فهرست مطالب اسماعیل وزیری

The existing information and communication technologies have provided a platform through which researchers are able to share even the data used in their research, which may have been difficult to obtain, with other researchers and others to reuse and reanalyze. The purpose of this research is to investigate the situation of Iranian Basic Science researchers in sharing and reusing research data.

In terms of purpose, this research was applied and carried out with a quantitative approach and in a survey way. The research community was formed by researchers in the field of Basic Sciences who had articles in the Web of Science database in 2021. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire designed electronically based on the relevant literature. Sample society consisted of 309 Basic Science researchers participated in this study. SPSS software was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that more than 64 percent of researchers do not have the experience of sharing research data. Individual, cultural and behavioral, legal, and political factors affecting the sharing of research data are in a favorable situation, but organizational and technical factors are in an unfavorable situation. No difference was observed between individual, technical, cultural and political, organizational, legal and political factors with the demographic variables of the research, except in some cases in the gender variable. The researchers of this field are familiar with this concept to a great extent and a positive attitude of this concept has been formed in their minds and they have developed a desire to do it if the conditions are available. However, technically, organizationally, and structurally, the conditions are not yet available. The relevant laws, regulations and instructions have not been prepared, material and spiritual stimuli have not been created in the relevant organizations and institutions, and the hardware and software technical infrastructures and required standards have not been provided.

Despite the fact that there is a positive attitude among Basic Science researchers for sharing and reusing research data, it is not technically and organizationally possible to realize it; Therefore, formal and informal working groups should be created among researchers and they should work in the field of raising awareness about sharing research data and related matters, educational campaigns should be created in order to create a culture of data sharing in scientific and academic centers, conferences and awareness sessions on the benefits of sharing research data and requirements for its implementation should be held for managers and related officials in scientific and research centers of the country, necessary hardware and software technical infrastructures should be created in scientific databases and organizational repositories to facilitate storage and long-term protection of data, how to use the existing systems to share research data with various methods and continuously should be taught, the rules and regulations of sharing research data as well as their reuse should be formulated in compliance with research ethics, and various material incentives should be considered for researchers who share their research data.

The development of information and communication technologies has made it possible to reuse the research data of researchers in conducting new studies. Data sharing occurs when scientists make their data available for use by other researchers to conduct research or other research activities. The current research aimed to investigate the status of research data sharing among researchers in Iran in the technical and engineering fields from the individual, organizational and technical dimensions.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of the data collection method. The research population consisted of Iranian researchers in the field of engineering in Iran who had scientific production in the WOS database in 2021. Due to the lack of email registration of all the authors, it was not possible to accurately estimate the statistical population. Therefore, to determine the statistical sample using Cochran's formula, 411 people were randomly selected from the population. The data collection tool was a questionnaire designed electronically and sent to the statistical sample. SPSS software was used to analyze the findings.

The results showed that organizational and technical factors have a significant effect on the individual's behavior in sharing research data. Technical factors had a greater impact on individual behavior than organizational factors. Individual factors had no significant effect on data-sharing behavior. Also, the relationship between hidden technical and organizational factors was positive and significant. In addition, the findings showed that gender has a significant effect on individual factors and researchers' job has a significant effect on organizational factors. There was no significant difference between demographic variables including age, work experience, academic rank and degree, and technical, organizational, and individual factors. In addition, the research results showed that many researchers consider the concern about the time-consuming nature of data, misusing, and misinterpreting shared data as reasons for not wanting to share research data. Despite the requirement for the researchers in this field to deliver the research data and the relative provision of hardware and infrastructure facilities to implement this, the appropriate training courses for training management and data sharing are not conducted by the organizations.There was no adequate financial or intellectual support, and no proper infrastructure for sharing data in publications. Technical factors affecting the sharing of research data, such as the familiarity and use of metadata standards for data sharing and accessibility, as well as the familiarity and use of thematic, public, and organizational repositories were in an unfavorable situation.

Considering the research results and the research data sharing and related factors among the researchers in the field of engineering and technology have been neglected, it is necessary for the research stakeholders in the field of technology and engineering to receive appropriate organizational, technical and financial support in order to increase knowledge and willingness of researchers to share data. Furthermore, creating culture-building and understanding the capabilities of research data is also required to provide the necessary training to researchers in the field of engineering.

Data sharing is considered as a hot topic and a norm in many scientific fields. But it seems that, it was neglected in Iranian Medical fields. This research aiming to identify relevant factors in data sharing. With using semi-structured interview, survey and DEMATEL techniques, the present study identified the influencing factors affecting data sharing. The sample population consisted of 14 experienced Iranian medical researchers in data sharing. The results showed that, education, budgeting, attitudes, and institutional requirements were the most influential factors among others and were pure casual factors. In view of Iranian medical researchers, budgeting and organizational supports had the highest effect on authorship, structures, attitudes, ownership and their trust. Co-authorship, trust among the researchers and research system, legal issues like ownership, and the conditions of data access were not strong casual nor strong effect variables in this research, but had important role in data sharing and should be more considered. Identifying factors influencing data sharing enhance and strengthen data sharing and facilitate movement towards data-driven researches, and scientific communities could apply the advantages of data sharing.

the present study aimed at reviewing the public libraries under the agencies of the Public Libraries of the country services to disabled (physically disabled, blind and visually impaired, deaf and hard of hearing people).

 the methodology used in this study is a survey with descriptive and inferential statistics done in a definite time. The research population of this stage consisted of all public libraries under the agencies of the Public Libraries of the country. The researcher-development questionnaire was a Data gathering tool and used SPSS 23 software for analyzing data.

The results showed that in the category of providing services to different groups of the disabled, 50% of libraries provide services to the physically disabled, but only 11% of libraries provide services to the deaf and hard of hearing, and 12% provide services to the blind and visually impaired people. The results of the survey of public libraries based on 7 groups of services and activities include library accessibility and physical structure, advertising and service development, collection, policy and budget, services, information technology and equipment, and staff training required by the disabled, showed that the situation of the services was under average. The highest average related to library accessibility and physical structure (2.49) and staff training (1.49) was the lowest average among the public library services. In policy and budget groups, the manager’s support for delivering services to the disabled is in the first rank. In the group of library accessibility and physical structure, most of the libraries (84.9%) are equipped with suitable light and only 7.7% of them had toilets. In the advertising and service development group, informing activities and library programs through multiple channels was the most important factor. In the staff training group, most of the libraries suffer from qualified librarians. the familiarity of librarians and managers with the types of disabilities and the services they need and the existence of trained librarians are not in good condition )1.44). In the category of equipment required, the most important equipment was scanner that existed in 632 libraries (6.2%).

Libraries must pay attention to the needs and expectations of people with disabilities. The study of the status of public libraries in providing services to the disabled has not been done to such an extent. The findings of this study can pave the way for public library administrators, and librarians to provide better services to this group of society.

Considering the increased growth of the elderly population in the country and their problems in the society, using appropriate programs to empower and improve their health and quality of life would be necessary. A prerequisite for such a measure is to identify the needs and expectations of the elderly. The present study aimed at the prioritization of the needs, expectations and wants of the elderly from public libraries.

This is an applied study conducted using the cross-sectional methodology which sought to assess the needs and expectations of the elderly from public libraries using an author-made questionnaire. The study population includes 303 older adults from all over the country who were selected by available sampling.

The analysis of results showed that the needs and expectations of the elderly from the public libraries can be classified into three general categories: "required information resources", "expected services and programs", and "required equipments and facilities". The result of Friedman's test in order to prioritize the factors showed that there was a significant relation among the means of the mentioned categories. Findings showed that in the "resources" category, the elderly considered the resources related to healthcare, medicine, nutrition and diet and those related to historical stories and novels to be of higher importance, while legal and financial resources were considered to be of lower importance. In terms of services, "respect for the elderly in librarians", "life skills and psychology courses" and "free internet access in the library" were the first three major requirements, while "book-reading sessions, "book reading and critique sessions" were less important. In terms of required equipment and facilities, the presence of elevators, light and "proper lighting" as well as" suitable chairs and furniture in the library" were the four important categories. Meanwhile, introducing the elderly-related services and programs through the library website and audio-visual equipment (video projectors and video screens) were the least important categories. In addition, the results indicated that there was a significant difference between services, programs and information needs of the elderly based on age and gender, while no significant difference was found between the two variables of gender and age of the elderly as well as the category of facilities and equipment.

Identifying and determining the needs of the elderly is a cornerstone for the appropriate services and programs for this age group. Considering the diversity needs of the older adults in different categories included technology, financial, health and medical, and …, it is recommended that the needs of the elderly are taken into account in palnning and designing the appropriate services, collaborative programs and facilities by Iran Public Libraries Foundation and related libraries with cooperation among the stakeholders of the elderly in order to promote quality services permanently. Public libraries should synchronize the services and the real needs and expectations of the older adults and should try to deliver quality services, providing related information resources, programs and acquiring appropriate equipments and facilities for them.

The aim of the study is to identify the most important factors affecting international scientific collaborations based on the views of Iranian experts of science and technology diplomacy.

The instrument used for this survey was a questionnaire designed based on the related research literature. After reviewing and confirmation of validity and reliability, the questionnaire was designed in the online environment and sent via email to experts in the field.

The results of exploratory factor analysis in this study revealed four categories including international collaborations, internationalization of higher education, infrastructural and structural factors. International collaborations consist increasing utilization of study opportunities inside and outside the country, student-professor exchanges, recruitment of academics, and scholarships. Internationalization of education included strengthening distanced and online education, offering courses in international scientific languages in universities, holding foreign language courses. Infrastructural factors such were identified as scientific agreements and memoranda, empowering national scientific associations, expanding non-profit organizations, promoting the status of international deputy chancellors in universities, holding international conferences and forums; and structural factors included enhancing science and technology diplomacy, approving transparent patent and exploration laws, and intellectual property rights”. The results showed that the four categories have significant roles in the development of international scientific cooperation. International interactions with 0.88, infrastructure factors with 0.784, internationalization of education with 0.739, and structural factors with 0.566, respectively, were found to have the greatest impact on international scientific cooperation.

Factors identified could have significant impact on international scientific collaboration. In addition, the results of Friedman statistical test showed that student-professor exchanges are considered the most important factors. Provision of opportunities and empowering scientific associations and their relationship with international associations and federations are the second and third most important categories in the views of Iranian science diplomacy experts. Analysis of findings showed that the variable ranking of scientific collaborations is significant for experts in the field of diplomacy, and they rank such indicators differently. Also, we found significant relationship between the degree, work experience and age in ranking the categories of infrastructure and internationalization of education, but not for others. International collaboration requires an integrated strategy that takes into account various approaches, goals and duties of all stakeholders in the field of Science and Technology Diplomacy. We suggest that one organization should be responsible for implementing that strategy to identify competitive advantage in different scientific fields to pursue international collaborations

Science and Technology Diplomacy (STD) aiming at better understanding and enhancing relations among science and technology for international affairs for coping national and international challenges has been considered seriously in recent decades. One of the most important factors in STD is international scientific collaboration. Analyzing the literature review showed that these elements has been categorized in four groups including infrastructural, national, and international factors. In structural group, international scientific collaborations, academic exchange of students and professors, education, financial aids and copyrights, developing virtual communications and educational infrastructures and focusing on international norms. Facilitating visa for scientific cooperation’s, compiling related regulations in order to publish international researches, Sabbatical Leave and etc. In national level, diplomacy stakeholders like universities and research centers, knowledge base enterprises, incubators, science and technology parks and policy making councils in diplomacy and science and technology related issues are the most important factors. In international group, science and technology exhibitions, internationalization of education, and using people with international figures are the most important indicators. Scientific collaborations and related issues play an important role in enhancing STD. Of course, science creates a kind of diplomacy that requires close cooperation between nations, elites, universities and scientific centers, governmental and non-governmental organizations in different countries. It is necessary to be considered facilities and initiative in to promote scientific collaboration by policymakers and stakeholders in order to accelerate scientific movement and using scientific potentials effectively.

Disability is a biosocial reality that is defined as an obstacle to a person’s ability in doing an activity in a natural position. People with disabilities are the largest minority in the international community, and more than two-thirds of the world’s disabled people are living in developing countries. The present study aimed to identify and prioritize the most important needs of the disabled in order to design and plan suitable services for Iranian public libraries.

The present research is an applied study in terms of purpose, a descriptive-analytical one in terms of nature, and a survey in terms of the method of implementation, and was conducted during a particular period. The statistical population of this study consisted of all physically disabled, blind and visually impaired, deaf and hard of hearing people aged 15 and over 15 who were under the auspices of the Welfare Organization. Using sample power software, the sample population for every group of disabled consists of 82 people that were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling among 10 provinces of Iran. The data gathering tool was 3 researcher-made questionnaires which were used in two print (paper) and online formats. Two questionnaires related to the deaf and physically disabled, in addition to the paper questionnaire, were designed in the online format using WordPress. The questionnaire for the blind was designed by Google Form due to the need to coordinate with screen reader software. To analyze data, SPSS version 23 was used.

Friedman statistical test was used to rank the needs. The result of the study showed that expert librarians with proper behaviors, having Elevator or Lift if the library is multi-storey building, and supporting the need of disabled by managers and other responsible people were the most important needs for physically disabled persons. In the blind and visually impaired group, having elevator with a braille button if the library is multi-storey building, allocating suitable budget for providing related resources and providing access to full catalogs of audiobooks in Iranian public libraries via the Internet, were in the top priorities. Among the deaf and hard of hearing people, holding group programs and recreational trips, presence of translators familiar with sign language skills and holding sign language classes were among the top third high-priority needs.

Up till now, no research has been conducted on a population as wide-ranging as the population of this research to consider diverse needs of three groups of the disabled. Public libraries can help empower the disabled people and provide them with equal access to information by considering various needs of them, thus providing a better life conditions for them.

 The disabled like others, need information and information acquisition skills to play a positive role in society. By providing a variety of resources and information services, the public library has an important role in providing services to the community, including the disabled, and can provide the background and opportunity for the presence of the disabled in society. The purpose of this study is to identify the requirements and characteristics of a disability-friendly public library.

 The study was a descriptive applied study using a content analysis method and systematic search, to identify the requirements of public libraries to provide services to the disabled, in Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. From the search in 4 databases, 738 documents were retrieved. Initially, all bibliographic information of articles and sources found from four databases were examined, extracted, and entered into EndNote X7 software, and duplicates were removed. In the next step, the titles of the remaining articles were examined. After reading the abstract of the remaining articles, if the article was deemed appropriate, their full text was studied. Finally, 40 documents were examined.

The indicators and requirements used in public libraries in providing services to the disabled were divided into seven categories. In the category of policy and budget, the existence of appropriate policies and guidelines in the library to provide services to the disabled, in the category of advertising and development of services, the use of various methods of informing library services, in the category of accessibility and physical condition of the library, Existence of appropriate signs and boards to guide different sections of the library, in the category of services and programs, placing the safe desk in a suitable place and its availability for all groups, in the category of human resources and training, the presence of trained staff in The field of providing services to the disabled, in the category of collections, the existence of books in various formats and the category of equipment and information technology, the existence of assistive technologies (CCTV, Braille printers, screen magnification, etc.) have had the highest frequency.

 Identifying the services needed by the disabled and the characteristics of a library for the disabled can help in making informed decisions to provide appropriate services in libraries, especially public libraries. Public libraries must provide facilities and features for people with disabilities to use the services and access the information they need. Libraries should, in addition to assessing the needs of different groups of people with disabilities and the organizations and associations that support them, have the necessary planning and budget by providing the appropriate collection, accessible building, various services and programs, and the existence of various equipment and technologies.

Open Access (OA) movement has been started in the 1990s aiming to access to the all scholarly literature. In order to follow the OA in horizon 2020, it was scheduled that all scientific publications and related data that result from research funded by public grants must be accessed and shared to the whole society without any restrictions. In order to implementing this goal, an initiative for the OA publishing was launched in 2018, named Plan S, which was supported by Coalition S, an international consortium of research funding to make the OA to research publications. The idea introduced after the Berlin declaration on the OA (2004) that have emphasized to access and share research outputs and their related data. Therefore, national and international organizations made some decisions in order to support this plan. According to our evaluations, it is reveal that regarding to several actions in recent decades on the OA, some considerations on the publication copyrights and their ownerships especially outputs generated form publicly funded research are continued. On the other hand, with emphasize of Coalition S protocol to access to the research outputs and their related raw data, some critical considerations should be stated, include organizational, individual, legal, behavioral, and cultural parameters. Consequently, due to all of these challenges, it seems that universal demand on open science and access to the scientific literature has been increased in the recent years, therefore, research policy makers and funders might to consider their situation concerning this decision.

This study aimed to evaluate hot topics in the field of lung transplantation using scientometricsand co-occurrence analysis. To assess keywords and authors' network and collaborations, Web of Science (WoS) was evaluated. Search results were prepared andcleaned by employing Bibexcel. Finally, the scientific mapsof co-occurrence, authors’ networkand country contributions were depicted;using VOSviewer and NetDraw. Furthermore, the most productive authors were determined and their relationships were identified. Regarding the trend analysis, 10 co-occurrence terms out of high-frequency words were examined by 4 years intervals.The study of 3438 extracted scientific papers from WOS showed that special keywords of bronchiolitisobliterans, aspergillosis and cyclosporine have been presented progressively since 1996. After them, the lung preservation and donation were thehot topics. In 2010 the ex-vivo lung oxygenation was the under considerationtopic. From 2014 to 2018, bronchiolitis obliterans had beenin the hot zone yet.These findings will offer evidence-based information on the status and trends of the lung transplantation research topics over the time, hence,could be used for future studies and foresight in this field.

 The world population is growing older. According to the previous anticipations, it seems that Iranchr('39')s elderly population continues to increase dramatically in the future. While 8% of the total Iranian population was the aged people in 2015, it is expected to increase by nearly 33% of Iranchr('39')s population by 2050. Therefore, the existence of the centers to fulfill the needs of the elderly is a matter of great importance. Among all these centers, public libraries play a vital role in providing services to the elderly. Identifying the various needs of the elderly can lead to success in both designing and planning services offered by public libraries to them. This study thus aims at identifying the services expected by the elderly from public libraries in Iran. 

The present study, by using the qualitative and quantitative content analysis in order to identify themes and count the frequency of the analysis units, identified the needs, services of Iranian public libraries for the elderly through conducting semi-structured interviews. The sample of study included 14 librarians working in public libraries and 11 elderly people and caregivers that were selected purposefully. Data were analyzed using the MAXQDA12.3 based on the analysis units (sentence).

 The analysis of the interviews revealed six categories. According to the frequency of intervieweeschr('39') opinions, the following categories were extracted: library resources, services, and plans, accessibility, needs determination, contribution to policy-making and planning, staffing, and marketing and advertising. The higher frequency of each category was found in: implementing plans on-site at library, the issues concerning librarychr('39')s building and space, identifying various needs, training the librarians, traditional ways of marketing and advertising, and involving the volunteer elderly people in the library programs. 42 percent of all identified codes referred to the categories of the required sources, services and plans for the elderly. Identifying elderlychr('39')s required services, considering their complex needs and providing them through public libraries can help the elderly to maintain their independence and to have an active role in contributing to the society. Moreover, interaction and cooperation between public libraries and other organizations supporting the elderly, training librarians in the skills of communication with the elderly, appropriate policy making in acquisition, budgeting, and providing the necessary equipment and facilities can improve the programs and services old people need.

library resources, services, and plans and accessibility of the library were the two significant priorities expected by the elderly from the public libraries. For this reason, considering that the old age population is likely to grow in the future, it is necessary to provide appropriate policies and budgeting plans to offer more desirable services. Better use of library services by the elderly requires considering the peculiarities of old age. Providing these facilities leads to attracting a few more people to the libraries.

Cohort studies are one of the most important research methods in the field of medical sciences that are usually costly and time-consuming. To justify the investments of these studies, their impacts and achievements should be evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and impact of Iranian cohort studies on the production and development of knowledge.

The present research was a descriptive applied study using bibliometric and Scientometrics methods. 1374 Iranian scientific productions from cohort studies, indexed up to November 30, 2017, in the web of science, formed the statistical population of this study. To analyze the data and descriptive statistics, Excel software and to draw up cooperation maps, Bibexcel, NET DREW and UCInet were used, respectively.

1374 documents indexed in 108 different subject categories with “Medicine, General & Internal” consisted of the first group with 243 articles. These documents received 12953 citations. 69.36% of documents were cited, and 0.5% of them were highly cited. 9685 authors cooperated in writing these papers. Therefore, it was indicated that each paper, on average, contributed by 7 authors. Also, 506 out of 624 journals published cohort articles had an impact factor. 17.9% of papers were published in Q1 journals, and110 countries and 1389 national and international organizations contributed to publish Iranian cohort studies articles. Conclustion: Considering the growing trend in cohort studies, university administrators, custodians, and research investors need to pay attention to the impact of these studies to plan for investing in these studies as well as focusing on domestic and foreign partnerships. Researchers should also pay more attention to the dissemination of research results in qualified magazines with an international audience.

 Although data sharing includes various advantages and benefits, researchers avoid sharing their data. The present study aims at investigating the barriers to and challenges of data sharing.

 This study analyzed the literature of data sharing by searching related keywords in the field in scientific databases such as WoS, Scopus, PubMed, JSTOR, EBSCO and ProQuest without any time limitation till 1 July 2016.

 Barriers to and challenges of research data sharing are categorized into five groups: individual barriers including time, cost and devoted effort to manage and share data, losing publication opportunities, misuse and misinterpretation of data, motivational and behavioral barriers including the lack of required rewards and stimuli for data sharing and the absence of proper acknowledgment on behalf of those who reuse data, organizational barriers involving the lack of appropriate organizational support, the lack of proper financial and human resources, and the lack of and/or strict sharing policies of organizations, technical barriers including the lack of proper repositories, disuse of suitable data and metadata standards, as well as the low quality of data and language barriers, and  legal and legitimate barriers including data ownership, the right and level of use and accessibility of data, data sensitivity and considerations and the lack of knowledge about legal issues.

 In order to promote and enhance the research data sharing, identifying the barriers to and limitations in data sharing can be used as a framework for promoting and increasing data sharing.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have significant role in producing research data in different scientific fields. These data not only lead to generates fields based on research data but also caused to produce a new paradigm or approach in research that calls the Fourth Paradigm or Data Intensive Researches. These researches are based on data sharing by researchers, organizations and scientific societies. It can be to reuse of these data by other researchers. Data sharing is considered as a norm in some of scientific fields. The present article, with library research method, investigated to the approaches, actions, policies and relevant regulations on data sharing in papers, regulations and stakeholder’s websites in scientific and non-scientific databases. Besides national and international organizations, scientific publishers in the world require data sharing as a condition of publications. Because of the universal agreements and data sharing acceptance in many of organizations and scientific fields and due to its benefits and applications, it seems that development of this issue can be an important step on science and research policy making and lead to more research impact in the country.

Objectives and nowadays, dementia is considered as a global epidemy that causes disability particularly in the elderly people. With Population increase of the elderly people around the world, there are an increasing number of people with dementia which in turn results in an increase in the related research. Scientometric studies provide the opportunity of investigating the situation of scientific production and the subject trends in this area of research.
the present study examines the scientific production of dementia based on the Web of Science in Geriatrics and Gerontology subject category till the end of June 2015. The word co-occurrence analysis of keywords was used in order to mapping science and determines the subject trend of dementia-related research.
Findings: the results showed that the number of articles has increased from 14 research papers in 1983 to 1130 in 2014. 14417 research papers involve 55892 keywords. The results from word co-occurrence analysis of keywords indicated that these concepts are classified into 5 cluster including Cognition, Frail Elderly, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer Disease, and Dementia. Moreover, the results of keyword analysis in 5 year periods showed that in addition to Alzheimer Disease and Dementia, the number of keywords such as Cognition, aging, Memory, and caregiver increased. Besides Alzheimer Disease and Dementia, the risk factors enhance.
familiarity with the research trends and hot subjects in dementia research help the researchers and policymakers with making better decisions in conducting research studies and funding on this area.

data sharing is one of the critical drivers of science advancement. ICTs and Open Access movement have significant role in data sharing. This study, is reviewed the ratio of articles, subject categories, institutions and countries contributed to data sharing literature. This research used quantitative approach with scientometric techniques and softwares to analyze data sharing literature. Results showed that during recent years, the number of articles on data sharing increased dramatically. The rate of these articles shows that medical sciences categories, biological sciences and library and information sciences increased considerably, United States produced more than half of the articles, all articles written by about 27000 authors from 6742 institutions from 140 countries. 3500 journals published the articles. These articles indexed in 231 subject categories. The first 20 subject categories indexed more than 90% of the articles. It seems due to data sharing functions and benefits in advancing science and attention of scientific communities to this subject and multidisciplinary context of data sharing, in near future, more and more researchers and scientific communities will tend to data sharing, and this matter will be needed more attention to technical, cultural and structural infrastructures on behalf of data sharing stakeholders.

Data sharing accelerates research activities and production of science. It has numerous benefits for the stakeholders. However, researchers withhold it for different reasons. Accordingly, the present study examined the challenges refusing data sharing among Iranian researchers of medical sciences.
The present survey study sought to identify data sharing challenges from the medical sciences researchers’ perspectives using a questionnaire. The sample population included 400 researchers in the field of medical sciences, who had published articles in WoS databases in 2016. Descriptive and analytical statistics (independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA and Friedman test) were used in this study.
Based on the mean ranks, concerns about the misuse and misinterpretation of the data (9.02), earlier publication of the shared data by others prior to their publication by the main researcher (8.71) and lack of appropriate motivational mechanisms (8.6) are the most important data sharing challenges from the viewpoints of Iranian researchers in Medical Sciences. There was a significant difference in data sharing rate between males and females (p= .003), on the one hand, and clinical and non-clinical groups of researchers in medical sciences (p= .014) on the other hand.
The findings indicate that it is essential to familiarize the researchers with data capabilities in order to change their attitudes toward data sharing. Knowing about the benefits of sharing data facilitates the movement toward data-based research studies.

To identify factors influencing sharing of research data.
All scientific papers on factors influencing research data sharing indexed in EBSCO, Science Direct, JSTORE, PubMed, Scopus, WOS and Google Scholar were analyzed.
The most important factors in data sharing are organization and research sponsors compulsion, organizational support, data management plan, existence of data repositories, data and metadata standards and interoperability, number of publications, work experience, age, altruism, privacy, confidentiality, national and international requirements, work perceived benefit, informed consent from the participants, motivated mechanisms like citations, academic recognition, more visibility and formal acknowledgment from data providers.
Added value of data makes it necessary for stakeholders to provide required infrastructures for research data accessibility. Efficient data curation is the best way to optimize and fund on data.

analyzing the Iranian medical sciences systematic reviews based on scientometric indicators is the purpose of this study. this study with quantitative approach and using scientometric technique and software analyzes the 382 systematic reviews in Iran Medical Sciences from 1970 to 14 June, 2016 in Web of Science database. in sum, Iranian researchers with indexing 421 systematic review articles are in the 22nd places among other countries, 382 out of these 421 articles are in the medical sciences field. Results show the fast rate of this type of articles since 2006 to 2015, most of the review articles indexed in General and internal medicine. At the point of scientific collaboration, Mashhad University of medical sciences produces most of the articles with researchers from other countries and United States, Italy, France and Germany has the significant role in producing Iranian medical sciences review articles, 6 out of 10 journals published most of the review articles belong to Iranian organizations. regarding to the importance of review articles in health domain policy making and clinical decisions and the growing world attention to these kinds of articles, suitable planning to publishing and producing these type of articles are necessary.

Systematic reviews, which are of prime importance in medical research, provide essential information for decision making through integration of evidence-based information.The aim of the present study was to investigate the status of systematic reviews, citation rate and the factors influencing this rate in medical research in Iran.
The present study was an applied research in which scientometric and statistical tests were used. The status of 382 medical systematic reviews of Iran in the Web of Science database were scrutinized and the factors influencing on citations of these articles were examined.
The results of the study showed that about 60% of articles were published from 2013 to 2015. More than 15% of the review articles were publishe under the subject category of Internal, General Medicine. The subject category of Gastroenterology and Hepatology with the average of 17/96 citation from each article was in the first rank. The highest number of citation for an article was 274. There were seven factors influencing citation : the length of the article, the length of the title, the length of the abstract, the number of keywords, the number of authors, the number of references, and the international collaboration. The findings revealed a significant correlation between the collaborating countries, the number of references and the number of citations. However, the relationship between other effective factors was not significant.
The results of this study showed that the highest number of citations is taken from international articles. Therefore, writing articles with international authors is one of the best ways to increase the citation and visibility of the articles.

Research in the medical field requires large budgets, specialist human resources and modern equipment and instruments. Scientific collaboration is a way to overcome such problems. Main goal of this study was analyzing scientific collaboration of universities of medical sciences in different aspects.
In this research, by using scientometrics methods and social network analysis techniques, the Universities of Medical Sciences co-authorship network was mapped. Source of collecting Data, was Web Of Science database. For mapping and analyzing of scientific networks, we used Bibexcel, VOSviewer, Pajek and UCINET software.
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Tehran University of Medical Sciences, with 933 co-authorship papers are in the first place in scientific collaboration among Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences. And at the international level, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences has more scientific collaboration than other Iranian universities with the University of Malaya. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, have significant position in terms of centrality index in co-authorship network.
Medical sciences researchers have very strong tendency to make scientific collaboration with Tehran University of Medical Sciences researchers. For this reason, scientific collaboration network has become a monopoly network around Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This form of collaboration prevents creation of opportunities for collaboration.

To identify how Iranian formal news agencies represent science production and evaluation using high level documents.
Using content analysis, Iranian high level documents on science and technology were analyzed and categorized into two groups of science production and science evaluation. The contents of four news agencies (Mehr, ISNA, IRNA and KHABAR ONLINE) during 2011 to 2014 were regarded.
There were 620 news about science and technology in four news agencies (61.8% on science production and 38.2% on science evaluation). The majority of science production news was around science production quantity and scientific journals and databases, while in science evaluation category, ranking of univerisites, countries and scientists were on top. The top most news contributors were The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Ministry of Education and Islamic World Science Citation Center respectively. The Iranian Parliament had the most critical views toward science production. Humanities got the most critical reviews. The highest cooccurences were among countries ranking and publication, scientific outputs and publications also countries ranking and scientific outputs.
Due to vital role of media in shaping public opinion and publishing science production discourse, it seems necessary for news agencies to consider more about science production.

Scientometric professionals and policy makers always take into consideration Statistics and indicators of citation databases of the world as a framework for assessing and evaluating scientific research and outputs. In this article, Iran’s engineering scientific output situation during 2 last decades by using of data obtained from Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) and Scopus are reviewed. Results show that engineering scientific productions in Iran during 2 last decades has had a highly appropriate growing trend. According to ISI Databases, Iran ranks 25th in the world in order of producing 12145 papers in Engineering field, in order to number of citation with 40236 citations and it ranks 69th in the world in term of citation per paper with ratio 3.31. Tehran University by 6431 citations and 1568 scientific output and 3.31 citation per paper ranks 204th, 129th and 919th respectively in the word. Most of the scientific outputs of Iranian researcher in engineering field are related to Electrical and Electronic engineering field. The University of Tehran, Sharif University of Technology, AmirKabir University of Technology, Iran University of Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University and Tarbiat Modares University have produced most of the scientific output in these two databases. In sum, 4 out of 31 Iranian journals indexed in JCR cover Engineering Papers. During last 2 decades Iran had 4 highly cited papers and 9 hot papers in engineering field. More than 17% of Iranian research output in engineering field are indexed in WOS and 25% indexed in Scopus. The most dominant language of Iranian research outputs are in English and article is the most dominant form of Iranian researcher outputs.

Regarding the importance of the role textbooks in reflecting different topics and issues and, on the other hand, the unfamiliarity of the field of library and information science, the present study analyzes the extent of attention to the issues of this field using content analysis. The measurement instrument was the checklist of textbooks content which was used when gathering data. Forty-three high school and pre-university textbooks were analyzed. The findings showed that the humanities textbooks pay more attention to the issues of this field than other fields. In terms of the extent of information, the Farsi textbooks of grade 2 common to all fields and in terms of the frequency, the pre-university religion and life textbook common to all fields have addressed the topics of library and information science. The categories of reference and generalities in the field library and information science have been reflected more than other categories in the high school and pre-university textbooks.