting tourists in such urban spaces. Among the factors influencing the safety of tourists, the physical components of the city's historical fabric are of particular importance that have received less attention. Therefore, attention to the physical structure in such spaces can greatly affect the sense of security and attraction of tourists, so the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting security in historical contexts in Yazd. With its historical tourist attractions, the city attracts a large number of tourists every year. The present study is analytical in terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and method - descriptive using questionnaire tools. The statistical population of the study consists of all tourists, the number of sample size was calculated using the access method of 384 people. The validity of the questionnaire questions was confirmed by professors and experts in the field of urban tourism, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test of 0.748. SPSS software was used to analyze the data from survey studies. According to the research results, all physical components (quality of passages, furniture and vegetation, texture and readability of texture, user and physical diversity) affect the security of tourists. Calculations showed that the variables of texture and readability of the texture with 0.328 Beta = and physical and user diversity are stronger predictors than other variables.